Abstract:子宫切除大多是由于产科并发症危及产妇生命时采取的重要抢救方法，在临床上并不多见，其中主要为产后出血。子宫切除术是治疗产后大出血、抢救孕产妇生命的一项措施和手段。我院产科1995年1月至2005年6月共收治孕产妇9773例，其中因产后出血行子宫切除术患者6例，发生率为0．06％。本研究对这6例经保守治疗不能控制产后大出血而行子宫切除患者的临床资料进行分析，并将结果报告如下。[第一段]

Abstract:Traditionally, spinal cord injuries are conceived unrepairable because the injured neurons can not regenerate. However, recent studies proved that axons of the central nerves system could regenerate under some specified conditions. Inspiring results had been obtained in several milestone researches at organ, cell and molecule levels. Currently a consensus has been reached in the neurology circle that spinal cord injuries are repairable, but the past studies had shortcomings such as defective experiment designing and unsatisfactory repeatability. This article reviews the advance in the repair methods of spinal cord injury, providing reference for future studies

Abstract:Traditional operation for esophageal cancer includes esophagectomy and digestive tract reconstruction, which is associated with more postoperative complications and high mortalities due to severe trauma. Endoscopic surgery （including thoracoscope, mediastinoscope, and laparoscope） for radical resection of esophageal cancer has mild operative trauma, less bleeding and mild postoperative pain, resulting in less postoperative complications and low mortalities. This article analyzes the current status of endoscopic surgery in radical operation of esophageal cancer and the existing problems, providing reference for the development of minimally invasive surgery of esophageal cancer

Abstract:Objective： To investigate the promoting effect of nerve regeneration factor （NRF） on nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in rats. Methods： Thirty Sprague-Dawely rats, including 15 females and 15 males, were equally randomized into 3 groups： low dose NRF group, high dose NRF group and control group. Rats＇ sciatic nerves were injured by crushing and sciatic function index （SFI） was determined by walking tract analysis at days 10, 15 and 20 after crushing. Then sciatic nerves on both sides were dissociated for electrophysiology study and the recovery rate of nerve conduction velocity （NCV） was calculated. Then, 2 rats were randomly selected from each group and the ultrastructure of regenerated sciatic nerves was observed by electron microscope. Meanwhile, the spinal cord segments （L4-L6）, the distal site of injured sciatic nerve and the injured gastrocnemius muscle in other rats were observed by light microscope. The count of motor neurons of anterior hom, the number of myelinated fibers, the transverse section area of gastrocnemius muscle cells and other parameters were determined. Results： At day 10 after crushing, SFI scores had no significant difference between 3 groups; at day 15 after crushing, SFI score of high dose NRF group was significantly higher than that of the control group （P〈0.01）; at day 20 after crushing, SFI scores of 2 NRF groups were significantly higher than those of the control group （P〈0. 01, P〈0. 05）. At day 20 after crushing, the recovery rates of NCV in the high dose group, the low dose group and the control group were （57±26） %, （44±15） % and （31±9）%, respectively, with significant difference between the high dose group and the control group （P〈0. 05）. Compared with the control group, the high dose group had more mature myelinated nerve fibers and less degenerated nerve fibers. In the high dose group, the layout of regenerated nerve fibers was dense and well-arranged, the gastrocnemius muscle cells was well alive and neatly arranged, and the bilateral motor neurons of anterior hom was more close to each other. The numbers of motor neurons of anterior hom and myelinated nerve fibers in high dose group were significantly higher than those in control group （P〈0.05, P〈0. 01 ） ; the transverse section areas of gastrocnemius muscle cells in both NRF groups were significantly higher than those in the control group （P〈0.01 ,P〈0.05）. Conclusion： NRF can promote the regeneration of peripheral nerves and improve the recovery of their function

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of immunosuppression treatment on peripheral nerve injury and regeneration in rats. Methods; Forty-nine SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups： sciatic nerve （in the middle of left thigh） forcepscrushing＋ cyclophosphane, transecting ＋ cyclophosphane, resecting groups ＋ cyclophosphane, forceps-crushing ＋ normal saline, transecting＋ normal saline, resecting groups＋ normal saline, and blank control groups. Cyclophosphane and normal saline were intraperitoneally injected into rats post-operatively. Peripheral nerve regeneration and its related function were assessed by walking track analysis,electrophysiology and histomorphology; immunohistochemistry method was used to evaluate the local autoim- mune reactions 12 weeks after operation. Results： Cyclophosphane treated animals had higher scores of sciatic function index （SFI） compared to animals in the corresponding normal saline groups. The electrophysiological （nerve conduction velocity） and morphological examinations showed better regeneration of the myelinated axons in immunosuppression treated animals compared to the corresponding normal saline groups. The immunohistochemistry showed that the intensities of the local immunological response in immunosuppression groups were obviously lower as compared to the corresponding normal saline groups. Conclusion： There is local autoimmune reaction in post traumatic nerve regeneration and this autoimmune reaction may influence nerve regeneration. Cyclophosphane treatment can suppress this autoimmune reaction and improve the micro-environment for nerve regeneration

