Abstract:Objective：To investigate the immunohistochemical characterization of hepatic stem cells in the developing human liver, so as to study the origin, differentiation and migration of hepatic stem cells. Methods： H-E staining and immunohistochemical methods were used to observe the expression of hepatic/cholangiocellular differentiation markers （ AFP, GST-π, CK7, CK19 ） and hematopoietic stem cell markers （CD34 and c-kit） in several kinds of cells obtained from thirty 4- to 35-week old fetal liver samples. Results： AFP expression appeared in fetal liver at 4 weeks＇ gestation, peaked during 16-24 weeks＇ gestation and decreased gradually afterwards; finally weak signals were only found in some ductal plate cells and a few limiting plate cells. GST-π was detected in hepatic cord cells from the 6^th week and in the ductal plate cells from the 8^th week; 26 weeks later, only some ductal plate cells and a few limiting plate cells showed positive signals. CK19 expression peaked during 6^th to 11^th week in hepatic cord cells and decreased gradually afterwards, except for that in the ductal plates. CK7 expression was limited in the ductal plate cells and bile duct cells from the 14^th week. CD34 and c-kit were detected at the 8^th week in some ductal plate cells and a few mononuclear cells in the hepatic cords/mesenchymal tissue of portal area; after 21 weeks, CD34 and c-kit were found only in ductal plate cells and a few mononuclear cells in the hepatic mesenchymal tissue of portal areas. Conclusion; Fetal hepatocytes at 4-16 weeks＇ gestation are mainly constituted by hepatic stem cells with bi-potential differentiation capacity. At 16 weeks＇ gestation, most hepatic cord cells begin to differentiate into hepatocytes and abundant hepatic stem cells remain in the ductal plate （ the origin site of Hering canals）. It is also indicated that the hematopoietic stem cells may give rise to some hepatic stem cells in embryonic liver. These indirectly support the hypothesis about the location and origin of liver stem cells in ＂liver valley hypothesis＂ reported previously.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the preservative effect of Shanghai-mutil-organ （SMO） solution on rat liver and to assess the feasibility of SMO solution in preserving isolated human livers. Methods： SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the preservation solutions： SMO group, UW （ University of Wisconsin Solution ） group, and HTK （Histidinetryptophan-ketoglutarate solution） group. The simple cold storage liver model was established with isolated rat liver and the liver samples from each group were preserved with the 3 solutions for 8 h,16 h, 24 h and 36 h. The energy metabolism was analyzed in all the samples and the morphological changes and hepatocytes apoptosis were observed after different preservation periods. Results： The liver tissue contents of ATP, TAN, and AEC in SMO group were significantly higher than those in HTK group at 16 h, 24 h, and 36 h （P〈0.05）; the contents in SMO group were similar to those in UW group. Histological examination showed that the tissue damage in SMO group was milder than that in HTK group; the damages in SMO group and UW group were similar except that the swelling of cells in SMO group was severer than that in UW group. Apoptosis index in SMO group was lower than that in HTK group at 24 h and 36 h（P〈 0. 05）; there was no significant difference in apoptosis index between SMO group and UW group. Conclusion： SMO solution has a similar preservative effect on rat liver to that of UW solution, only with more severe cell swelling than the latter. The effect of SMO solution is better than that of HTK solution.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the change of microglia activity after fast decompressing and/or hyperbaric oxygenation （HBO）-induced central nervous system （CNS） damage, so as to study the role of microglia in CNS dysbaric injury and the effects of HBO on microglia. Methods.. Rats were randomly divided into the following groups., normal control, safe decompressing, fast decompressing （FD） injured, and HBO treated groups. Rat models of dysbaric injury were established by FD; 6 h later the rat models were subjected to HBO treatment. The activated microglia were detected by FITC-linked Isolectin B4; TNF-α and TNF-α converting enzyme （TACE） positive cells were detected immunohistochemically; and neural apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. TNF-α contents in CNS tissue were determined by ELISA and the bioactivity of sTNF-α in cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） were determined by L929 cell cytotoxicity bioassay. Results： IB4 positive microglia appeared in rats＇ CNS 6 h after FD treatment, peaked after 24 h, and declined thereafter. The activated microglia had morphological changes. Cell apoptosis indices of CNS reached its peak 48 h after FD treatment. Activated microglia and apoptotic neurons had similar distribution. TNF-α was detected in the brain and spinal cord 6 h after FD, significantly increased after 24 h, and peaked after 48 h. The content of TNF-α was positively correlated with IB4 positive cells and apoptosis index （P〈0.05）. TNF-α bioactivity in CSF of FD group had a similar change to TNF-α content in CNS tissue. The IHC results showed that, TNF-α and TACE positive cells had the same morphology and distribution to those of IB4 positive cells. HBO treatment significantly decreased IB4 positive cells after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, reduced TNF-α content in CNS tissues and TNF-α cytotoxicity in CSF; and decreased the apoptosis index after 48 h and 72 h. Conchlusion： Microglial cells are quickly activated after dysbaric-induced injury of CNS. The activated microglia play a role in secondary injury through increasing TNF-α and TACE expression. HBO therapy can protect the neurons through depressing the activation and proliferation of microglia and reducing secretion of neurotoxin.

