ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of colorectal cancer (de novo tumor \[DNT\] and neoplasm recurrence in colorectum) in liver transplantation recipients and to discuss its risk factors,diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 982 patients undergoing liver transplantation from May 1996 to March 2011. Results(1) Among the 483 nontumorous recipients 391 lived for more than one year. Three patients developed DNT (two colon carcinoma and one rectal cancer), with the total incidence rate being 0.76%(3/391)．The two patients with colon carcinoma died 6 and 3 months after operation and the patient with rectal cancer has lived for 10 months after resection. (2) Totally 140 of the 499 tumorous recipients had tumor recurrence after transplantation, with the recurrence rate being 28.06%. Three (2.14%) patient had colon cancer recurrence, and they all received reoperation and died at 14, 4, and 7 months after recurrence. ConclusionThe DNT and neoplasm recurrence in colorectums is not frequent after liver transplantation, but they have a very poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to improve the prognosis. Regular coloscopy examination is of great significance for diagnosis and should be done routinely after liver transplantation.