A large number of carrier-based aircraft pilots is needed for Chinese Navy with the enlist of our naval aircraft carriers. To explore the physical diseases and health maintenance of carrier-based aircraft pilots is of great significance for improving their operational ability. Spontaneous pneumothorax in carrier-based aircraft pilots is extremely rare. Once occurs, it can greatly threaten the flight safety. This paper introduces the spontaneous pneumothorax cases in US Navy carrier-based aircraft pilots, analyzes its inducing factors, and proposes protective measures, so as to provide reference for the health maintenance of our carrier-based aircraft pilots.