Abstract:Objective： To clone human angiopoietin-related protein-1 angioarrestin genes and construct their recombinant eukaryotic expression vector. Methods： Full length sequence of angioarrestin gene and its C-FD domain were amplified from human liver cDNA library by PCR and were subsequently inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3. 1/His-Myc （-）B. Then angioarrestin and FD recombinant plasmids were stablely transfected in NCI-H460 cell line. The positive clones were identified by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results： Full length fragment of angioarrestin gene （1 473 bp） and C-FD domain （560 bp） were successfully amplified from human liver cDNA library by PCR. The pcDNA3. 1-ARP and pcDNA3. 1-FD recombinant plasmids were also constructed successfully as identified by PCR and enzyme digestion. RT-PCR and Western blot showed the expression of target mRNA and protein in NCI-H460 cells. Conclusion： The eukaryotic expression vectors of angioarrestin and C-FD gene have been successfully constructed and expressed in NCI-H460 cells, which pave a way for further study on the anti-angiogenesis function of angioarrestin in cancer.

Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the relation between the single nucleotide polymorphism of CYP2D6 gene G4268C and the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer. Methods： A case-control study was conducted among 118 lung cancer patients and 118 control subjects （matched for sex, age） to investigate the role of CYP2D6 gene G4268C polymorphism in lung cancer; PCRRFLP was used to identify the genotypes of polymorphism. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to lung cancer. Results： The frequency of G4268→C mutation in case and control group were 69.49% and 75.00%, respectively. Non-C4268/C genotype （including G4268/G and G4268/C genotype） was correlated to the high risk of lung cancer, with OR adjusted by gender, age and smoking being 1.80 （9% CI= 1.06-3.06）, especially to lung adenocarcinoma （OR being 2.95[95% CI= 1.39-6. 233）. After stratified analysis of smoking history and adjusting by gender and age, it was revealed that non-C4268/C genotype was associated with significantly increased risk of lung cancer in non-smokers and light-smokers group, with OR=2. 12 （95% CI=1. 03-4. 36） and OR= 3. 75 （950/00 CI=1. 15-12. 22）, respectively. Conclusion： C4268/C genotype may be a protective factor in lung adenocarcinoma patients and may decrease the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers and light-smorkers.

Abstract:Objective： To investigate the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） of adiponectin （APM1） gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods： Three common binding sites （-11377C〉G, ＋45T〉G, and ＋276G〉 T） of SNP on the APM1 gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCRRFLP） assay in 75 pedigrees （337 individuals） of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genehunt software was used to analyze the transmission-disequilibrium （TDT） and to calculate SNP combining haplotypes. Meanwhile, the physiological and biochemical parameters were also determined in the pedigrees of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results： We found no preferential transmission in the tested binding sites or any haplotypes of SNP in the APM1 gene in the filial generation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In type 2 diabetes mellitus group, GG genotype had higher body mass index （BMI）（P=0. 032） and waist circumference （WC）（P= 0. 030） compared to CC genotype in the patients with SNP-11377 binding site; patients with G allele had lower levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）（P= 0. 006）and higher levels of fasting plasma insulin （FINS） （P= 0. 011） as compared to CC genotype. However, FINS levels （P=0. 021） in subjects with CC genotype were significantly lower than those with G allele in healthy control group. For patients with SNP＋45 binding site, those with GG genotypes had higher BMI （P=0. 036） and lower levels of FINS （P=0. 014） than those with TT genotypes in both groups. For patients with SNP＋276 binding site, those with GG genotypes had higher BMI（P=0. 043） than those with T allele in the control group. Conclusion： The SNP of the APM1 gene is not associated with the pedigrees of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but APM1 gene has influence on the function of insulin B cells and the development of obesity.

