Aim To investigate the correlation between between military physical training and body fat percentage , lean body mass percentage, muscle percentage, skeletal muscle percentage and BMI. Methods A total of 5631 male graduating students and 558 new students from 16 different military academies were involved in the study to conduct the body composition testing and analyze the correlation between physical training and the indicators by using literature review and mathematical statistics. Results The body fat percentage in the male graduating students were significantly lower than that in the new students(P=0.0036）. While the lean body mass percentage, muscle percentage, skeletal muscle percentage and BMI in the male graduating students were significantly higher than those in the new students（P=0.0037、0.0020、0.0411 and <0.0001, respectively ）.Conclusion A long-term planned, targeted and military physical training program can significantly reduce body fat percentage, increase lean body mass percentage, muscle percentage, skeletal muscle percentage and BMI and enhance students' physical fitness.