Objective: To study the changes of ven tricular myosin light chain (VMLC) and its relation with heart remodeling in rhe umatic heart disease (RHD). Methods: Using Western blotting hybrid izat ion assay, we detected VMLC-1，VMLC-2 in 13 patients with RHD and 7 cases of accidental deathes. Results: As compared with the normal group, the contents of VMLC-1 , VMLC-2 were all decreased significantly in RHD patients, especially the VMLC-2. The ratio of VMLC-1/VMLC-2 in RHD patients varied from 1∶0.95 to 1∶0.61. Conclusion: The values of VMLC-1, VMLC-2 and the ratio of VMLC-1/VMLC-2 are all changed during the development of heart remodeling i n RHD patients, suggesting that these changes may exert a direct effect on the progressive deterioration of heart function.