Abstract:Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a great challenge in clinical practice. Tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), liver enzymes, cytokines, and some special glycoproteins, though helpful, are not sensitive and specific enough for early diagnosis of HCC. The establishment of several interesting predictive diagnostic models on liver fibrosis/cirrhosis suggests that mathematic predictive model, which is developed based on large sample size and follow-up study, might be of higher sensitivity, specificity and feasibility in clinical application. Here we suggest that more attention should be paid to this kind of multi-parameter predictive diagnostic models clinically, so as to improve the early diagnosis of HCC in a more economical and feasible way.

Abstract:Objective：To retrospectively analyze the routine clinical laboratory parameters for hepatocellular carcinoma, in an attempt to search for parameters for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods: The pre-operation clinical laboratory data, such as tumor makers, and serological biochemical indices, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection markers, and HBV DNA titers, were collected from 828 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as having HCC; then the correlation between these data with tumor size and the pathological grades of HCC was analyzed. Results:It was found that 97.9% of the 828 patients were infected with HBV and 70.9% of them were accompanied by liver fibrosis. We also found that the tumor size was correlated with albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), A/G, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ratio of aspartate to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and tumor grades; meanwhile, the pathological grades of tumor was correlated to prealbumin(PALB), GGT and tumor size(all P＜0.05). Conclusion: The progress of HCC is correlated with several clinical laboratory biochemistry indices and virus indices. The combined application of these indices is worth studying for auxiliary diagnosis of HCC.

Abstract:Objective：To construct recombinant expression vector of human augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) and study its protective effect on liver function. Methods: ALR cDNA was synthesized and inserted into expression vector pET28a+. The recombinant plasmid was tranformed into BL21 and the expression of ALR was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside(IPTG). MTT method was used for cell proliferation assay; the protective effect of recombinant product on liver function was observed in CCl4-induced acute toxic mouse model. Results: Recombinant expression plasmid of ALR was confirmed correct by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. The purified expression product had strong stimulatory effect on hepatocyte proliferation. Low and medium dosages of expression product decreased aminotransferase level in acute chemical injury mouse model.Conclusion: The recombinant expression vector of ALR has been correctly constructed and the expressed rALR can simulate hepatocyte regeneration.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the association between polymorphisms in α1 (Ⅰ) collagen (COL1A1) gene promoter region and hepatic cirrhotic/fibrotic patients with hepatitis B infection. Methods: Three polymorphisms within COL1A1 promoter region were genotyped in 111 Chinese liver cirrhotic patients with chronic HBV infection and 95 healthy controls by direct DNA sequencing. Allelic and genotypic associations of these polymorphisms with liver cirrhosis were examined. The association between haplotype distribution, haplotype frequency and liver cirrhosis was analyzed by haplotype software.Results: No polymorphisms at position -1662del/insT of COL1A1 gene were observed in subjects of both groups. There was no statistical difference in the genotype frequencies at position -1997T>G or -1363C>G in both groups. The frequency of haplotype -1997T/-1363C in the diseased group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Polymorphisms in the promoter region of COL1A1 gene at position -1997T>G, -1363C>G might be correlated with liver cirrhosis.

Abstract:Objective：To study the regulatory effects of antifibrotic cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on activity of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1 ) gene promoter, so as to assess the antifibrotic mechanism of cytokines. Methods: Sequence -1328-+812 of TGF-β1 gene, which contains the -509 C>T polymorphism, was selected as putative promoter. The recombinant constructions containing -1328-+812 of TGF-β1 gene and CAT reporter gene (phTGF2.14T, phTGF2.14C) were constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells with liposomal transfection method, then the transfected HepG2 cells were treated with IL-10（4 ng/ml）, HGF（10 ng/ml） or IFN-γ（20 ng/ml）. Reporter gene activity was analyzed by ELISA. Results: Reporter gene activity in cells transfected with phTGF2.14C was significantly higher than those transfected with phTGF2.14T (P＜0.01). IFN-γ significantly inhibited the reporter gene activity in HepG2 cells transfected with phTGF2.14C or phTGF2.14T(P＜0.05); HGF significantly increased the reporter gene activity in cells transfected with phTGF2.14C (P＜0.05). IL-10 had no effects on the activities of cells transfected with phTGF2.14C or phTGF2.14T.Conclusion: C allele at -509 can increase the promoter activity of TGF-β1 gene in HepG2 cells. The antifibrotic effect of IFN-γ might be related to its inhibitory effect on the putative promoter activity of TGF-β1 gene; the antifibrotic effects of HGF and IL-10 may not be through regulation of TGF-beta1 gene transcription.

