Abstract:Objective：To investigate the regulatory effect of dissociative intracytoplasmic domain of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (LIFRα) subunit on the growth of HL-60 cells and the related signal transduction mechanism. Methods: The constructed recombinant plasmids pcDNA3.0-190CT2+3 and cDNA3.0-190CT3 were identified and transfected into HL-60 cells with liposome FuGene-6. Then the cells were cultured in a medium containing G-418 and the positive clones were selected. Immunohistochemical method and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of the target protein in HL-60 cells and the growth curve of the cells was plotted. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the phosphorylation levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) were assayed by Western blotting. Results: Western blotting detected the band of target protein and the cell line stably expressing the target protein was obtained. Compared with that of the wild type group, the cell sizes in 190CT2+3 and 190CT3 group were enlarged. The ratio of leaf cell number to the total cell number increased and the cell proliferation was slowed down. We also found that the expression of PCNA was decreased and the phosphorylation level of STAT3 was increased. Conclusion: The dissociative intracytoplasmic domain of LIFRα subunit can accelerate the differentiation of HL-60 cells, inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells, and activate signal molecule STAT3.

Abstract:Objective：To construct a recombinant multiepitope fusion polypeptide containing 6 HLA-A*0201 restricted CTL epitopes derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb.) antigens and express it in E.coli. Methods: The full-length sequence encoding 6 HLA-A*0201 restricted CTL epitopes were derived from Mtb. antigens Rv0309, Rv0173, and Ag85A, Ag85C; pan DR Th epitope(PADRE), Trojan peptide, and furin-sensitive linker RVKR were synthesized, amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), inserted into the expression vector pGEX-4T-1, and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3). After induced by isopropylthio-β-D-galactoside(IPTG), the recombinant protein expression was examined by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results: The recombinant multiepitope fusion polypeptide plasmid was successfully constructed and expressed(about 40 000) in E.coli BL21(DE3). Conclusion: The recombinant multiepitope fusion polypeptide may provide a basis for developing novel TB vaccine.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the relationship between HLA-DRB alleles and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in patients living in northern China. Methods: The HLA-DR genes of 40 PBC patients and 67 healthy controls were genotyped by using DNA microarray technique. The subjects in the 2 groups were matchable in their ages and gender ratios. Results: The frequency of HLA-DR7 was 50% in PBC patients, which was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (10.4%) (χ=20.77,P=0.000,RR=8.57) and those reported in another 2 literatures (23.2%, \[N=342, P=0.000\] and 29%, \[N=255, P=0.008\]). The frequency of HLA-DR8 was 22.5% in PBC patients, which was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (7.5%,\[χ=4.980,P=0.026,RR=3.60\]) and those reported in the other 2 literatures (11.2%, \[N=342, P=0.038\] and 10.2%, \[N=255, P=0.025\]). Conclusion: It is suggested that the morbidity of PBC in northern Chinese citizens is associated with HLA-DR7 and DR8. DR7 has not been reported in literatures outside China.

Abstract:Objective：To compare the mitochondrial content, the relative amount of mtDNA, and mitochondrial functions between the young and aging WI-38 cells, so as to investigate the correlation between mitochondrial and aging. Methods: Human embryonic lung diploid cell line WI-38 was cultured and its viability was assayed by MTT assay; the content of mitochondrial protein was determined using BCA-100 Protein Quantitative Analysis Kit after mitochondria were fractionated by differential centrifugation; mtDNA relative content was measured by a competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method; mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by flow cytometry; and NADH oxidase activity was measured by spectrophotometry. Results: Compared with the young cells, the aging cells had a longer time to form a monolayer, an obviously decreased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (by 50%), and a decreased NADH oxidase activity, with the maximal reaction speed declining from 66.73 nmol/（mg protein·min） to 36.01 nmol/（mg protein·min）. Mitochondrial content in the aging cells（\[0.78±0.02\] mg/ml） was higher than that in the young cells（\[0.56±0.03\] mg/ml）. Using 18S rDNA of nuclear as an internal reference, the relative amount of mtDNA in the aging cells （1.557±0.072） was found to be obviously higher than that in the young cells （1.292±0.068）.Conclusion: The increase of mitochondrial contents and mtDNA relative amounts in aging cells may be one of the compensatory mechanisms for decreased mitochondrial function, which may provide an evidence for studying the correlation between mitochondrial and aging.