Abstract:Objective：To study the different inhibitory effects of capsule-depleted and wild type Cryptococcus neoformans （C. neoformans） on human umbilical vein endothelial cell （HUVEC）, so as to clarify the role of C. neoformans capsule. Methods： The infection process of HUVEC by C. neoformans and the cellular morphologic changes of HUVEC were observed by transmission eletron microscope （TEM）. The cell inhibition rates were detected with CCK-8 kit at different phases. Results： TEM observation revealed different degrees of cell damages after co-cultured with the above 2 strains of C. neoformans, with the loose endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, nuclei damage, and disarranged cell structure. The result of CCK-8 showed that there was no significant difference in the inhibition rates of HUVEC between the 2 groups 30 min after co-culture （P〉0. 05）. 1 h, 2 h , 3 h, and 4 h after co-culture, the inhibition rate in capsule-depleted group was higher than that of the wild strain group（P〈0.05）, with the inhibition rate being 79% at 1 hour. Five hours after co-culture, the inhibition rates were similar in capsule-depleted group and wild strain group（P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Capsule-depleted C. neoformans causes more significant endothelial cell injury than wild strain C. neoformans does, indicating that the capsule play an important role in C. neoformans-induced damage of endothelial cells.

Abstract:Objective：To determine the plasma level of soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand （sTRAIL） in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis （PBC） and to explore its clinical significance. Methods： The plasma levels of sTRAIL were examined in 30 patients with PBC, 25 patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and 30 healthy donors with ELISA. Meanwhile, the concentrations of plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase （GGT） and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） were examined and their correlation with sTRAIL was analyzed. Results： The plasma level of sTRAIL in PBC patients was （1 543.9±344.2） pg/ml ,which was significantly higher than that of healthy donors （[1 098.5 ± 264.7] pg/ml, P〈0.01） ; sTRAIL level in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis was （1 624.1±415.8） pg/ml, which was significantly higher than that of control （[1 098.5±264.7] pg/ml, P〈0.05）. We also found that sTRAIL level was positively correlated with GGT and ALP concentrations in PBC patients （r=0. 63,0. 71, P〈0.01）, but not with those in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis （r=0. 43,0.31 ,P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Plasma sTRAIL level is elevated in PBC patients and is correlated with GGT and ALP concentrations, indicating that sTRAIL may contribute to the impair of the intrahepatic bile ducts and is associated with the mobility of PBC.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the expression of cellular FLICE-Iike inhibitory protein long form （cFLIPL） mRNA in colon cancer and to assess its relationship with the biological behavior and prognosis of colon cancer. Methods： Expression of cFLIPL mRNA was examined in 86 colon cancer samples and their corresponding normal tissues by semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique. Expression of CEA and P53 in the colon cancer samples was assayed by SABC immunohistochemistry staining. The plasma levels of CEA and CA19-9 were determined by microparticle enzyme-linked immunoassay （MEIA） before operation. Colon cancer tissues were divided into cFLIPL mRNA high expression group and low expression group based on the average value of all the 86 patients. The relationship between the high expression of cFLIPL mRNA and the different clinical features and pathological characters was determined. We also compared the 5-year accumulative survival rates of the 2 groups. Results： The expression of cFLIPL mRNA in the colon cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the matched normal tissues （0.59±0.10 vs 0.36±0. 10, P〈0.05）. Fifty-six （65. 1%） patients out of 86 had high expression of cFLIP.., mRNA. The cFLIPL mRNA high expression rates in Dukes B,C and D stage patients had an increasing tendency, being 55.3 %,67.5 % and 100%, respectively （P〈0.05）. The postoperative 5-year accumulative survival rate in cFLIPL mRNA high expression group was lower than that in the low expression group （41.1% vs 56.70%, P〈0.05）. There was no significant correlation between cFLIPL mRNA high expression and clinical features/pathological characters other than Dukes stages in the present cohort. Conclusion.. cFLIPL may be related to the clinical staging and prognosis of colon cancer. Detection of cFLIPL mRNA expression in colon cancer tissues can help to fully understand the overall condition of patients, guide treatment, and predict prognosis.

