Objective To compare the anti-infective effects of levofloxacin lactate and ceftizoxime in treatment of acute edema biliary pancreatitis, so as to provide reference for clinical anti-infective therapy of acute pancreatitis. Methods A total of 180 consecutive patients with acute edema biliary pancreatitis, who were treated in the emergency department of Changhai Hospital from January 2014 to November 2014, were selected in the present study, and they were randomly divided into levofloxacin lactate treatment group and ceftizoxime treatment group. In addition to conventional treatment including water fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, acid suppression, enzyme suppression and nutrition support, etc., levofloxacin lactate therapy and ceftizoxime were given separately to control the infection in the two groups. Then the following parameters were observed: remission of vomiting, abdominal pain and bloating, open eating time, hospital stays, blood routine and biochemistry test, C reaction protein (CRP), serum amylase, and the absorption of inflammation of the pancreas in imaging. Results The levofloxacin lactate treatment group had a significantly higher effective rate than the ceftizoxime treatment group (P <0.05). Compared with the ceftizoxime treatment group, the remission of vomiting and abdominal pain and bloating was significantly faster in the levofloxacin lactate treatment group (P <0.01); the open eating time, hospital stays hemogram and blood amylase recovery were also significantly improved in the levofloxacin lactate treatment group (P <0.05); and the absorption of inflammation of the pancreas in CT imaging was significantly faster (P <0.05). Conclusion The study shows that levofloxacin lactate is more effective than ceftizoxime in the anti-infective therapy of acute edema biliary pancreatitis.