Abstract:Objective：To study the influence of total salvianolic acid（TSA） on the renal interstitial fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats. Methods: Forty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups：the UUO group, sham-operation group, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)-treated group (positive control), and TSA-treated group. The rats in UUO group and sham-operation group received gastric gavage with normal saline for 8 days before operation; rats in ACEI-treated group and TSA-treated group received ACEI (6 mg/kg by daily gastric gavage for 8 days) and TSA (20 mg/kg by daily gastric gavage for 8 days), respectively. All rats were killed 7 days after operation and the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was detected by immunohistochemical method. The dynamic histological changes of renal interstitial tissues were observed by H-E and Masson staining．Results: TGF-β1 expression in TSA-treated (1.38±0.26) and ACEI-treated (1.38±0.26) groups was significantly lower than that in UUO group(P<0.05). TSA obviously reduced TGF-β1 expression and collagen deposition in the renal interstitial tissues and improved the renal pathological changes in UUO rats. Conclusion: TSA can evidently inhibit UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in rats, which might be related with the down regulation of TGF-β1 expression．

Abstract:Objective：To design and synthesize novel tetrahydroisoquinolines with anti-fungal activities. Methods: 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine was taken as the template and the title compounds were synthesized through Pictet-Spengler reaction, neutralization reaction, substitution, hydrolysis, and acylation. Results: Twelve title compounds were obtained and all of them were firstly reported. Besides, all the target compounds had anti-fungal activities. The anti-fungal activities of compounds 6~8 and 10~12 were similar to or stronger than that of fluconazole’s. Conclusion: Title compounds obtained in this study belong to a new type of anti-fungal agent, which deserves further study.

Abstract:Objective：To synthesize novel tetrahydroisoquinolines with both anti-fungal and contraceptive activities, so as to provide precursor structures for contraceptives with anit-fungal activities. Methods: 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine was taken as the template and the title compounds were synthesized through Pictet-Spengler reaction, neutralization reaction, substitution, hydrolysis, and acylation. The anti-fungal activity and sperm-killing activity of the target compounds were tested in vitro. Results: Fourteen title compounds were obtained and they were: 2-octyl-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride(1), 2-nonyl-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride(2), 2-decyl-6,7-dimethy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride(3), 2-dodecyl-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride(4), 2-dodecyl-6,7-diacetoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride(5), 2-pentyl-6,7-diacetoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(6), 2-hexyl-6,7-diacetoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(7), 2-heptyl-6,7-diacetoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(8), 2-octyl-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(9), 2-nonyl-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(10), 2-decyl-6,7-dimethy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(11), 2-dodecyl-6,7-dihydroxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(12), 2-tetradecyl-6,7-dihydroxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(13), and 2-cetyl-6,7-dihydroxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrobromide(14). Compounds 5-14 were firstly reported. It was found that all the 14 compounds had anti-fungal activity and 6 compounds also showed sperm-killing activities, with compounds 11,12 having the strongest activities. Conclusion: A group of novel compounds with both anti-fungal and contraceptive activities have been synthesized, which provide a precursor structure for developing new contraceptives with anti-fungal activities.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the relationship between electrophysiology and pathology changes in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) rats and to assess the value of electrophysiology in diagnosis of DPN. Methods: Twenty-four healthy male SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of streptozotocin to induce DPN models and the rats were subsequently divided into 3 groups, namely, the DPN model group, the low dose Tong-Luo composite recipe (TLCR) group, and the high dose TLCR group. Rats in the latter 2 groups were lavaged with 2 ml double-distilled water containing 0.5 g/kg and 2 g/kg TLCR for 8 weeks, respectively. Antother 8 healthy rats were taken as normal controls. The motor conduction velocity (MCV), sensory conduction velocity (SCV), and potential latency and amplitude of caudal nerves were measured after 8 weeks in all rats. Morphometric quantitative analysis was also performed. Results: Compared with normal control group, the MCV, SCV, and potential amplitude of the caudal nerve in DPN model group were decreased, but the potential latency was increased. After TLCR treatment, the above indices were significantly improved and were close to those of the normal control group. SCV of the low dosage group was still significantly lower than that of normal control group (P<0.05), that of high dose group was also lower than that of normal control group but with no statistical significance, and that of low dose group was significantly low than that of high dose group (P<0.05). Pathological examination showed that the myelinated nerve fiber positive area, myelin sheath area, and axon area in DPN model group were lower than those in the normal control group; the areas in treatment group were obviously increased compared with DPN model group. Compared with the low dose group, the high dose group had significantly larger myelinated nerve fiber positive area and myelin sheath area, but not axon area. The changes of the myelinated nerve fiber positive area and myelin sheath area were basically consistent to SCV changes in all groups, but the myelin sheath area of the high dose group were still smaller than that of the normal control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Myelinated nerve fiber positive area and myelin sheath area are the more sensitive markers of the course and therapeutic outcome of DPN. SCV can be used for initial estimation of myelinated nerve fiber density. SCV is closely related to the pathological changes of myelin sheath and can be used for clinical diagnosis of DPN, but should be reserved for patients with subclinical DPN and patients who have received high dose drug treatment.