Abstract:Objeetive： To study the in vitro anti-tumor effect of methotrexate （MTX） and vincristine （VCR）-loaded erythrocytes. Methods： MTX-4-VCR-loaded, MTX-loaded, and VCR-loaded erythrocytes were prepared by modified hypoosmotic swelling technique. K562 cells were treated with the prepared erythrocytes, pure erythrocytes, MTX＋VCR solution, and RPMI 1640 medium. MTT assay was used to examine the proliferation of K562 cells. The cell cycle of K562 was observed by flow cytometer using PI dyeing. The apoptosis of co-cultured K562 cells was analyzed by flow cytometer with Annexin VFITC/PI kit. Results： MTX ＋ VCR-loaded erythrocytes efficiently inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of co-cultured K562 cells in a time-dependent manner, and its effects were better than those mono-loaded ones （P〈0. 05） and unloaded ones（P〈0.01）. Cellular cycle analysis demonstrated that, compared with control groups, proportion of K562 cells at G0/G1 phase decreased whereas that at S phase increased 12 hours after co-cultured with MTX＋VCR-loaded erythrocytes. 24 hours after co-cultured with MTX ＋ VCR-loaded erythrocytes the cells at G2/M phase increased and the cells in S phase decreased compared with those of 12 hours; there were significant difference between MTX＋VCR group and unloaded group; and the MTX＋VCR-loaded erythrocytes had a similar effect to that of MTX＋VCR solution. Conclusion： Compared with pure erythrocytes and mono-loaded erythrocytes, MTXA-VCR-loaded erythrocytes have more potent anti-tumor effect.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effect of homocysteine （HCY） in promoting senescence of cultured endothelial cells （EC） and the underlying mechanism, Methods： Bovine aortic endothelial cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion method from new born calf and were randomly divided into 4 groups. Cells in control group were not treated with HCY and those in the other 3 groups were treated with HCY with the final concentrations being 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mmol/L. The cultured cells were observed morphologically and stained with β-Gal; the cell cycle was examined with flow cytometric method （FCM） and the telomere length was analyzed by Southern blotting. Meanwhile, the contents of nitric oxide（NO）, endothelin （ET）, MDA and the activity of GSH-Px were determined in the supernatants. Results： Compared with control group, the 3 HCY groups had more β-Gal positive cells and shorter telomere length. Cells of G0/G1 phase in the 3 HCY groups were significantly increased than those of control group （P〈0.05） and the cells of S-phase were significantly decreased （P〈0.01）; the contents of NO in supernatants of 3 HCY groups were significantly lower than that of control group（P〈0.05） and the contents of ET, Ox-LDL were markedly higher than that of control group（P〈0.05） ; the contents of MDA and the activity of GSH-Px were similar in all groups. Conclusion： It is indicated that homocysteine may accelerate senescence in endothelial cells, which is not related to oxygenation and reduction.

Abstract:Objective： To investigate the expression of CD105 in oxygen-induced retinopathy （OIR） in C57BL/6J mice. Methods： Forty 7-day old C57BL/6J mice were evenly randomized into normal control group and hyperbaric oxygen group. The OIR model was induced with hyperbaric oxygen; the retinal neovascularization was observed by H-E staining and the expression of CD105 in OIR was observed by immunohistochemistry staining. Results： H-E staining indicated that the retinal neovascularization model was successfully estabished. CD105 was strongly expressed in the hyperbaric oxygen group, with the integral photodensity of angiogenesis being 9 985.63± 1 016.28 per mouse and the positive staining area being （14 246.61 ± 6 052.29） μm^2 per mouse; CD105 was weakly expressed in the control group with the integral photodensity of angiogenesis being 1 625.36±638.44 per mouse and the positive staining area being （3 619.31±1 760.03） μm^2 per mouse; the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion： CD105 may play a role in the retinal neovascularization; detection of CD105 might be valuable in evaluating retinal neovascularization and the subsequent treatment.

