【】Objective To investigate the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)with the carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods A total of 120 T2DM patients were assigned to non carotid atherosclerosis group( group B, n=56) and the carotid atherosclerosis group( group C,n=64) bycarotid artery ultrasound detection. 60 healthy controls were recruited from health check-up populations(group A).Clinical data was collected,SandSthe level of BDNF,SVEGF were determined by ELISAS.Results The level of BDNF (9.97±2.59),(6.88±3.10),(5.62±3.41)ng/ml of group A, group B, group C was gradually decreased (P＜0.05); The level of VEGF (49.29±20.23), (61.29±22.05),(71.34±20.30)pg/ml of the there groups was gradually increased (P＜0.05).Conclusions The level of BDNF is significantly decreased and the VEGF is significantly increased in T2DM with carotid atherosclerosis, suggesting that low level of BDNF and high level of VEGF are correlated with the occurrence and development of carotid atherosclerosis.