Abstract:Objective：To observe thyroperoxidase (TPO) expression in fine needle aspirated thyroid tumor cells and to assess the value of TPO immunostaining in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Methods: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples and frozen tissue sections of 71 surgically resected thyroid tumor specimens were immunostained by with hTPO MoAb47. The staining results were considered positive if 80% or more thyroid cells were positively stained. Results: TPO expression levels in FNA samples and frozen tissue sections of malignant tumors were lower than those of benign tumors (P<0.01), and there was no difference in the results of FNA and frozen tissue sections. We also found that the TPO staining intensity of malignant tumors was markedly lower than that of benign tumors, with significant differences found between the mean densities, relative optic densities, and the intensities of staining color (all P<0.05), but with no significant difference found between the results of FNA samples and frozen tissue sections. TPO staining was positive in 20 of the 22 smears of the benign cystoma and in none of the 4 smears of malignant cystoid lesion (P<0.05). Taking the results of H-E staining as the control, the sensitivity of FNA samples was 95.74% and the specificity was 91.67%; of frozen tissue section were 100% and 66.47%; and of the cystoid lesions smears were 97.44% and 88.46%, respectively. Conclusion: TPO expression level is obviously higher in benign thyroid tumors than those in the malignant ones. FNA samples can be used for TPO immunocytochemistry staining as an adjuvant tool for distinguishing benign and malignant tumors.