Abstract:Objective. To investigate the influence of allogeneic spleen tissue transplantation with low-dose FKS06 on allograft tolerance in rats receiving orthotopic liver transplant and the related mechanism. Methods： Female Brown Norway （BN） rats were divided into 5 groups （eight rats in each group）. Rats in Group 1 received orthotopic allogeneic liver transplantation using inbred Lewis rats as donors. Rats in Group 2 received Lewis liver transplantation＋ low-dose FK-506 （0.25 mg/kg FK-506 was orally given after transplantation）. Rats in Group 3 received Lewis liver transplantation＋ Lewis spleen transplantation. Rats in Group 4 received Lewis liver transplantation＋ Lewis spleen transplantation＋ low-dose FK-506. Rats in Group 5 received Lewis liver＋SD spleen transplantation＋low-dose FK-506. The survival periods were recorded for each group. The forming of chimerism, the responsiveness of T cells to alloantigen and the pathological changes of transplanted liver were analyzed after treatment. Results： Compared with rats in other groups, rats in Group 4 had an obviously longer survival time, an obviously reduced T cell responsiveness to alloantigen, and obviously increased donoro-positive cells （remained for 60 days after transplantation） （P〈0.05）. There was no significant pathological evidence of rejection. Conclusion： Allogeneic spleen transplantation combined with low-dose FKS06 treatment can induce graft immune tolerance in orthotopic allogeneic liver transplant recipients through promoting the formation of chimerism and T cells hyporesonsiveness to alloantigen

Abstract:Objective： To express and purify bioactive recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-20 （rhFGF-20）protein and to prepare its polyclonal antisera. Methods： FGF 20 cDNA was amplified from human prostate tissue by RT-PCR and was subcloned into expression vector pET-24a, which was then transformed into the E. coli DE3. Expression of rhFGF-20 protein was induced in E. coli DE3 and the protein was purified by Ni2＋-NTA His-Bind Resins. The purity and biological activity of rh FGF-20 protein were determined by SDS-PAGE and cell-proliferation assay, respectively. Two New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with rhFGF-20 protein to prepare polyclonal antisera and the titer of antibody was determined by double diffusion test. Results： rhFGF-20 protein was efficiently expressed in E. coli DE3 in the form of inclusion body and homogeneous protein was obtained after purification with Ni2-NTA His Bind Resins. Cell proliferation assay indicated that rhFGF-20 dose-dependently （50-5 000 ng/ml） promoted fibroblast cells proliferation. The prepared polyclonal antisera, with a titer of I ： 32, had immunoreatlon with hFGF-20. Conclusion： The expressed rhFGF-20 protein can stimulate the proliferation of fibroblast cells and the prepared antisera are antigen specific

