Objective: To investigate the relationship between autonomic nervous reflex and early recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), according to analyzing diving reflex test and cold pressor test. Methods: A total of 102 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were recruited. All patients underwent diving reflex test and cold pressor test before and after RFCA. The average heart rate was compared and its relationship with early recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Results: Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in all 102 patients. Average heat rate was decreased and increased respectively by diving reflex test and cold pressor tes (P<0.05). Diving reflex decreased significantly after RFCA (P<0.05). Diving reflex was more powerful in patients with early recurrence of atrial fibrillation than without (P<0.05). Conclusion: Parasympathetic activity decreases after RFCA as evaluated by diving reflex test, which may be related with early recurrence of atrial fibrillation.