Abstract:Objective：To study the expressions of human papillomavirus type 16/18-E6 (HPV16/18-E6 ), p53, and murine double minute-2 (MDM2) proteins in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and their relationship with the development/progression of LSCC. Methods: The expressions of HPV16/18-E6, p53, and MDM2 proteins were detected by immunohistochemical method in 72 LSCC specimens, 24 specimens of precancerous larynx, 15 specimens of vocal cord polyp, and 8 normal laryngeal specimens, and their relations with clinicopathological factors of LSCC were statistically analyzed. Results: The positive rates of HPV16/18-E6 protein in the normal laryngeal, vocal cord polyp, precancerous larynx, and LSCC specimens were 0(0/8), 6.7%(l/15), 12.5%(3/24), and 37.5%(27/72); of p53 protein were 0(0/8), 13.3%(2/15), 25.0%(6/24), and 52.8%(38/72); and of MDM2 protein were 0(0/8), 6.7%(l/15), 37.5%(9/24), and 70.8%(51/72), respectively. The expressions of HPV16/18-E6, p53, and MDM2 were significantly different between the vocal cord polyp, the precacerous larynx, and the LSCC (P<0.05). The positive rates of HPV16/18-E6 and MDM2 protein in LSCC specimens increased significantly with the increase of histopathological grades (Ⅰ-Ⅲ) (P< 0.05). The positive rates of HPV16/18-E6 protein were positively correlated with the clinical staging and lymph nodes metastasis of LSCC (P<0.05). The expression of p53 was positively correlated with the expression of HPV16/18-E6 and MDM2 in LSCC patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Inactivation of the p53 pathway and overexpression of HPV16/18-E6 and MDM2 may contribute to the genesis of human laryngeal cell carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression of P120 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas （ICCs） and its correlation with the clinicopathologic parameters and patients＇ survival. Methods： An immunohistochemical study was performed using Dako EnVision Kit to detect the expression of E-cadherin and P120-catenin in 42 ICC specimens. Results.. The expression of E-cadherin and P120 was reduced in 27 （64. 3%） specimens and 31 （73. 8%） specimens, respectively. The expression of E-cadherin and P120 was significantly correlated with the tumor histological grade （P= 0. 009 and P= 0. 003, respectively）, pTNM stage （P=0. 035 and P= 0. 004, respectively）, intrahepatic metastasis （P=0. 007 and P= 0. 041, respectively） , and patients＇survival periods （P = 0. 024 and P= 0. 004,respectively）. In addition, the expression oI P120 accorded with that of E-cadherin （P〈0. 001）. We also found that P120 expression and the tumor size were the independent prognostic factors for ICC patients by a Cox regression model. Conclusion： Down-regulation of E-cadherin and P120 expression occurs frequently in ICC patients, which might be associated with the progression and development of ICC. Both of them may be valuable biologic markers for predicting tumor invasion, metastasis and patients＇ survival, but only P120 was an independent prognostic factor for patients＇ survival.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α（HIF-1α） in HepG2 cells cultured under hypoxia for different time periods, and to assess its relationship with vascularization and cell apoptosis. Methods： HepG2 cells were cultured in a medium containing cobalt chloride （125μmol/L） for different time periods （ 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours ）. RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of HIF-1α mRNA,VEGF mRNA,and bcl-2 mRNA, and bax mRNA at the above time points; Western blot was used to determine the expression of Caspase-3 protein and the activity of Caspase-3 enzyme. Results： After 1-2 hour culture under hypoxia, the expression of HIF-1α mRNA, VEGF mRNA,and bcl-2 mRNA began to increase gradually, peaked at 4 h, and then decreased, but were still higher than that before culture. There was no obvious change in the expression of bax mRNA and the ratio of bcl-2 to bax mRNA expression had a similar change with that of bcl-2 mRNA expression. The changes of Caspase-3 protein/mRNA and Caspase-3 enzyme activity were contrary to that of HIF-1α. Conclusion： HIF-1α may inhibit the apoptosis of hepatic cancer ceils through regulating the expression of VEGF, hcl-2, bax, and Caspase-3, and the inhibition is related to the severity of hypoxia.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Objective：To study the influence of ablated cardiac fat pad on atrial fibrillation induced by a single extra-stimulus in dogs. Methods： Twenty-two dogs were anesthetized and their chest cavity was openned through a median sternotomy （2 dogs died of fibrillation immediately after opening） to expose the 3 cardiac fat pads： the medial superior vena cava and aortic root fat pad （SVC-Ao FP）, the right pulmonary vein-atrial junction fat pad （RPV FP）, and the inferior vena cava-left atrial junction fat pad （IVC-LA fat pad）. The atrial effective refractory period （AERP）, dispersion of AERP （dAERP）, and pulmonary vein effective refractory period（PVERP）were measured under baseline and after ablation of the 3 fat pads. The left superior pulmonary veins were stimulated by SiSlbursting stimulation and S1 S2 program stimulation to induce atrial fibrillation before and after ablation. Results： After ablation, AERP increased from （137＋16） ms to （147±16） ms and PVERP increased from （131±14） ms to （141±9） ms,while dAERP decreased from （17.0±4. 6） ms to （12.0±4. 3） ms （P〈0.05）. After ablation, SISa cycle length decreased from （ 173 ± 25） ms to （ 145 ±21） ms when used for restimulation after ablation（ P〈0. 05 ）. S1S2 could not induce AF again. Conclusion： Ablation of the 3 cardiac fat pad can influence the electrical remodeling of the atrial and the pulmonary vein,which may hamper the induction of atrial fibrillation.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the influence of 80 Hz electrical stimulus to nucleus accumbens （NAc） on the formation of conditioned place preference （CPP） induced by morphine in rats. Methods： Thirty male SD rats were evenly randomized into 3 groups： the morphine stimulation group, morphine-fake stimulation group, and normal control group. The CPP test was carried out under different situations in 3 groups. Five steps were included in the morphine stimulation and morphine-fake stimulation groups, namely, the pre-test, surgery, training, stimulation or fake stimulation, and test steps. Four steps were included in the control group, namely, the pre-test, surgery, training, and test steps. During the training step, rats in morphine stimulation group and morphine-fake stimulation were respectively injected with morphine and normal saline by turns everyday, and those in normal control group were injected with normal saline twice a day. During the stimulation step, 80 Hz electrical stimulus was applied to the NAc in the morphine stimulation group and the fake-stimulation group received no stimulation. The average stay periods in the white case during the period of pre-test and test were recorded and compared in the 3 groups. Results： The average stay in the white case of morphine-fake stimulation group was longer than that before training and that of the saline control group at the same step （P〈0.01）, suggesting that the model of morphine-induced psychological dependence was successfully established. The average stay of morphine stimulation group was longer than that of morphine-fake stimulation group （P〈0.01）, indicating that the electrical simulation greatly enhanced the drug-seeking behaviors of rats. Conclusion： 80 Hz electrical stimulation of bilateral NAc can obviously promote the formation of morphine-induced CPP behaviors in rats, indi- cating that the morphine-induced psychological dependence is strengthened under 80 Hz electrical stimulus.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of oral levothyroxine plus intrathyroidal injection of dexamethasone in conversion of overt hypothyroidism （OH） caused by Hashimoto＇ thyroiditis. Methods： Totally 356 patients with overt hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto＇ thyroiditis were evenly randomized into 2 groups. Patients in levothyroxine group were treated with oral levothyroxine for 12 months to maintain the normal serum levels of free T4, free T3, and sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH） ; patients in dexamethasone group were treated with oral levothyroxine plus intrathyroidal injection of dexamethasone （5 rng each time, once a week for 8 times, followed by once in 2 weeks for 4 times, finally once in 4 weeks for another 4 times）. Serum FT4, FT3, sensitive TSH, thyroglobulin antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone were determined before and 12 months after treatment. FT4 and sensitive TSH levels were regularly examined in patients. The recurrence of OH was deemed as the endpoint of the study and LT4 treatment was restored; if OH did not recur the patients were reevaluated till the end of the 16th weeks. Results： Sixteen weeks after the treatment, 12 （7 % ） patients in levothyroxine group had normal thyroid function, 21 （12 % ） had subclinical hypothyroidism, 141 （81%） had OH, and 4 patients withdrew from the study; in dexamethasone group the numbers were 35 （20%）, 32 （18 % ）, 108 （62 % ）, and 3, respectively. Compared with levothyroxine group, patients in dexamethasone group had an absolute benefit increase （ABI） of 6% from overt to subclinical hypothyroidism with a number need to treat （NNT） of 17, and had an ABI of 13% and an NNT of 8 from OH to normal thyroid function. Levothyroxine plus dexamethasone therapy was more effective in reducing goiter and lowering the levels of thyroid autoantibodies in serum. There were not serious side effects in both groups. Conelsion： Oral levothyroxine plus intrathyroidal injection of dexamethasone therapy is superior to oral levothyroxine thyerapy in conversing OH to subclinical hypothyroidism or normal thyroid function.