Objective：To study the expression of AQP1,AQP3,AQP4 and AQP5 in the pulmonary tissues of mice with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to clarify the relationship of ALI with the expression of AQP1,AQP3,AQP4 and AQP5. Methods: Forty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were evenly randomized into 5 groups: LPS 4 h group,LPS 6 h group,LPS 8 h group,LPS 10 h group and control group. ALI model was induced with LPS in all the LPS groups. Realtime PCR was used to observe the expression changes of AQP1,AQP3,AQP4 and AQP5 mRNA. Immunohistochemical method and Western blotting assay were used to determine the changes of AQP1,AQP3,AQP4 and AQP5 protein in the pulmonary tissues of all the animals. Meanwhile,measurement of lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio and pathological staining were performed in each group. Results: The W/D values of the LPS 4 h,6 h,8 h and 10 h groups (4.39±0.19,4.58±0.17,4.87±0.21 and 5.28±0.16,respectively) were significantly higher than that of the control group (3.99±0.25，all P<0.05). The expression of AQP1 and AQP5 protein in the lung of the LPS 4 h group decreased to (74.1±5.2)% and (70.3±7.1)% that of the control group; the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 protein in the lung of the LPS 8 h group decreased to (45.2±4.4)% and (38.6±8.9)% that of the control group,and the expression of AQP3 and AQP4 had no obvious changes. Conclusion: AQP1 and AQP5 may play important roles in the abnormal ALI fluid transportation and might be associated with the development of pulmonary edema. AQP3 and AQP4 may not participate in the development of pulmonary edema during ALI.