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the expression of recombined human immunoglobulin X light chain 022 and TOM1 gene and to determine the protein expression of HSIGVL022 in omental adipose tissues of patients with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance（T2DM-IR）. Methods： Fat tissues from greater omentum of T2DM-IR patients and normal controls were obtained. The mRNA levels of recombined human immunoglobulin λ light chain 022 and TOM1 were measured by fluorescent quantitative RTPCR;expression of HSIGVL022 protein was identified by immunohistochemistry. Results： The mRNA levels of HSIGVL022 and TOM1 in T2DM-IR patients were （34 140±6 160） copy/million house-keeping genes and （4 440±617） copy/million housekeeping genes, respectively; those in control group were （5 930-661） copy/million house-keeping genes and （1 360±82） cop- y/million house-keeping genes,respectively. There were significant difference between the 2 groups （P〈0. 05）. The mRNA level of HSIGVL022 was significantly higher than that of TOMI（P〈0.01） and was linearly correlated with homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance（HOMA-IR） index（P〈0.05）. The positive rates of HSIGVL022 protein in T2DM-IR and control group were （12.43±2.41） % and （2.31±0.48） %, respectively; the strong positive rates were （6.62! 1.69）% and （2.12±0.34）%, respectively（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Both HSIGVL022 and TOM1 are expressed in the fat tissues of greater omenturn,with the level of HSIGVL022 higher than that of TOM1. The 2 genes are up-regulated in patients with insulin resistance and the HSIGVL022 protein increases correspondingly. The mRNA level of HSIGVL022 is linearly correlated with HOMA-IR index. The 2 genes are possibly related with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the protective effect of activated AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） on the human umbilical vein endothelial cell（HUVEC） damage induced by palmatlc acid （PA） and the related mechanism. Methods： HUVEC were divided into 8 groups according to the culture media （cultured for 24 to 72 h）： blank control （conventional culture）, 300 μmol/L PA, 1 mmol/L aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-l-beta-ribofuranoside （AICAR）, PA＋ AICAR, 2 mmol/L metformin, PAq-metformin, 10 btmol/L pioglitazone, and PAq-pioglitazone groups. Survival rates of HUVEC were determined by MTT at 24, 48 and 72 h after culture. Western blot were performed to detect the expression of phospha-AMPK at 24 h after culture. Results： Compared with blank control group, cell survival rates in PA group were decreased by 58.95M, 36.68% and 15.09M at 24, 48 and 72 h（P〈0.05）, respectively. Seventy-two hours after culture, HUVEC survival rates of AICAR-t-PA group, Metnt-pA group and PGZ＋PA group were obviously higher than that of PA group （P〈0.05） ; AICAR, metformin or pioglita- zone alone had no obvious influence on HUVEC survival rate. Twenty-four hours after culture, Phospha-AMPK expression was increased in AICAR, metforrnin and pioglitazone groups compared with that of control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： AICAR, metformin and pioglitazone can decrease the damage of HUVEC induced by PA, possibly through activating AMPK

Abstract:Objeetive..To investigate the effect of high-volume hemofiltration （HVHF） on serum levels of IL-6 and pulmonary expression of IL-6 mRNA in pigs with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome （MODS）. Methods： Twenty-five pigs were randomly divided into model group, control group and HVHF group. Animals in control group were injected with normal saline, and those in the other 2 groups were treated with ＂a second hit＂ to establish MODS model, then animals in HVHF group was treated with HVHF for 3 days. Serum IL-6 levels were determined by ELISA and Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression level of IL-6mRNA. Lymphocyte apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry. Results： After HVHF, the serum indices associated with organ-function and the morbidity and mortality were much lower than those in MODS model group （P〈0.05）. The expression level of IL-6 mRNA in lung was reduced significantly in HVHF group com- pared with that in model group （P〈0.05）; moreover, the lymphocyte apoptosis rate was also significantly decreased compared with model group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion.. Early HVHF can decrease the high serum levels of IL-6 and the over-expression of IL-6 mRNA in lungs caused by trauma; it can also decrease the lymphocyte apoptosis rate, so as to prevent the incidence of lung failure

Abstract:Objective：To detect the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in human prostatic carcinoma and explore the role of CXCR4 in prostate cancer. Methods： Forty-five prostatic carcinoma specimens and 10 prostate hyperplasia specimens were immunohistochemically stained for CCR1,CCR3 ,CXCR4 and CCR5 expression. SDF-1 concentrations were measured by ELISA and PSA concentrations were measured by immune luminescence in the sera of patients. Results： CXCR4 expression was detected in prostatic carcinoma tissues （the positive rate was 55.5%） but not in prostate hyperplasia. The positive rate of CXCR4 was 61.2% when PSA concentrations 〉20 ng/ml and was 42.8% when PSA concentrations 〈20 ng/ml. SDF-1 concentrations in the patients with prostate carcinoma increased significantly compared to patients with prostate hyperplasia（P〈0.01）. Conclusion.. CXCR4 is expressed in human prostatic carcinoma, and it may play an important role in the development,advancement and metastasis of human prostatic carcinoma

Abstract:Objective：To study the influence of agouti signal protein （ASIP） on melanocyte function in skin autograft, so as to understand the cause of hyperpigmentation in skin autograft. Methods： Guinea pigs were used to establish a skin autograft hyperpigmentation model. The skin autografts in model animals were injected with ASIP or normal saline （control）. RT-PCR technique was used to detect the tyrosinase mRNA expression in melanocytes of skin autografts and Masson-Fontana staining technique was used to detect the melanin contents in skin autografts in ASIP treatment group; and the results were compared with those of control group （n= 13） and normal guinea pigs （n= 5）. Results： The expression of tyrosinase mRNA and the melanin content in skin autografts in ASIP treatment group were both lower than those of control group and normal guinea pigs （P〈 0.01）. Conclusion： The results indicate that ASIP can antagonize the melanogenic effect of α-MSH, resulting in reduced pigmentation in skin autografts. It is also indicated that overexpression of α-MSH in epidermal cells after skin grafting is an important cause of hyperpigmentation in skin autografts

