The incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is higher in females than in males. Whether AIS and its clinical treatment will affect pregnancy and delivery has become a concern of female AIS patients and clinicians. Based on the literature on the fertility status of female AIS patients after treatment, this paper summarizes the indicators that can be used to evaluate the fertility status of female AIS patients after treatment, including low back pain, spinal anesthesia rate, delivery mode/cesarean section rate, sexual function, and postpartum depression, and lists the measurement methods used to evaluate different indicators.