Abstract:Objective：To retrospectively analyze the routine clinical laboratory parameters for hepatocellular carcinoma, in an attempt to search for parameters for diagnosis of HCC. Methods: The pre-operation clinical laboratory data, such as tumor makers, and serological biochemical indices, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection markers, and HBV DNA titers, were collected from 828 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as having HCC; then the correlation between these data with tumor size and the pathological grades of HCC was analyzed. Results:It was found that 97.9% of the 828 patients were infected with HBV and 70.9% of them were accompanied by liver fibrosis. We also found that the tumor size was correlated with albumin (Alb), globulin (GLB), A/G, spartate aminotransferase (AST), ratio of aspartate to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and tumor grades; meanwhile, the pathological grades of tumor was correlated to PALB, GGT and tumor size(all P＜0.05). Conclusion: The progress of HCC is correlated with several clinical laboratory biochemistry indices and virus indices. The combined application of these indices is worth studying for auxiliary diagnosis of HCC.

Abstract:ADVIA120全自动血液分析仪具有检测快速、参数多、准确性高、自动化等特点，在做好仪器、样本质量控制的情况下，能获得准确的结果，适合临床常规应用。大型未染色细胞（large unstained cell，LUC）百分比（LUC％）是ADVIA120全自动五分类血液分析仪推出的一种全新参数，即LUC数与白细胞数之比，正常参考范围为0～4%。LUC系在过氧化物酶染色中未被染色的细胞，又称未染色大细胞，包括大淋巴细胞、浆细胞、各种原始和幼稚细胞。为探讨LUC％升高与肝胆疾病间的关系，我们对2005年1月至2006年12月间住院患者血常规检测结果LUC％大于6%的患者进行了分析，现报告如下。[第一段]

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene mutation at 1896 in precore region with genotype and replication of HBV and the liver function of patients. Methods：HBV precore 1896 site mutation,the genotype of HBV and serum content of HBV DNA were determined by PCR in 60 patients positive of HBV DNA. Chemiluminescence miacropaticle immunoassay (CMIA) was used for detection of serum HBeAg and HBeAb. Liver function parameters were obtained by routine biochemistry method. Results：The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in HBV with 1896 site mutation was significantly higher than that in the wildtype virus.Site mutation at 1896 had no correlation with HBeAg, HBV genotype and HBV DNA content. HBV DNA content in patient with genotype C was significantly higher than that with genotype B(P＜0.05).Conclusion：Mutation at 1896 in precore region of HBV gene is related to aggravation of hepatocyte injury. The serum content of HBV DNA is higher in genotype C than that in genotype B, indicating genotype C HBV has more active replication activity than genotype B.

Abstract:1临床资料患者，女，46岁。因反复右上腹疼痛不适10余年，加重1个月，以“胆囊癌伴肝、肺多处转移”于2007年3月28日收治入本院。患者右上腹持续性疼痛，阵发性加剧，无肩背部放射痛，不伴发热。疼痛以进食油腻食物后为重。2007年3月23日在当地医院以“胆囊炎、胆囊结石”行胆囊切除术。术中发现胆囊硬化、局部肝组织浸润，肝组织活检示“肝组织内低分化腺癌浸润”，中止手术后转至我院。入院时查体：体温36.4℃ ，脉搏80次/min，呼吸20次/min。X线胸片示：右侧胸腔少量积液，右下肺陈旧性钙化灶。CT检查示：胆囊肿瘤伴局部肝组织浸润，肝内多处转移子灶，右肺见转移灶。心律齐，腹软，无压痛及反跳痛，肝、脾肋缘下未触及，胆囊未触及，肠鸣音正常。实验室检查：血常规、血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）检测均正常，肝功能正常，CEA(-),AFP 14 U/ml，CA 19-9>1 000 U/ml。粪常规检测于低倍镜下可见椭圆形，囊壁较厚，囊壁与虫体之间有明显空隙的蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫包囊（图1）;革兰染色后可见为成熟的4核包囊，偏于一端,囊内可见到鞭毛、丝状物、轴柱等（图2）。入院后诊断为胆囊肿瘤晚期，无手术适应证，患者要求出院观察，未做治疗，于2007年4月4日出院，目前继续随诊观察。[第一段]

