ObjectiveTo explore the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of the brucellosis testicular epididymitis. MethodsThe brucellosis testicular epididymitis group included 35 male patients aged 24-68 years old (\[44.9±13.0\] years), who had scrotal swelling and pain for the first time and were clinically diagnosed as having brucellosi. The control group was composed of 30 healthy male volunteers aged 21-65 years old (\[43.0±11.6\] years). All the subjects received the right scrotal ultrasound examination, including the testis volume, caput and cauda epididymidis thickness, blood flow velocity of testicular artery and resistance index. The data of the two groups were statistically analyzed and compared. ResultsCompared with the control group, the brucellosis testicular epididymitis group had significantly increased testicular volume (P=0.010) and thickened caput and cauda epididymidis (P=0.008,0.007). Moreover, the testicular artery peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity in the brucellosis testicular epididymitis group were significantly increased (P=0.000) and the resistance index was significantly decreased (P=0.000). ConclusionFor patients with scrotal swelling and pain, ultrasound examination can provide evidence for diagnosis of brucellosis testicular epididymitis when combined with exposure history to sick animals and livestock, helping to prevent serious complications.