Abstract:1 临床资料 患者，男，39岁，因“反复发作性晕厥1d”于2006年4月11日入院。患者于2006年3月29日因“网球肘”在当地医院行“小针刀”治疗，术后服用“头孢拉定2片，3次／d”及“诺松（奥沙普秦）2片，2次／d”共7d。2006年4月7日上午，患者突感黑矇，随后意识丧失、摔倒、大小便失禁，持续约1min后苏醒。20min后，再次出现上述症状，持续约1min后苏醒，即到当地医院就诊，[第一段]

Abstract:Objective： To investigate the correlation between atrial tissue aldosterone level and atrial extracellular matrix remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation and to evaluate the effects of aldosterone on the progress of atrial structural remodeling. Methods： Twenty-five patients with rheumatic heart valve disease （12 with sinus rhythm, 13 with chronic atrial fibrillation for ~6 months） were included in the present study. The right and left atrial lateral wall tissue samples（ 12 right and 7 left atrial samples in patients with sinus rhythm; 13 right and 8 left atrial samples in patients with atrial fibrillation）were obtained during mitral/aortic valve replacement operation. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine aldosterone level in local atria. Type Ⅰ or Ⅲ collagen volume fraction （CVF- Ⅰ or CVF-Ⅲ ） and total collagen volume fraction （CVF） were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and VG staining, respectively. Results： The left atrial diameters increased markedly in the atrial fibrillation group as compared to those in the sinus rhythm group（P〈.0. 01）. Aldosterone level, CVF-Ⅰ , CVF-Ⅰ/CVF-Ⅲ ratio, and total CVF in atrial fibrillation group were also increased significantly than those of sinus rhythm group（P〈0.01）, whereas CVF-Ⅲ remained compatible in the 2 groups. Aldosterone level, CVF- Ⅰ , CVF-Ⅰ/CVF-Ⅲ ratio, and total CVF were similar between the left atria and right atria in both groups. It was found that CVF-Ⅰ was positively correlated with the left atrial dimension （r=0. 856, P〈0. 001）, CVF was positively correlated with left atrial dimension（r=0. 845, P〈.0. 001）, and CVF-Ⅰ/CVF-Ⅲ ratio was positively correlated with atrial fibrillation duration（r=0. 766, P〈0.01）. Aldosterone level in local atria was also positively correlated with left atrial dimension （r= 0. 814, P〈0. 001） and CVF （r = 0. 885, P〈0. 001）. Conclusion： Local atria aldosterone level may promote the process of atrial structural remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation and may also participate in the development and persistence of atrial fibrillation.

Abstract:Objective：To access the application of percutaneous coronary angioplasty via radial artery in treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Methods： Totally 107 patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI） were included in this study. Transradial approach （group A） percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） was used in 56 patients and the transfemoral approach （group B） PCI was used in 51 patients. The successful rates of puncture procedure and PCI, time of artery cannulation, the cannulation to balloon inflation times, the total procedure time, and local puncture complications were compared between the 2 groups. Results： The successful rates of puncture procedure were 100% in both groups and their successful rates of PCI were higher than 96%. The time of artery cannulation, the cannulation to balloon inflation time, and the total procedure time were similar in group A and group B （[2.93±0.42] min vs [3.07±0.54] min, P=0.14; [17.23±3.47] minvs [16.81±4.86] min, P=0.61; [47.04±7.53] min vs [48.74±6.22] rain, P=0.21, respectively）. The incidence of bleeding and edema around puncture sites in group B was higher than that in group A （5/51 vs 0/56, P=0. 016 4）3 the vagal reaction rate in group B was higher than that in group B （4/51 vs 0/56, P=0. 032 7）. Conclusion： Transradial access is a safe and feasible technique for performing percutaneous coronary intervention in treatment of acute myocardial infarction; it can decrease major bleeding complications

Abstract:Objective： To design and synthesize the triazole derivatives with the side chain containing tert-butyl and 4- substitued-piperazin-l-yl and to investigate their antifungal activities in vitro. Methods： The triazole derivatives were synthesized through several steps using 3, 3-dimethylbutyryl chloride as the starting material. All the target compounds were confirmed by 1 HNMR to be 1-（ 1 H-l, 2, 4-triazol-l-yl）-2-（ 3, 3-dimethyl）-3 -[ （ 4-substituted ）-piperazin-l-yl]-2-propanols. Candida albicans （ ATCC76615 ）, Cryptococcus neoformans （ ATCC32609）, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum lauosum, Fonsecaea compacta, and Aspergillus fumigatus were used to test the antifungal activities of the target compounds in vitro according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards （NCCLS）. Results： Eleven target compounds were obtained and all of them were firstly reported. We also found that all the 11 compounds had certain antifungal activities against the 8 tested strains. Conclusion： Compound 9 has a better effect against Cryptococcus neoformans than fluconazole and itraconazole; compound 8 has a better effect against Aspergillus fumigatus than fluconazole; these two compounds deserve further study

