Inflammatory aneurysms are related to arterial inflammation, and are mainly caused by rheumatic immune diseases. The etiological and differential diagnoses of inflammatory aneurysms are particularly important due to its low incidence, hidden manifestations and different treatment methods from aneurysms caused by atherosclerosis and trauma. Young patients with aneurysms have nonspecific manifestations (such as fever, anemia, fatigue, weight loss) and increased clinical inflammatory indexes (such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein) should be considered to have high possibility of inflammatory aneurysms. This paper introduces the concept and incidence of rheumatic immune diseases complicated with inflammatory aneurysms, hoping to provide reference for clinicians.