Abstract:Objective：To study the correlation between HBV Pre-S1 antigen, HBeAg levels and HBV DNA copies, so as to assess the clinical value of Pre-S1 in detection of HBV replication. Methods: A total of 363 HBsAg-positive samples were collected. The levels of Pre-S1 antigen, HBeAg and HBV DNA copies were determined by ELISA, time-resolved immuno-fluorescent method and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR),respectively. The correlation between the determination results was analyzed. Results: Pre-S1 antigen level was correlated with the level of HBeAg (χ2=94.4,P<0.01), with the coefficient being 0.45; Pre-S1 antigen level was also correlated with HBV DNA(χ2=198.58, P<0.01), with the coefficient being 0.59. The positive rate of Pre-S1 increased with HBV DNA copies. When logarithm of HBV DNA copies was more than 3, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value(PPV), positive likelihood ratio(PLR) and odds ratio(OR) of Pre-S1 were 84.5%,91.2%,87.0％,94.1%,9.6，and 56.8 respectively；the numbers of HBeAg were 50.4%,94.9%，67.2％，94.2%,9.8 and 18.9, respectively. Conclusion: Pre-S1 antigen is correlated with HBV DNA and is more sensitive and accurate than HBeAg in reflecting HBV replication. The above 3 parameters can complement each other and the combination of them is more accurate in clinical diagnosis.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the expression of GATA4 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in fetal liver and hepatocarcinoma cells and their correlation. Methods: Semi-quantitive RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of GATA4 and AFP in liver tissues from mouse of E 10.5 d to P 0.5 d, normal liver cells, and hepatocarcinoma cells. Eukaryotic expression vector of mouse GATA4 was used to transfect normal liver cell line and the product was identified. Doxorubicine was used to treat hepatocarcinoma cells; then semi-quantitive RT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA of GATA4, fetoprotein transcription factor(FTF) and AFP; Western blot was used to examine the expression of GATA4 and AFP; and ELISA was used to determine AFP in supernatants. Results: The expression of GATA4 and AFP decreased with the maturation of fetal liver cells and reached adult level 0.5 d after birth. GATA4, FTF and AFP were not detected in normal liver cells but were overexpressed in hepatocarcinoma cells. The expression of FTF and AFP was increased in normal liver cells after transfection of GATA4, and the level of AFP was also increased in the supernatant. GATA4 was sharply decreased in hepatocarcinoma cells within 6 h after doxorubicine treatment; the expression of FTF and AFP was also decreased in supernatants 12 h after doxorubicine treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: GATA4 is highly expressed in fetal liver and hepatocarcinoma cells,which may contribute to the elevation of AFP expression.

Abstract:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),one of the most common malignant tumors,is the main cause of cancer death in China.Early diagnosis of the disease is of great importance.Serum tumor markers have been effective for detecting HCC for a long time.Among those markers,alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used one in detecting patients with HCC,but it has limited utility for detecting HCC due to its limited sensitivity and specificity.Searching better markers for HCC has been a research focus in recent years.This review introduces many useful markers to supplement AFP for detecting HCC.

Abstract:Objective：To study the inhibitory action of self-designed dithiothreitol(DTT) eye drops on selenite-induced rat cataract(simulating the senile cataract). Methods: Twelve-day-old SD rats (body weight about 25 g) were injected with Na2SeO3 subcutaneouly, quaque die alterna, for 3 times (0.2 ml/time, with a total amount of 210 μg). Six days later over 90% of rats developed nuclear cataracts. The right eyes of the rats were treated with 25 mmol/L DTT eye drops (4 times/day, 1 drop/time) for 3 weeks. The left eyes were taken as control and were treated with normal saline at the same dosage. The lens were examined using slit lamp and the diameter of the cataract plaques were measured using vernier cursor. The eyes of cataract models were also treated with 25 mmol/L DTT(n=89), pirenoxine eye drops (PDE, Japan, n=22), pirenoxine sodium eye drops (PSED, China, n=24, 2 died during the experiment), and normal saline (n=45).Each eye was administered with 1 drop/time, 4 times/day for 3 weeks. Then slit lamp was used to examine the cortical lesions of both eye and the lens opacity. Results: The DTT eye drops significantly reduced the diameter of the cataract plaques and significantly reduced the rate of the cortical opacity after the nuclear cataract. The inhibitory action of DTT eye drops on the selenite-induced cataract was superior to pirenoxine eye drops（Japan） and pirenoxine sodium eye drops(China). Conclusion: Our study shows that the DTT eye drops has satisfactory inhibitory action on selenite-induced cataract in rats.

