China is a country with a high incidence of gastrointestinal cancer, as well as a country with a high incidence of gastric cancer and a high infection rate of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori). H.pylori is a definite carcinogen of gastric cancer, hence is the most important controllable risk factor of gastric cancer. The earlier to eradicate H.pylori, the better outcomes could be obtained. For patients with intestinal metaplasia, can also benefit from eradicating H.pylori. The management strategy for H.pylori infection has been changed from “test and treat”, “screening and treat” to “family-based prevention and control”. Screening and eradicating H.pylori is a feasible way to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer in China.