Objective To investigate the influencing factors of health literacy of young naval officers and soldiers, and provide a basis for formulating precise health promotion education policies and improving the health literacy level of naval officers and soldiers. Methods The data of young naval officers and soldiers (aged 18-45 years) were randomly extracted from the Navy Health Literacy Monitoring Database, including general demographic data (gender, age, height, body weight, nationality, marital status, education level, only-child or not, registered residence), health self-assessment status (good, average, poor) and health literacy level (obtained through the national residents health literacy monitoring questionnaire ［2018］). The influencing factors of health literacy level of young naval officers and soldiers were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Gender, age, nationality, marital status, educational level, and health self-assessment status were independent influencing factors for the overall health literacy level of young naval officers and soldiers (all P＜0.05). Among them, being female, aged 25-45 years, Han nationality, married, having a college degree or above, and having a “good” self-assessed health status were protective factors for health literacy (all P＜0.05). Conclusion Health education and health promotion should be strengthened for young naval officers and soldiers, especially for unmarried youth and people with low educational level. It is also necessary to improve the accessibility of health education, so as to continuously improve the health literacy level of naval officers and soldiers.