Cerebrovascular disease has become the first cause of death in China, which brings heavy social economy burden and psychological pressure to the patients and their families. Recent years have witnessed rapid development in cerebrovascular disease research, which promotes the rapid development of its prevention and treatment. This review summarized several focuses in studies of cerebrovascular diseases, including focuses of basic research, diagnoses and therapies of acute ischemic stroke and endovascular treatments, cerebral hemorrhage, prevention and rehabilitation of cerebral stroke, evidence-based medicine, translational medicine and precision medicine, hoping to provide insights for all those who involved in the field.