Objective To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of fatigue in officers and soldiers during the closed management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), so as to provide evidence for developing specific strategies on psychological assistance in major public health emergencies. Methods The fatigue status and stress level were evaluated by multidimensional fatigue inventory, military personnel psychological self-evaluation test and self-designed epidemic effect questionnaire in 199 officers and soldiers from an army unit, and the relevant data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 softwase. Results The total fatigue score was 47.96±12.52, with power loss (50.25%) as the main manifestation, and the stress rate was 7.54% (15/199). There were significant differences in the total fatigue scores concerning gender, job title, service age, educational background, number of closed days, and the impact of the epidemic on themselves (all P<0.05). The total fatigue score and the 3 factors (physical fatigue, mental fatigue and power loss) were positively correlated with the stress level (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of closed days, job title, stress level and whether being the only child or not were included in the regression equation. Conclusion The main influencing factors of fatigue in officers and soldiers during the COVID-19 epidemic include gender, job title, service age, educational background, stress level, number of closed days, and the impact of the epidemic on themselves. The number of closed days, job title, stress level and whether being the only child or not can effectively predict the fatigue status of officers and soldiers during closed management.