Objective To know about the blood glucose-management ability of the residents not working in the endocrinology department, so as to provide the reference for the education and treatment of diabetes and solutions to the existing probelms. Methods We designed a questionnaire to investigate four aspects of residents concerning the blood glucose-management ability, including cognition of blood glucose-management, cognition of basic effect of insulin, application of insulin, and factors influencing the use of insulin. We also collected the related suggestions. Results Among the 190 residents surveyed, 143(75.26%) never rotated in the department of endocrinology. The residents had a poor knowledge of blood glucose-management, with the rate of correct answer being 42.16%; they also showed an unsatisfactory understanding of insulin use, with only 16.82% of the respondents familiar with the guideline for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and less than 30% familiar with the insulin types, characteristics and common-used insulin therapy strategies. The main factors affecting the use of insulin by residents included "short hospitalization caused poor control of blood glucose", "less attention on blood glucose-management by non-endocrinology residents" and "lack of knowledge on individualized blood glucose control strategies". Conclusion More attention is needed on inhospital blood glucose-management, and related education should be strengthened among residents.