Objective To treat benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) by single-port transvesical enucleation of the prostate (STEP) and to report our preliminary experience. Methods We performed STEP in 11 BPH patients, who had a mean age of 72.3±4.61 (ranging 67-80) years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22±3.81 (ranging 18-29) kg/m2. They had a mean prostate volume of 74.3±27.9 (ranging 19.9-116.9) ml (by ultrasonography), a mean IPSS of 27.1±4.89 (20-35), and a mean postvoid residual of 308.3±283.6 (18 to 1 000) ml. The mean maximum urinary flow rate was 8.42±4.09 ml/s (ranging 3.5-15.7) in 6 patients (not measured in others due to acute urinary retention in 4 patients and chronic obstructive renal failure in 1 patient). The mean baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 6.41±2.89 (ranging 2.31-12.15) ng/ml before operation; prostate biopsy showed that 6 patients with PSA level ≥4 ng/ml had BPH. Under general anaesthesia, a 2 cm skin incision was made just below the umbilicus, the white line was incised and the peritoneum was pushed up to expose the dome of the bladder. The novel single-port device was inserted percutaneously into the bladder with assistance of cystoscopy. After establishment of pneumovesicum, the prostate adenoma was enucleated along the inner margin of its surgical capsule with a flexible scissor and extracted via the port. After suturing the bladder fissure, a three-way Foley catheter and retropubic tube were left for drainage. Results Open conversion was necessary in one case due to failure of single-port device insertion. The STEP was completed in 10 cases, with the mean operative duration being 155±30.1 (ranging 120-210) min and the estimated intraoperative blood loss being 355±288.1 (ranging 50-900) ml. One case was transfused with an amount of 1 200 ml, without any other severe complications. The mean specimen volume was 36.8±20.2 (ranging 12-76) ml, and the specimens were identified as BPH by pathological examination. Continuous bladder irrigation was used in all cases, with a mean period of 2.7±0.95 (ranging 2-4 days). The patients had a mean retropubic drainage for 2.4±0.92 (ranging 1-4) days, a mean hospital stay of 7.1±1.73 (ranging 5-11) days, and a mean duration of catheterization of 2 weeks. All 10 patients (excluding the one converted to open prostatectomy) were voiding spontaneously after the catheter retraction. The patients were followed up for 1-3 months after surgery, and it was found that the mean maximum urinary flow rate was 23.2±5.59 (ranging 16.4-26.9) ml/s, with a postvoid residual of 38.3±13.7(ranging 10-67) ml and an International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS) of 2.1±0.86 (ranging 1-4). No patient had developed urinary incontinence, retention or dysuria. Conclusion Our initial experience shows that STEP is a safe, effective and feasible procedure, with advantages of less trauma and more cosmetic benefit, but its clinical effect needs to be observed by prospective comparative studies with a longer follow-up.