Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex three-dimensional deformity involving coronal, sagittal, and axial planes, with a prevalence that should not be overlooked. With advancements in technology and in-depth research, an increasing number of hospitals and physicians are exploring standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches for AIS. Comprehensive and in-depth understanding is required for AIS, including its etiology, screening and diagnosis, classification, assessment and examination, treatment options, exploration of current focus, and evaluation of quality of life. Such understanding ensures that the diagnostic and treatment are scientific, standardized, and timely. Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of AIS is reached after multiple discussions among spinal surgery experts, aiming to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.