Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) is the most common malignant renal tumors of childhood. With the development of various medical skills, the survival rate has been greatly improved for Wilms tumor children. Researches have shown that patients with Wilms tumor have different outcomes due to diverse histological classification. Deepening the understanding of tumor molecular typing may help to understand the biological characteristics of tumor better and distinguish different tumors, contributing to treatment and prognosis prediction of children with Wilms tumor. In this review, we summarized the progress of molecular typing markers in pediatric Wilms tumor.