Abstract:Objective： To introduce a new template peak matching algorithm for calculating the similarity of chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese herbs. Methods： Tanshinone ⅡA in S. miltiorrhiza Bge of different batches were determined by HPLC and the chromatograms of them were obtained. We designated a new peak matching algorithm based on the previous algorithms, which employed a certain real chromatographic fingerprint as their template. In the new algorithm, we arranged the retention times of chromatographic peaks of all chromatograms into an ascending order, forming a template. The sorting procedure complied with the following 2 rules. First, the same peak matches the nearest corresponding peak. Second, one peak does not appear twice in the same chromatogram. Results： The new algorithm avoided the shortcomings of previous algorithm, such as mismatching and missed matching, and obtained a satisfactory outcome. Conclusion： Our new algorithm provides a basis for improving the reliability of retention time-based peak matching algorithm

Abstract:Objective：To explore the factors influencing the incidence of stroke in an intervention population. Methods： A community based population aged 35 years old or over was cluster sampled from Shanghai Nanhui county. Individuals with at least one risk factor of stroke were selected to receive a cerebral vascular hemodynamic index （CVHI） examination. The patients with CVHI score below 70 were defined as high risk population and they received an intensive intervention based on general intervention for 3 years （1999-2001）. The present case control study included 402 stroke cases and 804 controls at high risk of stroke. The differences of CVHI were compared between 2 groups; the relationship between the studied factors and stroke was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. Results： The mean CVHI scores of case and control groups were 31.85±20.01 and 40.41±18.99, respectively （P〈0.001）. A significant dosage response was found between the decrease of CVHI score and the increase of stroke risk. Univariate analysis indicated that hypertension was the risk factor of stroke and taking key medication of intensive intervention was the protective factor of stroke, and their odds ratios （95% CI） were 2.43 （1.25,4.84） and 0.43 （0.33,0.55）, respectively. Multiple factors analysis showed that hypertension, taking key medication for intensive intervention, and screening by CVHI score were the independent influence factors of stroke. Conclusion： The primary risk factors of stroke are hypertension and the decrease of CVHI score; taking key medication of intensive intervention can markahly decrease the risk of stroke

Abstract:Objective： To evaluate the efficacy of transconjunctival approach for patients with orbital cavernous hemangiomas, and to understand its relationship with imaging localization. Methods： We retrospectively studied the clinical data of 39 patients with orbital cavernous hemangioma who were treated with transconjunctival orbitotomy. The clinical and radiologic characteristics of orbital cavernous hemangiomas, the surgical outcomes, and the selection criteria were analyzed. Results： We noticed that all the cavernous hemangiomas in this study were just behind the globe or compressing the globe. CT and MRI showed that all the 39 hemangiomas were located in the muscle cone, round in shape and with well-defined margins. The hemangiomas of 36 patients, which showed slight adhesion and no large draining vein by image examination, were completely resected. One patient with large draining vein was also extirpated completely, but only with visual loss. In the other 2 patients with tight adhesion, most fragments of tumors were removed. The successful rate of operation was 92.3%. The visual acuity increased in 6 of 9 cases with primary visual impairment. All the 32 patients with primary proptosis had their symptoms resolved completely. The treatment outcomes were obvious in 32 （82. 1%） patients, remained unchanged in 5 （12.8%） patients, and worsened in 2（5. 1%） patients. Conclusion： Retrobulbar intraconal cavernous hemangiomas can be removed successfully through a transconjunctival approach. However, other approaches must be recommended if the tumor is closely attached to the orbital apex, adheres tightly to the retrobulbar tissues, or with large draining veins.

