Hypotha is the center of energy homeostasis in the organism.The central step of its endocrinology regulation network is that it can receive the leptin signal provided by peripheral adipose tissues,and subsequently modulate the expression of Agouti-related protein (AgRP) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC),maintaining energy homeostasis by regulating energy intake and consumption.Transcription factors FoxO1 and STAT3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) are key molecules in leptin-mediated transcriptional regulation of AgRP; they directly participate in the regulation of energy homeostasis.FoxO1 can enhance AgRP expression and activated STAT3 can inhibit AgRP expression.Leptin can modulate AgRP and energy homeostasis through inhibiting FoxO1 activity and activating STAT3.The article reviews the regulatory mechanism of leptin upon AgRP.