Abstract:1临床资料患者男性，25岁，反复便血3个月。患者3个月前无明显诱因出现便血，伴失血性休克，在我院消化内科经保守治疗出血停止出院。入院前2 d再次便血，伴头晕、乏力，无呕血。查体：体温36.5℃，血压100/60 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)，脉搏80次/min。贫血貌，皮肤黏膜无黄染。腹部平坦，无腹壁静脉曲张，全腹软，未及包块，无压痛、反跳痛，肠鸣音亢进。辅助检查：血红蛋白66 g/L，胃镜提示慢性浅表性胃炎，结肠镜提示慢性结肠炎。考虑小肠出血。因出血为间断性且已给予止血治疗，DSA阳性率不高，故行胶囊内镜检查，见回肠末端一隆起性病变，伴活动性出血(图1A)。初步诊断：小肠占位、性质待查。经积极术前准备在全麻下行腹腔镜探查术，术中见距回盲瓣约30 cm回肠壁上有一憩室，长约7 cm，直径约1.3 cm，憩室盲端可见一圆形肿块，直径约1 cm。余脏器未见异常。以无损伤抓钳牵起憩室，用内镜下切割缝合器于其根部将憩室切除。病理报告为异位胰腺组织(图1B)。术后恢复顺利，随访6个月未再出血。[第一段]

Abstract:Objective：To prepare a novel vascular endothelial growth inhibitor-soluble chimeric protein VEGI+ , so as to lay a basis for studying its biological activity. Methods: Chimeric molecule VEGI+ was constructed by grafting oligopeptide CTTHWGFTLC to extracellular region of VEGI (VEGI23-174). Before ligation into pET30a(+) expression vector, PCR product of the recombinant gene was cloned into pGEM-T vector and verified by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing, then pET30a-VEGI was used to transfect BL21 (modified E. coli strain). The chimeric protein was purified by metal affinity chromatography. Western blotting and coomassie blue staining were used for protein identification. Results: The chimeric molecule VEGI+ was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The constructed pET30a-VEGI was confirmed by enzymatic digestion. The expression was mainly in the form of inclusion body. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting revealed a chimeric protein about 23 000, with a purity of about 90%. Conclusion: We have successfully constructed the recombinant plasmid pET30a-VEGI+ and expressed it in E. coli. And we have obtained high purity of soluble chimeric protein VEGI+ through affinity chromatography.

Abstract:Objective：To study the influence of 5′-untranslated region modification of pPIC9 on expression of LL-37 in Pichia pastoris. Methods: The sequence GGATCCAA was deleted from 5′-UTR of pPIC9 and the modified product was transformed into E.coli DH5α to construct a modified eukaryotic vector pPIC9-EDIT. After PCR and sequencing, pPIC9-EDIT was ligated with LL-37 sequence coded by the biased codon of yeast, the product was then transformed into E.coli DH5α to construct the recombinant expression vector pPIC9-EDIT-LL-37, the latter was transformed into P. pastoris GS115 by spheroplasting and the insert was confirmed by PCR. The bacteriolytic activity to E.coli.DH5α was analyzed to screen the highest expressing strain and to determine the best inducing time and concentration of methanol. The fermentation product was analyzed by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The antibacterial activities of expression products of pPIC9-LL-37 and pPIC9-EDIT-LL-37 were compared, and the changes of LL-37 protein expression were determined before and after modification. Results: pPIC9-EDIT and pPIC9-EDIT-LL-37 were successfully constructed. Expression of LL-37 gene was confirmed by PCR in P. pastoris after pPIC9-EDIT-LL-37 transformation. The highest expressing strain was identified; the best inducing time was 72 h and the best concentration of methanol was 0.5%. Tricine-SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis showed that the expression product was LL-37. The expression level of LL-37 protein increased by 35 times after modification.Conclusion: Modification of pPIC9 5′-UTR can obviously improve expression of LL-37 protein in P. pastoris; it is worth to be used in the research of other heterogenous protein.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the influence of radiofrequency catheter ablation of the fat pad at the right pulmonary vein-atria junction (RPV fat pad) on Bezold-Jarisch reflex (BJR) induced by veratridine in canine. Methods: Ten mongrel dogs were anesthetized and their chest were opened through a right thoracotomy to expose the RPV fat pad. Veratridine was injected into the left ventricle at bolus doses of 10 μg/kg through a catheter to induce BJR. The sinus cycle length (SCL), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricle systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricle diastolic pressure (LVDP) and mean left ventricle pressure (MLVP) were measured under the baseline and after ablation of the RPV fat pad; the changes of the above parameters (ΔSCL, ΔSAP, ΔDAP, ΔMAP, ΔLVSP, ΔLVDP, and ΔMLVP) were calculated. Then the same dose of veratridine was injected under the pad after ablation and the changes of the above parameters were observed. Results: BJR was successfully induced in the 8 animals; the animals has prolonged sinus cycle length (SCL) and decreased MAP and MLVP. After ablation, the prolongation of SCL after injection of veratridine was markedly reduced (\[229.2±92.3\] ms vs \[39.3±14.1\] ms，P<0.01). All the pressures were decreased after injection of veratridine, with significant decrease found only for DAP and MAP (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Ablation of the RPV fat pad can effectively attenuate the decrement of heart rate and the decrement of DAP and MAP during the BJR induced by veratridine, which provides a basis for the radiofrequency catheter ablation of vagus ganglions through endocardium.