Abstract:Objeetive ： To evaluate the role of amiodarone in preventing atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG）. Methods： Totally 184 patients receiving CABG under cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） were randomly divided into amiodarone group （n= 94） and placebo group （n= 90）, and patients in each group were further divided into ≥ 60 years and 60 years subgroups. Patients in amiodarone group received routine drugs ＋ amiodarone and those in placebo group received routine drugs ＋ placebo. Results： The overall incidence of postoperative AF （paroxysmal and persistent） was significantly higher in the placebo group compared with the amiodarone group （32.20% vs 6.4%, P〈0.01, OR=7.0）. The incidences of postoperative AF were similar in patients aged 〈60 years between the placebo group and the amiodarone group, but were significantly different in patients aged ≥ 60 （P〈0. 05 or P〈0.01）. The postoperative AF incidence was significantly different between 2 age subgroups （P〈0. 05 or P〈0.01） in the placebo group, but not in amiodarone group. Conclusion： Amiodarone can effectively prevent post-operative AF, especially for patients aged ≥ 60 years. Amiodarone should be recommended to patients re- ceiving CABG who aged ≥ 60 years

Abstract:Objective： To investigate the relationship between the prevalence of anemia and New York Heart Association （NYHA） class in patients with chronic heart failure （CHF）, and to assess the influence of hemoglobin （Hb） on patients＇ mortality. Methods： Totally 1 415 patients with CHF were retrospectively analyzed and the patients with secondary anemia or other serious conditions were excluded. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to assess the effect of Hb level on hospital mortality. Results： Among 1 415 patients, 413 （29.2%） were found to have anemia （Hb〈120 g/L）. The prevalence of anemia was positively correlated with the NYHA-class of patients （ NYHA-class I 17. 9% [5/28], class Ⅱ 24. 7% [125/507] , class Ⅲ 26.3% [151/574], and class Ⅳ 43.1% [132/306]. Patients with severe heart failure （ NYHA-class Ⅲ and IV [32.2%]） had a significantly higher prevalence of anemia than patients with slight heart failure （class I and Ⅱ [24.3%], P〈0.01）. Patients with a Hb level of （140-159） g/L had the lowest hospital mortality, and those with Hb levels 〈80 g/L, （80-99） g/L, （100- 119） g/L, （120-139） g/L, and≥160 g/L had higher hospital mortalities. The relationship between mortality and Hb level was in a U-shaped manner. For patients with Hb level 〈160 g/L, multivariable logistic analysis showed that Hb remained as an in- dependent predictor of the hospital mortality when the influences of the age, gender, basic cause of the disease, diabetes, cardiac function classification, serum creatinine, etc. were adjusted. Conclusion： Anemia is a common condition in hospitalized CHF patients and the degree of anemia is closely correlated with the severity of CHF. Hb level significantly influences the patients＇ hospital mortality. Hb level （〈160 g/L） is an independent predictor of hospital mortality in the patients with CHF.

Abstract:Objective：To assess the value of two-dimensional chemical shift imaging magnetic resonance spectroscopy （2 D CSI ^1 H-MRS） in diagnosis of ring-enhancing intracerebral lesions. Methods： Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations were analyzed retrospectively in 62 patients with ring-enhancing intracerebral lesions （confirmed by clinical or histopathologic findings）, including 20 gliomas, 18 metastatic tumors, 16 brain inflammations, and 8 radiation damages. The appearance rate of lactate （Lac） was analyzed and the concentrations of choline （Cho）, N-acetyl aspartate （NAA）, creatine （Cr） and NAA/Cho, Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr ratios in the enhancing regions were calculated （including the inside of enhancing regions ） . Results： （1）There was no difference in appearance rate of Lac among the 4 groups. （2）NAA/Cho ratios in the glioma, metastatic tumor, inflammation and radiation damage group were 0.43±0.32, 0.69±0.29, 1.26±0.53 and 0. 63±0. 34, respectively, with that of the glioma group being significantly lower than those of the other 3 groups（P〈 0.05）. When NAA/Cho ratio is less than 0.4, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value （PPV） and negative predictive value （NPV） of MRS for high-grade glioma were 80.2%, 77.4%, 71.5% and 89.4%, respectively, all higher than those of MRI, but lower than those of MRI combined with MRS. （3）The concentrations of Cr in glioma, inflammation and radiation damage groups were 0.17±0.05, 0.10±0.05, 0.21±0.08 and 0.21±0. 09, respectively, with that of metastatic tumor being significantly lower than those of the other 3 groups（P〈0.05）. When Cr〈0.06, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of MRS for metastatic tumor were 81.3~, 81.9~, 74. 1% and 90. 1%, respectively, all higher than those of MRI, but lower than those of MRI combined with MRS. Conclusion, 2D CSI 1 H-MRS is very useful in the differential diagnosis of ring-enhancing intracerebral lesions and the combined application of MRI and MRS has a higher diagnostic value