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Objective：To explore the psychological factors influencing seasickness in different individuals, so as to provide guidelines for prevention and treatment of seasickness from psychological perspective. Methods： Medical undergraduate students （n=124） were subjected to the following tests before training on the sea： rod and frame apparatus, motion sickness history questionnaire, seasickness self-efficacy scale, body vigilance scale, EPQ, and state-trait anxiety inventory. The total number of valid questionnaires was 123. During sailing the seasickness state of students was assessed by Graybiel＇s diagnostic criteria based on their seasickness symptoms and signs. Results： Among the 123 students 75 had seasickness and 48 did not have. Single factor analysis showed that motion sickness history and seasickness self-efficacy were statistically significant（P〈0. 001）. Binary logistic regression analysis also showed motion sickness history and seasickness self-efficacy were statistically significant （P〈 0.05）, indicating they were the important psychological factors influencing the development of seasickness. Conclusion： Motion sickness history and seasickness self-efficacy may provide important guidelines for psychological training on anti- seasickness.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Objective：To examine the influence of exam stress on the sustained attention of students with different levels of trait anxiety. Methods： With the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory （STAI）, 10 students with high trait anxiety （high trait anxiety group, H group） and 10 with non-high trait anxiety （non-high trait anxiety group, NH group） were randomly sampled from 400 students taking the coming College English Test-Band 4 （CET-4）. Their attention was measured with digit cancellation test and the event related potentials during the control phase （the period was chosen 2 weeks after the beginning of the semester and there was no examination in the following 3 months） and the stress phase （ from 2 weeks to 1 day before CET-4 examination）. Results： The right cancellation number of the NH group was higher than that of the H group（P=8. 178, P=0. 007）. During the control phase the P300 amplitude and latency were similar between the 2 groups （F= 0. 125, 0. 127, respectively; P= 0. 728, 0. 726, respectively）. During stress phase the P300 amplitude of the H group was significantly lower than that of the NH group（F=12. 913, P=0. 002）and the P300 latency of the H groups was longer than that of the NH group（P=16. 952, P=0. 001）. In NH group, the P300 latency in the stress phase was significantly shorter than that of the control phase （F= 6. 514,P=0. 020）. Conclusion： Exam stress has different influences on the sustained attention of people with different levels of trait anxiety, which suggests that people with high trait anxiety are the target population for stress management.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression of resistin （Retn） gene in the adipose tissues of obese mouse and its influence on the skeletal muscle glucose uptake, in an effort to understand the correlation between obese, resistin, and insulin resistance. Methods： The obese and insulin resistance model was induced with high-fat diet in C57BL/6J mice. Twenty-two weeks later the Lee＇s index （BMI） and the concentrations of blood glucose and plasma insulin were determined. Glucose tolerance test was carried out to verify the appearance of insulin resistance and the impair to glucose tolerance, with normal mice taken as control. Retn mRNA expression in the adipose tissues of model mice （n= 10） and control mice （n= 5） was detected by Real-time RT-PCR. The resultant resistin protein was co-cultured with mouse skeletal muscle to assess its influence on glucose uptake. Results： An obese and insulin resistance mouse model was successfully induced with high fat diet. The Retn gene expression in adipose tissues was significantly higher in the obese mice than that in normal control mice（P〈0.01）. The resultant resistin protein had a significant inhibitory effect on the glucose uptake by skeletal muscle with or without insulin（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： It is suggested that the overexpression of Retn gene might be one of the reasons responsible for the decrease of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and the subsequent insulin resistance in the diet-induced obese mice.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Objective： To study the preparation technique for magnetic poly D,L-lactide-co-glycolide phenylarsine oxide nanoparticles （M-PLGA-PAO-NPs） and to characterize the resultant product. Methods： M-PLGA-PAO-NPs were prepared by using emulsion-evaporation process. The morphology of the prepared nanoparticles were observed by transmission electron microscope and the magnetism of the particles was determined by vibrating sample magnetometer. Meanwhile, we also evaluated the mean diameter, encapsulation ratio, and drug loading rate of the particles. Results： The nanoparticles had a regular spherical surface, with 80% of them having a diameter of 140-500 nm. We also found that the drug loading rate of the particles was 3.2% and the mean encapsulation ratio was 34. 2%. The drug had satisfactory magnetic property. Conclusion： Our method can obtain M-PLGA-PAO-NP with satisfactory quality, it is simple-to-use and the prepared particles can meet the requirement of pharmaceutics.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Objective：To validate the therapeutic value of CT-guided percutaneous ethanol injection （PEI） in the treatment of metastatic adrenal tumors. Methods： Thirty-one loci （diameter ranging from 1.5 cm to 7.2 cm） in 25 patients with metastatic adrenal tumors were treated with CT-guided PEI for more than twice. Plain and enhanced CT scans were performed 1-2 months after PEI to observe the size and necrosis of the tumors. Results： Post-PEI enhanced CT scan showed that 18 of the 20 loci with diameters less than 3 cm completely necrotized; 11 loci with diameters between 3 cm and 7.2 cm necrotized partially, and 2 loci completely necrotized after another 2-3 courses of PEI treatment. Conclusion： CT-guided PEI is a simple and minimally invasive means for treatment of metastatic adrenal tumors, and the therapeutic effect is satisfactory.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Objective：To validate the clinical value of CT-guided curve-needle percutaneous ethanol injection （CNPEI） for celiac plexus block analgesia. Methods： Thirty-two patients with end-stage cancer, including 13 complicated with extensive retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement and fusion, were enrolled in this study. All patients complained of refractory upper abdominal pain and had received narcotic analgesics and radiotherapy, but the analgesic effect was not good. CT-guided CNPEI was therefore prescribed. Results： The effective rates of CT-guided CNPEI were 100;, 100;, 96.9;, 90.6%, 87.5%, and 84.4% immediately,and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks after treatment, respectively. All enlarged lymph nodes had obvious necrosis and became shrunk. Conclusion： Combined application of bilateral anterior and posterior diaphragmatic crura block and trans-lymph node block can produce good analgesic effects, and curve-needle puncture make the above technique simpler.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Objective： To introduce our experience on treatment of melanoma metastasis to lymph nodes by percutaneous radiofrequency ablation combined with microwave coagulation therapy under contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance and to assess the subsequent clinical efficacy. Methods： The 64 years old male patient with right sole melanoma had an enlarged right inguinal lymph node and received surgical resection twice within 9 months. During the following 2-7 months, more than 20 enlarged lymph nodes appeared along the right iliac artery and right lower limb, complicated with lower limb swelling. Surgical resection was ruled out due to the involvement of the iliac artery and the great number of the enlargements. Chemotherapy and Chinese herb medication were proven to be less effective, then a combined thermotherapy by radio frequency ablation （CelonLab-ENT, Germany） and microwave coagulation （YWY-2T, China） was employed percutaneously under the guidance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the treatment. The patient was followed up for 6 months. Results： Intra- and post-operation contrast-enhanced ultrasound scanning and biopsy pathology showed avascularity, necrosis, and atrophy in all the treated lymph nodes, with no obvious complications. The general condition of the patient was good and there was no new lesion found in other sites, except a few ones still receiving ablation in the right lower limb. Conclusion： Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation combined with microwave coagulation therapy under the guidance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound shows a stable killing effect for melanoma metastasis to lymph nodes in this patient, without obvious complications, and should be considered for more clinical applications.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Angiotensin-Ⅱ-induced apoptosis was widely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, etc. The mechanism of angiotensin-Ⅱ-induced apoptosis is complicated, including the receptor （AT1R and AT2R） level regulation, Fas/FasL pathway, and the regulation by p53 family, Bcl-2 family, Caspase family, Ang-（1-7）, etc. Mitochondria damage and oxidative damage play important roles in the apoptosis process. This article reviews the previous researches on angiotensin-Ⅱ-induced apoptosis.[著者文摘]