Abstract:Caplp, encoded by CAP1, is a basic region-leucine zipper （bZip） transcription factor in Candida albicans. It has been proven to play important roles in both drug resistance and oxidative stress. Within the AP-1 family, Caplp belongs to the same subgroup which also includes Yaplp, Yap2p, and Paplp. The function of Caplp is regulated by a nuclear localization mechanism. In recent years, some target genes of Caplp have been discovered and the differences as well as similarities between Caplp and Yaplp have been revealed. However, the role of Caplp in the drug resistance of Candida albicans still needs to be further investigated. Currently drug resistance and oxidative stress are the 2 focuses in the research of fungal pathogens, making Caplp very important in the future study. The authors have been involved in Caplp research for a long time and this review introduces the current progress in the area

Abstract:Sleep deprivation, as a stress just like starvation and anoxia, can induce the physiological function changes, such as emotion disorders, cognition disorders, and immune disorders. Oxidative stress is common in cells and is closely related to aging, Alzheimer disease, Pakinson diseases, etc. Previous studies showed that sleep deprivation could induce oxidative stress via different pathways, namely, the increase of the metabolic rate and free radicals, the depress of antioxidant ability, and the indirect effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this review we summarize the recent progress on the above fields

Abstract:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration （FTLD） is a non-Alzheimer dementia syndrome characterized by focal atrophy of the frontal and/or temporal lobes. Recently, it has been found that FTLD is related to the degeneration of tau protein, and is closely associated with corticobasal ganglionic degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and motor neuron disease. This article reviews the progress in etiology, genetics, pathology, clinical features, and diagnostic criteria of FTLD

Abstract:Objective：To verify whether hot PBS washing after the enzymatic reaction between tyramine and horseradish peroxidase can improve the sensitivity and specificity of catalyzed signal amplification （CSA）. Methods： Using 7 different types of primary antibodies and 2 tumor microarray system, we carried out EnVision, LSAB, Standard CSA, and modified CSA staining and compared their sensitivities and specificities. Results： The modified CSA method was the most sensitive one among the 4 methods, followed by standard CSA, EnVision, and LsAB method. The sensitivity of modified CSA method was 2-3 times higher than that of standard CSA. The 4 methods had similar background staining and had exact localization of cells. Conclusion： The modified CSA is more stable and sensitive than traditional CSA staining method

Abstract:Objective：To introduce a new method for implanting pacemaker leads by puncturing the cephalic vein. Methods： Twenty-five patients who needed implantation of dual-chamber pacemakers or cardiac resynchronization therapy （CRT） were included in the present study. A guide wire and an introducer sheath were inserted successively after puncturing the cephalic vein. Another 1 or 2 guide wires were inserted into the introducer sheath and the introducer sheath was drawn back. Then 2 or 3 peel-away introducer sheaths were separately inserted via each guide wire, and the pacemaker leads were inserted into blood vessels and advanced into the heart. Results： Two or 3 peel-away introducer sheaths were successfully inserted into the blood vessels in 22 of the 25 patients, with no complications such as hematoma, pneumothorax, or subclavian artery puncture. We failed to isolate the cephalic veins in the other 3 patients and the patients were successfully converted to subclavian vein puncture. Conclusion： Our new method avoids the severe complications of traditional subclavian puncture. Compared with cephalic veins incision, our new method makes it easier and accurate for the pacemaker leads manipulation. But the cephalic veins are sometimes difficult to isolate

Abstract:目的：观察人胰腺癌组织中增殖诱导配体（APRIL）蛋白的表达情况，探讨其与胰腺癌生物学行为的关系。方法：龟疫组化染色法检测人胰腺癌组织（n=20）及正常胰腺组织（n=10）APRIL蛋白的表达，分析不同临床病理指标下胰隙癌组织中APRIL蛋白的表达。结果：胰腺癌组织中APRII．阳性率为90．0％（18／20）．明显高于正常胰腺组织0（0／10）。胰腺墙组织不同临床精理指标下（肿瘤分化程度、有无淋巴结转移、有无远处转移、肿瘤大小）．APRIL蛋白表达无显著差异。结论：APRIL蛋白表达可能与胰腺癌的发生、发展有关