Abstract:Objective： To discuss the application of microsimulation model in forecasting the change of medical insurance risk-pooling fund in Kunming city. Methods.. Taking the SASS. 2 software as the platform, we constructed a microsimulation model for urban employees＇ medical insurance in Kunming city using computer simulation technology and ARENA simulation software. Results： The construction process included 4 steps： （1） to confirm the simulation object; （2） to construct the micro data file; （3） to design the system and to program; （4） to run the program and forecast the result. The system mainly consisted of population status module,action module and policy module. Conclusion： The present model complies with the latest type distribution of employees in Kunming, and its simulation result can reflect the effectiveness of medical insurance policy in recent years

Abstract:Obiective：To investigate the procedures and outcomes of modified ＂elephant trunk＂ stent-graft technique in the treatment of aortic dissection. Methods： Twenty patients （aged 23-71 years, mean 50.7 years） suffered from type Standford A aortic dissection （acute 14, chronic 6） were included in our study. During deep hypothermic circulatory arrest（DHCA）, retrograde cerebral perfusion（RCP） or selected antegrade cerebral perfusion（SCP） was used to protect the brain. All patients received modified ＂elephant trunk＂ stent-graft（ascending aorta and semi-arch replacement combined with transluminal stent-graft of the descending aorta）. Concomitant operations included 11 Bentall＇s procedures and 2 Cabrol＇s procedures. Circulatory arrest time ranged from 36 to 86 min （mean 34.5 min）. Results： Two patients died after operation （10%）. Survival patients were followed up for 3 to 24 months and no subsequent death occurred during the fellow-up period. Multi-detector row computed tomography angiography of aorta was performed in 10 patients 3 months after surgery. Complete thrombosis of the false lumen in descending aorta was found in 8 cases and partial thrombosis was found in 2 cases. Conclusion： Our modified ＂elephant trunk＂ stem-graft is a simple method with short circulatory arrest time. It has a similar outcome as standard ＂elephant trunk＂ stentgraft. The long-time false lumen occlusion rate of descending aorta demands further clinical follow-up investigation.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of Bcl-2 shRNA on the growth of liver carcinoma cell line BEL-7402 and colorectal carcinoma cell line Caco2. Methods： Bcl-2 shRNA was cloned into Pgenesil-1 plasmld labeled with fluorescent protein and the product was transfected into BEL-7402 and Caco2 cells with Lipofectamine 2000. The study also included shRNA as negative control, Pgenesil-1, Lipofectamine and blank control groups. Transfected cells were visualized by inverted fluorescent microscope and then assayed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of Bcl-2 protein were assayed by Western-blot and cell proliferation was measured by MTT method. Results： There was no difference in transfection rate among cells in Bcl-2 shRNA, shRNA and Pgenesil-1 vector groups. Western-blot assay showed that the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein in BEL-7402 and Caco2 cells were significantly decreased in Bcl-2 shRNA group compared with those in other 4 groups （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, Bcl-2 shRNA had a stronger inhibitory effect on Caco2 cells than on BEL-7402 cells （P〈0.05）. MTT assay showed that Bcl-2 shRNA significantly inhibited the growth of BEL-7402 and Caco2 cells （at 72 and 96 h after treatment, respectively） compared with the other 4 groups （P〈0.05）. Conclusion.. Bcl-2 shRNA can specifically inhibit the growth of BEL-7402 and Caco2 cells

Abstract:Objective：To separate and purify polysaccharide MP- I from Mytilus coruscus and to investigate its in vitro anti-tumor activity. Methods： The crude polysaccharide was extracted from Mytilus coruscus with hot water and the protein was removed using Sevage method. The polysaccharide MP- I was purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Monosaccharides analysis was carried out using thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. The in vitro anti-tumor activity of MP- I was assessed using MTT method. Results： The yield of MP- I was 2.14%. MP- I is mainly constituted by glucose. MP- I （at 0.5, 0. 1, 0.02 mg/ml） had different degrees of inhibitory effects on HO-8910, MCF-7, K562, and SMMC-7721 tumor cells in vitro（P〈0. 01）. The inhibitory rates of MP-I at 0. 5 mg/ml against HO-8910 and MCF-7 cells were 30.55 % and 36.38 %, respectively. Conclusion： Polysaccharide MP- I is mainly constituted by glucose and it has inhibitory effect on tumor cell lines HO-8910, MCF-7, K562, and SMMC-7721 in vitro