Abstract:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR）, a member of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, has 3 subtypes, namely, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ; among them PPARγ plays an important role in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and blood pressure controlling. This article reviews the relationship between PPARγ and diabetic nephropathy.[著者文摘]

Abstract:目的：探讨靶向超声介导VEGF165基因联合抗细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）单克隆抗体治疗大鼠心肌缺血的有效性。方法：60只雄性SD大鼠经冠状动脉左前降支阻断法制备急性心肌缺血模型后，随机分为3组，每组各20只。超声介导治疗组采用超声破坏微泡造影剂的方法，经大鼠尾静脉输入含VEGF165cDNA及抗ICAM-1单克隆抗体的造影剂1ml；单纯联合治疗组仅输注等量的VEGF165cDNA及抗ICAM-1单克隆抗体混合物；对照组注射生理盐水1ml。每组分别于24h和14d后处死动物，分别行坏死区中性粒细胞计数、梗死心肌质量百分比测定，免疫组织化学法检测坏死区心肌VEGF蛋白表达，毛细血管染色法对坏死心肌进行新生血管计数。结果：心肌缺血24h后，坏死边缘区中性粒细胞计数超声介导治疗组〈单纯联合治疗组〈对照组（P〈0．01）；心肌缺血24h和14d后，超声介导治疗组梗死心肌质量百分比均低于单纯联合治疗和对照组（P〈0．05）；心肌缺血14d后，超声介导治疗组中可见大量VEGF阳性反应的棕褐色颗粒，而单纯联合治疗组相对减少，对照组心肌中仅有极少量。心肌缺血14d后，超声介导治疗组毛细血管密度〉单纯联合治疗组〉对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：靶向超声介导VEGF165 cDNA联合抗ICAM-1单克隆抗体可明显提高缺血心肌局部药物浓度，促进心肌功能恢复。[著者文摘]

