Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male genitourinary system and it increasingly poses a threat to men's health. As a post-transcriptional regulator, microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the evolution and development of life and the occurrence and progress of tumor. Researches have shown that the abnormal expression of miRNAs exerts an indispensable part in the initiation and progression of PCa. In this review we summarized the changes of the miRNAs expression profiling in PCa, the progression of castration resistant PCa, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance and its clinical application.