Abstract:Objective：To develop a novel regulable sutureless aortic arch prosthesis and to apply it in an animal experimental study. Methods: The arch skeleton of the prosthesis was made of tandem Z-shape NiTiNOL wire; the branch skeleton was made of laser-cut NiTiNOL tube; and the whole skeleton was coated with thin ePTFE film. The blood vessel was anastomosed by direct ligature, needing no manual suturing.The prosthesis was applied in swine aortic arch operations under the bypass condition. The practicality for surgery and the feasibility of anastomosis of the prosthesis were assessed. Results: Aortic arch operations were successfully performed in 6 of the 8 experimental animals. The prostheses were easy to use, and the mean bypass time was only 10 min. The blood loss of the anastomoses was less than 100 ml within 8 h postoperatively in 5 animals; one had more blood loss due to prosthesis mismatch.Conclusion: The novel regulable sutureless aortic arch prosthesis has satisfactory practicality for surgery and reliable anastomosis, making it promising in future clinical application.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the early apoptosis and its dynamic changes after traumatic brain injury(TBI) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The moderate brain injury model was established by a fluid-percussion brain injury device; animals in control group were only cannulated but not injured. Then the injured animals were sacrificed 6, 24 and 48 hours after injury. Flow cytometer and electron microscope were used to observe the apoptosis of nerve cells. Results: Flow cytometer showed that the early apoptosis of nerve cells occurred in left parietal cortex 6 hours after TBI, with an apoptotic ratio being 21.97%, significantly higher than that in the control group at the same time point（P<0.01）. The apoptosis reached its peak 24 hours after TBI, with an apoptotic ratio being 65.90%, significantly higher than that in the control group at the same time point（P<0.01）; there was no significant difference between those of 24 hours and 48 hours after TBI（P>0.05）. Electron microscope showed apoptosis of nerve cells in the left parietal cortex 24 hours after TBI. Conclusion: Early apoptosis of nerve cells may occur 6 hours after TBI, which is earlier than previously reported.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) with respect to the balance of Th1/Th2. Methods: Eighteen healthy male minipigs, weighing 22-30 kg, were randomly divided into two groups: MODS group and control group. Double-hit method including hemorrhagic shock and endotoxiemia was used to establish the porcine MODS model.The peripheral vein blood samples were collected at different time-points (before bloodletting, before endotoxin injection, 1 h, 24 h,48 h and 72 h after endotoxin injection) in the two groups. The spleen samples were collected after death of the animals. Plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA (The latter 2 were the key transcription factors associated with Th1/Th2 response) in the spleen samples.Results: The plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 quickly reached the peak values 1 h after the endotoxin injection, then the level of IFN-γ decreased quickly. The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 was significantly lower than the baseline value 72 h after endotoxin injection（P=0.000）. The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 mRNA in MODS group was obviously lower than that in the control group（P=0.020）; the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 was also lower in MODS group（P=0.038）.Conclusion: The shift from Th1 to Th2 occurs in the progress of MODS.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the influence of Schisandrone on the learning and memory abilities of rats with Alzheimer-like disease and on the expression of NF-κB, iNOS in rat hippocampus, so as to study the prevention effect of Schisandrone on Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: Totally 30 male SD rats were evenly randomized into 3 groups: blank control group, AD model group and Schisandrone intervention group. The AD animal model was established by stereotactic injection of Aβ25-35 into lateral cerebral ventricle of rats; the rats in Schisandrone intervention group were administrated with Schisandrone. The learning and memory abilities of animals were determined by Morris water maze; the expression of NF-κB, iNOS in the hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The learning and memory abilities of rats in the Schisandrone intervention group were significantly improved compared with those in the AD model group (P＜0.05). The expression of NF-κB and iNOS in the hippocampus was significantly decreased in the Schisandrone group than in the AD model group（P<0.05）. The expression of NF-κB and iNOS in the hippocampus was positively correlated with each other. The correlation coefficients for the blank control,AD model and Schisandrone intervention groups were 0.639,0.656 and 0.682,respectively （all P<0. 05）. Conclusion: Schisandrone can suppress the Aβ-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction through influencing NF-κB signaling pathway, exerting its protective effect on AD.

