Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor. Surgical treatment is the first choice, but it is only applicable to a few patients, and the recurrence rate is high. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective postoperative adjuvant therapies to reduce the recurrence rate and improve patient survival. In recent years, local and systemic therapies (e.g., hepatic artery perfusion chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy) have shown promising anti-tumor effects in the treatment of advanced HCC, which provides more strategies for postoperative adjuvant treatment of HCC. This article summarizes the current postoperative adjuvant therapies for HCC and the research status.