Abstract:目的：采用反相高效液相色谱（RP—HPLC）内标法测定培养的猪肝细胞利多卡因浓度，以初步评价球体培养的猪肝细胞利多卡因代谢功能。方法：采用原位胶原酶循环灌注法分离猪肝细胞，以1×10^7／ml密度接种至无血清培养基中，分别采用球体培养法和贴壁培养法培养0～7d。分别于培养0、1、3、5、7d在培养液中加入利多卡因100ng／ml。用锥虫蓝拒染试验检测培养肝细胞的活率；在倒置显微镜下观察肝细胞形态；采用RP—HPLC内标法测定培养24h后上清液中利多卡因浓度。结果：培养3～7d，球体培养组肝细胞活率高于贴壁培养组（P％0．05）。球体培养24h后80％～90％的肝细胞形成多细胞球形聚集体。培养1～7d，球体培养组利多卡因浓度低于贴壁培养组（P〈0．05）；两组在培养第3天时利多卡因浓度最低。结论：RP—HPLC内标法可用于测定培养的猪肝细胞利多卡因浓度，方法灵敏、准确、快速。高密度下球体培养猪肝细胞利多卡因代谢功能高于贴壁培养，以培养第3天为最强。[著者文摘]

Abstract:目的：观察和评价奥卡西平治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效和安全性。方法：对32例原发性三叉神经痛患者采取奥卡西平单药治疗开放性自身对照。以视觉模拟评分法（VAS）比较治疗前及治疗后1周和2个月的疼痛程度。结果：奥卡西平治疗前VAS为80．3±6．9，服药1周后VAS为31．9±5．4，2个月后VAS为14．7±9．2，三者两两比较差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。3例出现一过性不良反应：头晕、恶心和疲乏。结论：奥卡西平治疗原发性三叉神经痛疗效好，不良反应轻微。[著者文摘]

Abstract:目的：探讨老年肾活检的安全性、并发症及肾小球及小管、间质疾病的病理与临床特点。方法：采用B超定位下经皮肾活检，观察其并发症并对确诊的34例老年（60岁以上）肾小球、肾小管及肾间质疾病进行分析。结果：34例老年患者中原发性肾小球肾炎19例（55．8％），继发性肾小球肾炎10例（29．4％），小管间质性肾炎3例（8．8％），药物性肾损害1例（2．9％），其他1例（2．9％）。原发性肾小球肾炎中膜性肾病8例（42．1％），其他依次为：新月体肾炎3例（15．8％），系膜增生性肾炎2例（10．5％），IgA肾病2例（10．5％），局灶节段性肾小球硬化2例（10．5％）和膜增生性肾小球肾炎2例（10．5％）；继发性肾小球肾炎中淀粉样变性4例（36．4％），糖尿病肾病2例（18．2％），显微镜下型多血管炎1例（9．1％），紫癜性肾炎1例（9．1％），乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎1例（9．1％），肿瘤相关性肾病1例（9．1％）；原发性肾小球肾炎的临床类型肾病综合征17例（89．5％），其中单纯性肾病12例，肾炎性肾病5例；其他为单纯性血尿或蛋白尿2例；急性肾小管坏死2例；34例老年人肾穿临床与病理诊断相符率，原发性肾小球疾病为94．7％，继发性肾小球疾病为80．0％，其他为80．0％；34例患者肾活检1例（2．9％）发生肉眼血尿，2例（5．9％）有肾周围血肿，与非老年人相比发生率也未见明显增加。结论：老年原发性肾小球肾炎中膜性肾病为最常见的病理类型，继发性肾小球肾炎主要为淀粉样变性。原发性肾小球肾炎的临床类型以肾病综合征为主。老年肾脏疾病经皮肾活检是安全的，对患者的临床诊断和指导治疗是有益的。[著者文摘]

