Objective To rapidly identify the chemical constituents in a traditional Chinese medicine Yine Abrus (Xiangsiteng) by high-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF/MS) analysis technique. Methods A formula database including 28 compounds of Xiangsiteng was developed by Agilent software "Formula-Database Generator". The total ion chromatograms of the Xiangsiteng extracts were obtained by HPLC-TOF/MS, and the chemical components were identified by automatic matching method according to the exact mass-to-charge ratio of each chemical component. The separation was performed on a Agilent Zorbax Eclipse SB-C₁₈ column (3.0 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm). The mobile phase composing of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution was used for gradient eluting. The flowing rate was 0.4 mL/min; the temperature of column was 25℃; the UV detection wavelength was 254 nm; and the sample selection was 10 μL. The electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied for MS analysis under positive ion and negative ion modes, with the mass scan range being m/z 100-1 200. Results HPLC-TOF/MS identified a total of 15 chemical components from Xiangsiteng extracts, including 10 in positive ion mode and 11 in negative ion mode, and 6 both in both positive and negative ion modes. Conclusion A rapid and efficient method for identifying the chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine Xiangsiteng by HPLC-TOF/MS has been established, and the chemical components of Xiangsiteng has been clarified, which lays a foundation for the quality control and further pharmacological study of Xiangsiteng.