Abstract:Objective：To study the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 during midfacial sutural distraction osteogenesis in dogs and to probe the mechanism of sutural distraction osteogenesis. Methods: Eighteen mongrel dogs (12-week old) were randomly divided into distraction osteogenesis group(n=12) and the control group(n=6).Rigid external distractor was used for sutural distraction of the midfacial skeleton in the experimental animals. Two experimental and one control dogs were sacrificed at defined time points (on the 5th, 10th and 15th day of distraction, the 10th and 20th day of fixation, and 30th day after completion of fixation).The expression of BMP-2 was observed by means of immunohistochemistry. Results: During the period of distraction and fixation, positive staining of BMP-2 was found in the proliferated preosteoblasts, the mesenchymal cells and the newly formed bone matrix at the sutural margin of the experimental dogs; weak expression was also noticed in the control dogs. Compared with that in the control group, the expression of BMP-2 in the experimental group increased and reached the peak on the 15th of distraction, then gradually decreased. the expression of BMP-2 nearly restored to the normal level 1 month after the removal of the distractor. Conclusion: The mechanical strain can lead to the generation of endogenous BMP-2, which may play an important role in the new bone formation.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the clinical efficacy of SKy bone expander system in percutaneous kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic verterbral compression fracture. Methods: Twenty-two patients (aged 62-90 years, 32 vertebrae) underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty using SKy bone expander system. The bone cement was injected into the collapsed vertebrae. The vasual analogue scale (VAS) and complications were recorded during follow up. Results: The operations were successful in all patients via unilateral or bilateral approach. The operation time ranged from 30 to 120 min. The mean volume of cement injected into each vertebra body was （4.8±1.1） ml, ranged from 3.1 to 6.8 ml. Extravertebral leakage of bone cement was observed in two vertebrae with no symptoms. All patients had their pain relieved; the VAS was 7.6±0.8 before operation,3.5±0.5 one day after operation, 2.8±0.6 one week after operation, and 2.4±0.6 one month after operation, with significant difference found between preoperation and postoperation (P<0.05). The symptoms of the patients were improved during a follow up of 12-26 months without recurrence.Conclusion: Application of SKy bone expander system in percutomeous kyphoplasty can relieve pain and restore the vertebrae height; it may be an effective treatment for aged patients with osteoporotic verterbral compression fracture.

Abstract:Objective：To assess the feasibility of applying the scoring system proposed by Sylvester RJ in predicting recurrence and progression of nonmuscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NIBC) after transurethral resection (TUR). Methods: Using Sylvester RJ’s predicting system, we evaluated the risk factors for recurrence and progression of NIBC after TUR in patients treated in the Department of Urinary Surgery of Changhai Hospital in a ten-year period. The 1-year, 5-year recurrence rates and progression rates of patients with different scores were calculated and the results were compared with the results of Sylvester RJ system. Results: The data of 187 patients with NIBC treated in the Department of Urinary Surgery of Changhai Hospital from Jan. 1992 to Jan. 2002 were collected. The 1-year recurrence rates in 0 score group, 1-4 score group, 5-9 score group and 14-23 score group were 13.3%, 21.0%, 36.0% and 58.8%, respectively; their 1-year progression rates were 0, 1.4%, 5.1% and 15.6%, respectively. The 5-year recurrence rates were 26.5%, 44.0%, 59.5% and 82.4%, respectively; and their progression rates were 1.1%, 6.7%, 14.8%, and 53.1%, respectively. The above results were not significantly different from those of Sylvester RJ’s (P>0.05).Conclusion: Sylvester RJ’s system can be used for the patients in our hospital for predicting risk factors of recurrence and progression of NIBC after operation. Whether the system is suitable for all Chinese patient still need further study in greater population.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the recent studies worldwide on Alzheimer’s diseases (1996 to 2005) from a bibliometric perspective.Methods: Articles were searched from SCI (Science Citation Index), Medline and ESI (Essential Science Indicators) databases using “Alzheimer*” as the keyword. Thomson Data Analyzer and SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Alzheimer’s diseases related researches had an increasing tendency during 1996 to 2005, and the increase was obviously accelerated during 2002-2005. The US-led developed countries were in the leading position in the research of Alzheimer’s disease. Currently the research on Alzheimer’s diseases was mainly around the amyloid hypothesis, focusing on beta-amyloid fibrils, Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis, the relationship between Alzheimer disease and cardiovascular diseases, and so on.Conclusion: More studies on Alzheimer’s disease are expected in the future and more articles will be published on the fields; the studies will be largely based on the research of beta-amyloid fibrils.

