Adult stem cells have great advantage in tissue reconstruction and regeneration. Transplantation of autologous stem cells into ischemic tissue is a novel therapeutic option for ischemic disorders. This review summarizes the potential role of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells （ADSC） on regenerative cell therapy for ischemic diseases. ADSC can be readily harvested and cultured, under specific condition,they can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes, bone, neurons,and endothelial cells. Moreover,ADSC can secrete a number of angiogenesis-related cytokines which might be suitable for regenerative cell therapy. It has also been reported that ADSC could differentiate into myocardlocytes. ADSC might be an important material for regenerative cell therapy in the near future,replaclng bone marrow cells.[