ObjectiveTo observe the effect of low-dose aspirin on allogeneic chronic allograft nephropathy in renal recipient rats and the possible mechanisms.MethodsChronic allograft nephropathy model of rats were established and the recipient rats were randomly divided into 2 groups with 10 in each group. Cyclosporine A (5 mg/kg) was administered as a basic treatment one day before surgery to prevent and treat acute rejection. Aspirin therapy group was given oral aspirin (5 mg/kg) daily, and control group were given oral saline 2 ml/d. Animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after operation and the serum creatinine, urea nitrogen levels were determined. Renal histomorphology and immunohistochemistry approaches were used to examine TGF-β1 expression.ResultsThe severity of pathological lesion, increase of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, and expression of fibrosis associated factor TGF-β1 in aspirin therapy group were significantly slighter than those of the saline control group(P<0.05). ConclusionLow-dose aspirin in addition to routine anti-rejection treatment can be used for treatment of chronic allograft nephropathy in rats, which might be associated with the decreased expression of anticoagulation factor TGF-β1.