Neuropsychological symptoms of acute inflammatory diseases have gradually attracted the attention of clinicians. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a post-infectious autoimmune polyneuropathy which affects motor, sensory, and autonomic nerves. It is one of the most common neurological disorders resulting in acute paralysis. With the in-depth understanding of the disease, the neuropsychological symptoms of GBS have gradually attracted attention. However, researches on the neuropsychological symptoms of GBS are still scarce and there are still no diagnostic criteria and only few studies focusing on the treatment. In addition, the influence of neuropsychological symptoms on the rehabilitation and social function of GBS patients could not be ignored. This article summarized the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment progress of GBS patients with neuropsychological symptoms such as fatigue, anxiety, depression, cognitive disorders, and sleep disorders. Neurologists should improve the understanding of the neuropsychological symptoms of GBS patients and attach importance to the evaluation and intervention of neuropsychological symptoms of GBS.