Objective To explore the influence of navy soldiers’ social anxiety on the processing of interpersonal information in military life. Methods A whole group of 74 soldiers was randomly selected. The interpersonal anxiety scale was used to evaluate the social anxiety of soldiers and E-prime behavioral experiment was used to test the characteristics of interpersonal information processing. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the relationship between variables. Results Social anxiety was negatively correlated with interpretation bias and compliance (P<0.01, P<0.05), indicating that soldiers with high levels of social anxiety had a stronger tendency to negative interpretation bias and soldiers with high social anxiety showed lower compliance. The Sobel test showed that the interpretation bias could indirectly affect the soldier’s compliance through social anxiety (z=2.75 > 1.96). Conclusion Navy soldiers’ social anxiety has an impact on the processing of interpersonal information, and it plays an intermediary role in low-compliance behaviors caused by negative interpretation bias. Navy soldiers with high social anxiety show low compliance and other behaviors that do not adapt to the collective military life under the influence of negative interpretation bias. The interpretation bias modification can help officers and soldiers reduce social anxiety, increase their sense of belonging to the troops and help them better adapt to military life.