Abstract:Objective：To establish a human lung squamous carcinoma cell line and to study its biological characteristics．Methods: Lung squamous carcinoma specimens were freshly resected during operation; the tissues were incubated in vitro and the cell line was named CHLH-1. The biological characteristics of the cells were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy, chromosome analysis and transplantation experiment. Results: Cells from the specimens of the primary tumor, the CHLC-1 cell line and the cells from transplanted tumor possessed the characteristics of malignant squamous epithelium under light and electron microscope. The cell growth curve, doubling time and mitotic index were also observed in vitro. Nuclear chromosome analysis revealed that the tumor was a subtriploid with a mode of 60-68 per cell. Tumor nodes were observed under the skin of nude mice by heterogenic transplantation. Conclusion: The characteristics of the established cell line suggest that it is a newly established human squamous carcinoma cell line．

Abstract:1临床资料患者，男，62岁。因“左下腹部胀痛不适4年余，加重1 d”于 2007年7月14日入院。查体：左腹股沟下部可触及约3 cm×3 cm肿物，实性，平卧后包块不消失，表面光滑，质中，轻度压痛。盆腔CT提示：左侧阴囊肿块，考虑起源于左侧附睾，左侧精索及阴茎海绵体受累及。穿刺活检提示：左侧睾丸外侧恶性肿瘤。充分术前准备后，于2007年7月17日行肿物切除术，术中在阴囊左侧外上方腹股沟内侧左侧精索残端寻及肿瘤，呈浸润性生长，与周围组织粘连，内下侧与阴茎及尿道海绵体严重粘连，完整分离出肿瘤，外可见包膜，大小约4 cm×3.5 cm。术后病理报告：（左腹股沟区）肉瘤，倾向于未分化高级别多形性肉瘤/多形性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤。免疫组化：波形蛋白VI(+)，肌动蛋白结合蛋白CALP（±），巨噬细胞标志CD68（-），De（-），横纹肌核蛋白MyoD1（-），溶菌酶Lyso（-），平滑肌肌动蛋白SMA（-），S-100（-），Ki-67（++）。患者术后恢复良好。[第一段]

Abstract:目的：观察高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(HSS40)对肝胆手术患者麻醉诱导期血流动力学的影响。方法:36例采用全麻复合硬膜外麻醉的肝胆外科手术患者，随机分为HHS40注射液组（HHS，4 ml/kg）、羟乙基淀粉130/0.4组（HES，7 ml/kg）、复方醋酸林格液组（RL，7 ml/kg），于诱导前分别输入相应上述液体，于输注液体前、输液后10 min、诱导后5 min、插管后5 min、插管后10 min、插管后20 min监测患者平均动脉压（ABPm）、心输出量（CO）、每搏量（SV）、左室心搏作功（LVSW）、肺血管阻力（PVR）等血流动力学参数。结果:与输液前相比, 诱导后3组患者ABPm均有显著降低(P<0.05或0.01)，但HHS、HES组患者变化幅度较RL组小。HHS、HES组患者输液后10 min CO值一过性增高(P<0.05或0.01)，后逐渐下降，至插管后20 min与输液前无统计学差异；而RL组上升不明显，至插管后20 min明显低于输液前及同时间点的HHS、HES组（P<0.05）。3组SV值、LVSW值变化与CO值类似。HHS组患者麻醉诱导后PVR逐渐下降，至插管后20 min，明显低于输液前，亦低于此时的HES、RL组 (P均<0.01)。3组患者心率、肺动脉楔压（PAWP）、肺动脉平均压(PAPm)、全身血管阻力（SVR）、中收静脉压(CVP)变化趋势基本一致，组间无统计学差异。结论:全麻复合硬膜外麻醉诱导期前输注HSS40注射液（4 ml/kg）能减少肝胆手术患者血压下降程度，加强心肌收缩力，降低循环阻力，具有较好的血流动力学校正效应。

Abstract:目的：探讨他克莫司(FK506)血药浓度与原位肝移植(OLT)术后早期神经系统并发症的关系。方法:选择2005年1月至2007年9月间173例OLT术后应用他克莫司+霉酚酸酯+甲泼尼龙三联免疫抑制治疗的患者，监测其他克莫司血药谷值浓度，观察术后第7～30日的神经毒性反应(包括兴奋型和抑制型)，比较发生及未发生神经毒性反应患者他克莫司平均血药谷值浓度。结果:术后早期神经毒性反应的发生率达43.9%，其中兴奋型占85.5%，抑制型占14.5%；92.1%发生在术后第7～21日。所有发生神经毒性反应患者及兴奋型、抑制型患者各自的他克莫司血药谷值平均浓度均明显高于未发生神经毒性反应的患者(P<0.05)。各种神经系统毒性反应中肢体震颤、兴奋失眠和多语症状的发生率最高，且三者各自的他克莫司血药谷值浓度平均值均明显高于未发生神经毒性反应的患者(P<0.05)。结论:他克莫司血药浓度的高低是引起肝移植术后早期神经系统并发症的重要影响因素。

