Objective To investigate the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (PCa) among male permanent residents in Yangpu district of Shanghai during 2002-2012. Methods The data of PCa patients among male permanent residents of Yangpu district from January 2002 to December 2012 were obtained. Changes in the incidence and mortality of PCa was assessed using annual percent change (APC) model. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test was applied to estimate the survival. The incidence and mortality were standardized with age composition of standard male population from a nationwide census of 2000. Results A total of 1 578 cases of PCa were newly diagnosed between 2002 and 2012,accounting for 6.36% (1 578/24 800) of total male cases with malignant diseases during the period in Yangpu district, Shanghai. The annual crude incidence of PCa was 25.87/10⁵ and the standardized incidence was 10.60/10⁵. The crude incidence of PCa increased consecutively (APC=10.11, P<0.01) from 2002 to 2012; the same was true for the standardized incidence (APC=7.27, P<0.01). The incidence of PCa was increased rapidly above 60 years old. A total of 716 cases died of PCa in this period, with the annual crude mortality being 11.74/10⁵ and the standardized one being 3.92/10⁵. The mortality was increased greatly in those above 65 years old. The overall 5-year survival of the PCa patients was 57.59%. The 5-year survival rate of patients receiving operation was significantly higher than that of patients receiving no operation (67.56% vs 50.40%, P<0.01). Conclusion Age is the major reason for increased incidence of PCa in Yangpu district of Shanghai. The mortality of PCa is apparently lower than the incidence, and surgical treatment is an important factor influencing the survival of PCa patients.