Abstract:1临床资料 患者，男性，19岁，“因左背部疼痛1周”于2005年12月1日入院，查体，左侧背约第9后肋位置轻度压痛，未扪及明显肿块。胸部正位片（图1A）；左侧第9肋骨良性肿瘤。于2005年12月6日在全麻下行左侧第9肋骨肿瘤切除术。[第一段]

Abstract:Asialoglycoprotein receptor （ASGPR） , also called galactose receptor, is predominantly expressed on the sinusoidal surface of mammalian hepatocytes and is involved in many physiological functions. For many years ASGPR has been applied for targeting hepatocytes in drug and gene delivery and for functional mapping of the liver, and considerable progress has been made. ASGPR-mediated liver-targeted drug delivery mainly involved anti-tumor drugs and cholesterol-lowering drugs,etc. Liver-targeted gene delivery was often seen in antisense drugs. The research of hepatic imaging mainly involved the evaluation of liver function and identification between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic metastasis of tumors. In addition, researchers have also extended its applications to some new fields, such as three-dimension culture of hepatocytes, hepatocytes screening, and hepatocytes transplantation. New achievements in studies of ASGPR-mediated liver targeting are reviewed in this article

Abstract:With the wide use of azoles, drug tolerance and cross tolerance of Candida albicands has seriously hampered the clinical treatments of Candida albicands. New antifungal agents （potent and effective） have been developed over the past years based on the discovery of many new target sites of Candida albicands. For example, Echinocandins （caspofungin and micafungin）, aiming at the cell wall of Candida albicands, showed strong antifungal activities to fluconazole resistant candidas and fungal biofilm. Moreover, because β-glucan synthase does not exist on the cell membrane of mammalian cells, Echinocandins has a low toxicity and a promising clinical future. Though the mechanism of Histatin （targeting fungal membrane） is not clear, it has strong activity not only on candida resistant of polyene and azole, but also to Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans. Berberine and Ocimum gratissimum L. were also found to have prominent anti-fungi activities. Ber- berine extract can intensively inhibit 24-SMT in a dose-depended manner; besides, it has more potent inhibitory activity against the growth of mycelia than against that of yeast. Various new methods can be used to increase the susceptibility of Candida albicands to antifungal agents, such as altering fungi membrane composition, changing some genes, adopting the photodynamic inactivation method, employing hypersensitization agents and combining antifungal agents. This article reviews the newly-developed antifungal agents and newly-proposed target sites of Candida albicands

Abstract:Objective：To express and purify paired immunoglobin-like type 2 receptor beta （PILRβ） and prepare the polyclonal antibody against its protein. Methods： The PILRβ cDNA was amplified from the total RNAs extracted from human peripheral blood cells by RT-PCR and was cloned into pET-32a vector. The vector harboring PILRβ gene was then expressed in E. coli by IPTG induction and the product was purified by Ni^2＋-NTA affinity chromatography. Polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits with the purified protein. The titer and specificity of the antibody were examined by ELISA and Western blot, respectively. Results： Highly purified PILRβ protein （Mr 42 000） was obtained. The prepared polyclonal antibody was highly specific and had a titer of 1 ： 10 000. Conclusion： PILRβ gene is successfully cloned and the purified PILRβ protein is expressed. Polyclonal antibody against PILRβ（with high titer and specificity） is successfully obtained, which provides a basis for further study on PILRβ

Abstract:Objective：To develop a simple and efficient method for constructing a middle fragment-deleted mutant of MHC class Ⅱ molecule transactivator （C ⅡTA ）mutant with the 109^th to 226^th amino acid codons deleted. Methods： Two gene fragments at each end of the deleted C Ⅱ TA gene were obtained by OE-PCR method and were mixed together for 8 PCR cycles without primers to achieve effective overlapping, then 2 primers was added for amplification of the desired fragments. The amplification products were subsequently cloned into eukaryotic vector pIRES for identification. Results： A mutant of C Ⅱ TA with the 109^th to 226^th amino acids deleted was successfully constructed. Conclusion： This modified OE-PCR technique overcomes some shortcomings of traditional method and is very suitable for constructing mutants with middle fragment deletion, making it worth to be popularized

