In addition to damaging the respiratory system, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can also affect the nervous system, and even cause serious clinical consequences. This paper expounds the research status of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on nervous system injury from 3 aspects: pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and treatment prognosis, and systematically summarizes the pathological mechanism of nervous system lesions caused by COVID-19, hoping to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.