Abstract:硬膜外镇痛和静脉镇痛的应用大大缓解了患者术后疼痛。静脉镇痛由于无创且患者自控性好，成为许多麻醉医生首选的镇痛方法。尽管随着新型阿片类镇痛药出现，使得静脉镇痛效果不亚于硬膜外镇痛，然而许多资料显示，对于某些手术或某类患者硬膜外镇痛效果更好，并且能改善预后\[1\]。本研究比较了硬膜外镇痛和静脉镇痛在开胸肺叶切除患者术后镇痛效果，初步探讨了2种镇痛方法对术后肺部并发症的影响。[第一段]

Abstract:浅低温不停跳心内直视手术是指在浅低温条件下，不使用心脏停搏液, 保持冠状动脉循环及心脏有节律的空跳下行心内的直视手术。它使心肌在手术中得到持续的氧合血的灌注，有效维持心肌细胞内环境的稳定，同时避免了心肌缺血再灌注损伤，也避免了高钾停跳液对心肌酶活性、细胞膜稳定性及内皮细胞的损伤\[1\]，减少了术后并发症的发生\[2\]，降低了低温对其他重要脏器损伤的概率\[3\]。但该手术仍存在不足之处，如术野血液较多，对手术操作技术的要求较高，体外循环须使用相对较高的流量，术中吸引器使用较多，血液有形成分的破坏会增加，并有可能发生传导阻滞、气栓等并发症。本中心在2005年4~12月共为103例患者施行了心脏不停跳心内直视手术，取得满意疗效，现总结分析如下。[第一段]

Abstract:全直肠系膜切除术（total mesoreclal excision, TME ）近十年来已成为直肠癌切除的金标准\[1\]。随着术前新辅助放疗的联合应用，吻合器和闭合器的普遍使用及腹腔镜技术的不断发展，越来越多的低位直肠癌患者在行根治术的同时，保留了正常的肛门括约肌功能，但是吻合口瘘的发生率也有增加的趋势。在女性患者中直肠阴道瘘 (rectovaginal fistala, RVF ) 这一术后并发症也有所增加\[2\]。文献报道直肠癌术后RVF发生率达0.9％~9.9％，临床上并非少见\[3-5\]。作者分析了我院6年来发生的19例直肠阴道瘘的资料，旨在探讨低位或超低位直肠癌行TME后RVF发生的原因及防治方法。[第一段]

Abstract:鳃源性囊肿及瘘管为先天性疾病，是由于胚胎发育期中鳃沟没有完全消失而形成的囊肿或瘘管，以第二鳃源性囊肿及瘘管最为常见，第一、三较少见，第四鳃源性囊肿及瘘管极为罕见\[1\]。此病发病率较低，临床上较易发生误诊、漏诊\[2\]。本研究对我院近年来收治的13例鳃源性囊肿及瘘管患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析，以期为本病的临床诊断及治疗提供一定帮助。[第一段]

Abstract:面肌痉挛是一种常见的面部肌张力障碍疾病,以往多采用药物封闭、针灸、埋线及手术矫形等方法治疗面肌痉挛，但疗效均不明确。近年来，国内外广泛采用A型肉毒毒素局部肌肉注射，虽局部注射后能导致角膜炎、吞咽困难、面肌无力、眼泪增多或眼干燥等不良反应，但整体疗效较好\[1-2\]。本研究应用国产A型肉毒毒素(botulinumtoxin type A，BTXA)治疗54例面肌痉挛患者，取得较好疗效，现报道如下。[第一段]

Abstract:Mammotome微创旋切系统是乳腺外科一种新的微创技术，最初用于乳腺组织活检，目前已被逐渐应用于乳腺良性肿块的切除。我科自2006年9月至2007年6月共对88例乳腺良性肿块患者施行了B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切术，取得较好疗效，现报告如下。[第一段]

Abstract:随着医疗技术的发展,肾结石的处理水平逐渐提高,但肾铸型结石的治疗目前仍是棘手的问题,对其的治疗包括开放手术及微创技术治疗。开放手术创伤较大,恢复慢,存在很多并发症,目前越来越倾向于微创技术治疗。微穿刺造瘘经皮肾镜碎石取石术,克服了既往开放手术需要切开肾盂或肾实质取石所带来的各种并发症,创伤小,可重复操作,业已得到临床泌尿科医师的广泛认可[1-4]。由于此项术式需掌握经皮肾穿刺技术及碎石取石与输尿管镜技术,术式本身有其特殊并发症,对术者技术要求很高,需要不断提高手术技巧以规避风险。我院泌尿外科自2004年5月至2006年7月对9例肾铸型结石患者采用微穿刺造瘘经皮肾镜治疗,取得较好疗效,积累了一些经验,现将结果报告如下。[第一段]