Abstract:Objective.. To observe the change of cilia movement in rabbit sinusitis model before and after sinusitis surgery. Methods： Forty New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 3 groups： normal control （35 sides）, sinusitis group （50 sides）, and post-surgery sinusitis group （40 sides）. The experimental maxillary sinusitis model was made by bacteria inieetion and ostia closure. Rabbits with sinusitis were treated by opening and enlarging ostia of maxillary sinus. Activated charcoal powder and ^99mTc-SC methods were used to observe the mucociliary transport （MCT） in maxillary sinus. Results, ^99mTc-SC method satisfactorily reveal the direction of clia movement. Activated charcoal powder showed that the order of MCT velocity in 3 groups was： normal control group〉post-operation group〉pre-operation group （all P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Activated charcoal powder is an effective method in estimating the function of maxillary sinus cilia. The function of cilia of post-operative regenerated mucosa is lower than that of normal mucosa cilia.

Abstract:目的:探讨VEGF165基因联合抗细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)单克隆抗体对大鼠股动脉内膜损伤后血管重塑的影响.方法:采用球囊拉伤术制备SD大鼠(40只)股动脉内膜损伤模型,将动物随机分为联合组、基因组、抗体组及手术对照组(各10只),通过尾静脉分别注射加有VEGF165cDNA+抗ICAM-1单克隆抗体、VEGF165 cDNA、抗ICAM-1单克隆抗体的生理盐水1 ml,手术对照组仅注射生理盐水1 ml.分别于注射后24 h或14 d观察各组动物注射后股动脉内膜的变化,并应用免疫组织化学染色、光镜和电镜等方法检测损伤局部血管内膜的变化情况.结果:注射后24 h,联合组损伤血管内膜处有极少量中性粒细胞浸润,抗体组次之,基因组有较多中性粒细胞浸润,而手术对照组损伤内膜有大量的中性粒细胞浸润.注射后14 d,联合组损伤血管内膜厚度明显小于其他各组(P＜0.05),且内膜有大量VEGF蛋白表达.结论:VEGF基因与抗ICAM-1单克隆抗体联合应用可减轻损伤血管内皮细胞的再损伤,抑制损伤血管内膜的增生.提示两者联合有利于防止血管病理性狭窄的发生.

Abstract:目的:构建骨形态发生蛋白7(BMP-7)和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)融合基因的重组腺病毒载体,并检测其在骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)的表达.方法:RT-PCR法获得BMP-7基因.将其克隆至pcDNA3.1/CT-GFP质粒中,PCR扩增hBMP-7/GFP融合基因片段,与线性化pAxCAwt腺病毒载体连接,转染大肠杆菌LE392,筛选重组腺病毒黏粒,大量扩增后与DNA-TPC共转HEK293细胞,获得重组腺病毒Ad.hBMP-7/GFP.用重组病毒液转染兔BMSCs细胞,免疫组化方法检测BMP-7的表达.结果:经过多聚酶链反应及酶切鉴定证明获得了BMP-7重组腺病毒基因组,并包装出重组腺病毒,滴度为4.4×108pfu/ml.荧光显微镜和免疫组织化学证明BMP-7在重组腺病毒转染后的BMSC细胞中得到了表达.结论:成功制备BMP-7重组腺病毒,为骨缺损局部基因治疗研究奠定基础.

Abstract:目的:探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)及准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)术后角膜后表面高度的变化及意义.方法:22人44眼随机分为LASIK及LASEK组,近视等效球镜度数均＜-3.0 D,散光度数均≤-1.0 D.术前及术后1周、术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月应用OrbscanⅡ行角膜地形图检查.分析比较LASIK及LASEK两组间各个不同时间点的角膜后表面高度.结果:LASIK组术后1周、术后1个月、术后3个月角膜后表面有前隆(P均＜0.05);LASEK组术后1周、术后1个月角膜后表面有前隆(P均＜0.05).术后1周及术后1个月LASIK组较LASEK组角膜后表面前隆高度更大(P均＜0.05).结论:低度近视LASIK及LASEK术后早期角膜后表面均有不同程度的前隆,以LASIK术更为明显;随着时间推移,角膜后表面前隆均逐渐好转.