Abstract:目的：观察干扰素α-2b（IFNα-2b）对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞生长增殖及端粒酶活性的影响，探讨其在瘢痕疙瘩治疗中的作用机制。方法：取来自8例瘢痕疙瘩和8例正常皮肤的标本进行成纤维细胞原代培养，第3～4代的细胞用于实验。分别于24、48、72、96、120h以浓度为50、500、5000、10000和20000IU／ml干扰素α-2b作用于体外培养的瘢痕疙瘩和正常皮肤成纤维细胞，细胞计数和MTT法检测成纤维细胞生长增殖情况，PCR—ELISA法检测不同处理浓度和时间成纤维细胞端粒酶活性。结果：5000、10000及20000IU／ml IFNα-2b对瘢痕疙瘩和正常皮肤成纤维细胞有生长抑制作用，可明显下调成纤维细胞端粒酶活性，和对照组相比其差异具有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）；经浓度为10000IU／ml IFNα-2b处理，在72、96、120h，处理组细胞生长明显受到抑制、端粒酶活性明显降低，与对照组比较其差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；且呈现出明显的剂量-效应和时间-效应关系。结论：作为一个负性调节因子，干扰素α-2b能抑制瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞的生长增殖，降低成纤维细胞端粒酶活性是其重要作用机制之一。[著者文摘]

Abstract:目的：探讨迷走胰腺的临床诊断与外科治疗要点，提高迷走胰腺的外科诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析1996年1月至2006年2月我院收治的32例经病理证实的迷走胰腺病例资料，对其临床诊断及外科处理进行分析，并结合文献讨论。结果：32例迷走胰腺中梗阻型6例，出血型2例，溃疡型2例，肿瘤型6例，憩室型1例，隐匿型15例。术前经胃镜及超声内镜发现12例，其中7例直接确诊，另外5例误诊。其余20例均在手术中意外发现。治疗以胃部分切除术、肠切除术及肿块切除为主。手术后，由迷走胰腺引起的临床症状均缓解。结论：迷走胰腺临床表现复杂多样，常易被误诊和漏诊，内镜下活检是最有效的术前诊断方法，但取材要深达黏膜下或肌层，否则易出现假阴性。当症状明显时，应积极手术治疗。[著者文摘]

Abstract:目的：总结9例食管癌、贲门癌术后胸内消化道瘘的诊疗经验。方法：2001年1月至2006年1月共612例患者行食管癌、贲门癌切除加食管-胃或食管-空肠胸内吻合术，术后9例患者经美蓝试验确诊发生胸内消化道瘘。其中，2例患者急诊行二次剖胸手术治疗，其余7例采用保守治疗。所有患者均进行充分的脓腔、胃液引流，持续的胸腔冲洗，并采用肠内营养保证充足的营养支持。结杲：胸内消化道瘘患者临床表现无特殊，B超、X线表现为术侧或双侧胸腔积液或液气胸，确诊依赖于口服美蓝试验。胸内消化道瘘发生率为1．47％（9／612），其中吻合口瘘6例（0．98％，6／612），胃壁瘘3例（0．49％，3／612）。9例患者消化道瘘闭合时间9～98d，平均（38．9±5．6）d；住院时间24～196d，平均（79．1±8．2）d；2例二次开胸手术患者术后瘘口愈合时间以及住院时间均低于平均水平。9例患者均临床治愈，无死亡病例。结论：食管癌、贲门癌术后胸内消化道瘘一经确诊，在严格掌握手术适应证的前提下，提倡早期行二次开胸手术，同时必须注意充分脓腔引流和适当胸腔冲洗，并进行有效的营养支持，可取得较为满意的临床疗效。[著者文摘]

Abstract:目的：评价改良菱形皮瓣修复面部皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法：自1998年以来，应用改良菱形皮瓣修复面部皮肤缺损64例。其中缺损位于面颊部26例，鼻部24例，额部14例。缺损面积最小0．5cm×0．8cm，最大2．5cm×3．0cm。结果：皮瓣全部成活，切口Ⅰ期愈合，术后随访3个月至1年，瘢痕不明显，美容效果满意。结论：此方法具有操作简单，血运可靠，转动灵活，切口瘢痕不明显等优点，美容效果良好。对于面部直接缝合张力大或可能引起面部器官移位的创面修复，是比较理想的方法。[著者文摘]