The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） is increasing nowadays. Until now there is still no effective treatment of NAFLD, and most researcheshave focused on molecular mechanisms of NAFLD andmetabolic disorders. This review discusses these new molecular mechanisms and their potential treatment of NAFLD, including PXR（pregnane X receptor），FOXO1(forkhead box protein O1)、FXR（farnesoid X receptor），PPARs（peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors），THR（thyroid hormone receptor），AMPK(AMP-activated protein kinase) ，p53,Nrf2(Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2)，mitochondria，cannabinoid receptors，and bile-acid receptor.