Abstract:目的:总结眼眶血管畸形彩色多普勒超声检查表现,探讨其可能的临床诊断意义.方法:回顾性分析1996～2005年117例确诊眼眶血管畸形患者的彩色多普勒超声检查表现.结果:81例颈动脉海绵窦瘘均显示为反向动脉化血流的眼上静脉扩张;27例眼眶静脉曲张的彩色多普勒显像呈充满正向静脉血流的畸形血管团,并随体位而改变;3例眶前部动静脉畸形显示为异常扩张的畸形血管团;4例眶后部动静脉畸形可同时显示畸形血管团及眼上静脉扩张;另2例眶后部动静脉畸形仅显示眼上静脉扩张,均充满双向混杂血流.结论:彩色多普勒超声可以清晰地显示眼眶血管畸形及其血流动力学状态,可以作为眼眶血管畸形首选的影像学检查方法.

Abstract:目的:研究隐球菌性脑膜炎患者在一期治疗过程中对抗真菌药物的体外敏感性.方法:采用NCCLS的M27-A方案,对分离自6名患者脑脊液中的18次培养阳性菌株进行两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑的体外药敏实验以及两性霉素B与5-氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B与氟康唑的联合药敏实验.结果:治疗期间系列菌株对每种药物的MIC变化不超过一个滴度;系列菌株在两性霉素B与5-氟胞嘧啶联合应用、两性霉素B与氟康唑联合应用前后的MIC变化均在两个滴度以内,两性霉素B与5-氟胞嘧啶联合应用大多为协同或相加作用.治疗期间未发现有耐药现象发生.结论:在一期治疗过程中,感染菌株对3种抗真菌药的敏感性无变化.两性霉素B联合5-氟胞嘧啶是对隐球菌性脑膜炎有效的一期治疗方法.

Abstract:目的:定量检测转化生长因子βⅠ型受体(TβRⅠ)和Ⅱ型受体(TβRⅡ)编码基因在糖尿病大鼠视网膜中的表达,以探讨转化生长因子β及转化生长因子β受体在糖尿病视网膜病变中的作用.方法:选择健康成年SD大鼠28只,随机分为正常对照组和糖尿病组.利用链尿佐菌素(STZ)诱导大鼠糖尿病视网膜病变模型,制备RNA并逆转录,实时荧光定量PCR技术分析TβRⅠ和TβRⅡ在4周、12周时相对于内参照基因18S的相对mRNA含量.结果:正常对照组TβRⅠ在4周、12周时相对于18S mRNA含量分别为0.000 332±0.000 088和0.000 344±0.000 232,TβRⅡ在4周、12周时相对于18S的mR-NA含量分别为0.000 099±0.000 031、0.000 103±0.000 049.糖尿病组TβRⅠ在4周、12周时相对于18S的mRNA含量分别为0.000 493±0.000 133和0.000 608±0.000 232,TβRⅡ在4周、12周时相对于18S的mRNA含量分别为0.000 166±0.000 057和0.000 113±0.000 049;TβRⅠ基因表达水平随着病变进展呈上升趋势,TβRⅡ在4周时表达量较正常增加,到12周时表达量又减少,逐渐恢复到正常水平.结论:TβRⅠ和TβRⅡ基因表达量的改变可能与糖尿病视网膜病变的发生发展有关.

Abstract:目的:总结高海拔地区重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)的治疗经验.方法:本院2000年1月至2005年10月共收治153例SAP,对其治疗方式、疗效及预后等情况进行回顾性分析.结果:总病死率20.92﹪(32/153),急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是主要死亡原因,占68.8﹪(22/32).总并发症发生率47.06﹪(72/153).早期手术组、延期手术组和非手术治疗组的并发症发生率分别为80.56﹪(29/36)、37.74﹪(20/53)、5.93﹪(23/64),病死率分别为36.11﹪(13/36)、16.98﹪(9/53)、15.63﹪(10/64).早期手术组与后两组比较,并发症发生率、病死率差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:ARDS是高海拔地区SAP死亡的主要原因.积极监测与保护呼吸功能、尽量避免在急性期手术是减少SAP病死率的重要措施.

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis，XGC）是一种以胆囊慢性炎症为基础，伴有黄色肉芽肿形成，重度增生性纤维化，以及泡沫状组织细胞为特征的炎性病变，临床上非常少见。XGC会引起胆囊与周围空腔脏器形成内瘘，如十二指肠、胆总管、横结肠等，其胆囊内瘘的发生率较一般的急、慢性胆囊炎高。自1996年1月至2005年12月的10年间，我院共切除胆囊5827例，经病理证实为XGC的有33例，占切除胆囊标本的0．6％。33例XGC中，有4例合并不同类型的胆囊内瘘，占XGC的12．1％。现将该4例患者的临床资料加以总结并进行分析。[第一段]