Objective To evaluate the efficacy of calcium sulfate artificial bone combined with allograft bone and calcium sulfate artificial bone alone in the treatment of benign bone tumors in the lower limbs. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 97 patients with benign bone tumor in the lower limbs who received treatment in the Department of Joint and Bone Disease, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University from June 2010 to June 2015 and met the study criteria. Thirty-two patients received calcium sulfate artificial bone combined with allograft bone grafting (combined group), and the other 65 patients received calcium sulfate artificial bone grafting alone (artificial bone group). The incidence of postoperative incisional adverse events and the bone defect rate after the complete absorption of artificial bone of patients were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative incisional adverse events between the combined and artificial bone groups (15.6%[5/32] vs 26.2%[17/65], P>0.05), while the bone defect rate after the complete absorption of artificial bone was significantly different between the two groups (9.4%[3/32] vs 29.2%[19/65], P=0.028). Conclusion Calcium sulfate artificial bone combined with allograft bone has a satisfactory effect in the treatment of benign bone tumors in the lower limbs. The combination of the two may reduce the risk of bone defects after complete absorption of artificial bone and do not increase the adverse events of surgical incision.