Objective To investigate the efficiency of early vestibular rehabilitation in managing residual dizziness after successful canalith repositioning maneuver in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Methods A total of 100 patients with primary benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were enrolled after successful canalith repositioning in Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University from March to December of 2016. There were 38 cases had residual dizziness 24 hours after successful canalith repositioning maneuvers, and they were divided into vestibular rehabilitation group to receive Cawthorne-Cooksey vestibular rehabilitation training and control group without special treatment. All patients were followed up by neurologists once a week for 4 weeks. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scale was used to evaluate the efficiency of vestibular rehabilitation. Results The DHI scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved at 1-4 weeks of follow-up (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in DHI scores between the two groups immediately after canalith repositioning maneuvers (P=0.609) or at 1 week of follow-up (P=0.627). The DHI scores in the vestibular rehabilitation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 2-4 weeks of follow-up (all P<0.05). Conclusion Early vestibular rehabilitation can relieve residual dizziness and reduce the incidence of functional disability after successful canalith repositioning maneuvers in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.