Abstract:目的：超声影像学观察犬冠状静脉窦回流与冠状动脉灌流之间的关系．探索一种无刨性评价心脏整体灌注的方法。方法：成年杂种犬20只。成功结扎后存活18只，随机分为3组（n=6）：吉冠状动脉（RCA）结扎组、左前降支/左回旋支（LAD/LCX）结扎组、LAD＋LCCX双支结扎组。结扎前超声测定冠状静脉窭（CS）及左冠状动脉主干（LCA）的速度时间积分（VTI）值．并进行相关性分析；结扎后观测比较各组CS血流指标的变化。结果：结扎前20只犬LCA与CS的VTI值有一定相关（P〈0．05,r=0．70）；RCA结扎组及LAD／LCX结扎组结扎前、后CS的各指标无显著差异；LAD＋LCX双支结扎细结扎后CS的内径增大（P〈0．05），而平均流速（Vmeen）及VTI值减低（P〈0．05），坦血流量（Q）无显著变化。结论：超声测定犬冠状静脉卖对评价左冠脉灌注有一定的阶值，各指标中尢以Vmeen和VTI值意义较大。

Abstract:目的：观察及评价奥卡西平单药治疗成年癫痫患者的疗效和安全性。方法：109例临床新确诊的成年癫痫患者随机分为2组，一组以奥卡西平单药治疗（OXC组），另一组予以传统抗癫痫药物（卡马西平或丙戊酸钠等）单药治疗（AEDs组），随访6个月，比较两组的癫痫发作频率和不良反应。结果：OXC组总有效率79．6％，完全控制率为42．6％，不良反应的发生率20．4％，且症状较轻，患者耐受性良好；AEDs组总有效率76．4％，完全控制率41．8％，不良反应的发生率38．2％．症状多为中度，需给予对症处理或停药。两组治疗总有效率无明显差异，不良反应发生率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：奥卡西平抗癫痫疗效肯定，不良反应轻微，是一种广谱、有效、安全的新型抗癫痫药物

Abstract:目的：比较喉罩麻醉下行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术中应用不同剂量瑞芬太尼时的临床效果。方法：60例择期行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术的患者，随机分为3组，每组20例，采用相同方法快速静脉诱导置入喉罩后，术中以普鲁泊福复合0．1、0．2、0．4μg·kg^-1·min^-1 3种不同剂量瑞芬太尼持续微泵静脉注射维持麻醉，监测麻醉过程中的心电图（ECG）、心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MBP）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO。）和呼气末二氧化碳分压（PetCOz）变化。记录术中用药、体动情况以及苏醒时间。结果：所有患者均顺利完成手术，无术中知晓发生。瑞芬太尼剂量为0．1μg·kg^-1·min^-1时，术中心率、血压波动大。患者体动发生率高（45％，9／20），所用肌松药量多；0．2μg·kg^-1·min^-1时，术中心率、血压波动较小．术后患者苏醒较快；0．4μg·kg^-1·min^-1时，术中心率、血压抑制作用明显，所用血管活性药物量大。术后患者苏醒时间长。结论：输尿管镜钬激光碎石术中应用喉罩通气下的全凭静脉麻醉可取得较好的效果。使用剂量为普鲁泊福4mg·kg^-1·h^-1、瑞芬太尼0．2μg·kg^-1·min^-1时，能够获得术中麻醉深度和术后苏醒两方面的平衡．是输尿管镜钬激光碎石手术中较佳的瑞芬太尼剂量。

Abstract:目的：探讨硝苯地平、诺氟沙星、泼尼松联合治疗输尿管结石的排石效果。方法：126例直径〈0．6cm输尿管结石患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各63例。治疗组给予硝苯地平、诺氟沙星、泼尼松口服，对照组嘱患者多饮水及增加活动。比较治疗组和对照组的排石效果，排石时间。结果：治疗组56例患者排出结石，有效率为88．9％。对照组41例患者排出结石，有效率为65．1％，两者存在统计学差异（P〈0．01）。治疗组结石排出时间为（9．2±4．3）d，对照组为（12．3±5．7）d，两者存在统计学差异（P〈0．01）。结论：对于直径〈0．6cm的输尿管结石，硝苯地平、诺氟沙星、泼尼松联合治疗能加快结石的排出，缩短排石时间

Abstract:基质金属蛋白酶与动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展、血管壁重构、斑块破裂、血栓形成等过程密切相关，基质金属蛋白酶表达的增高与动脉粥样硬化的严重程度相关。抑制动脉粥样硬化时基质金属蛋白酶的表达对防治动脉粥样硬化以及稳定斑块有重要作用。本研究观察辛伐他汀对兔动脉粥样硬化模型主动脉基质金属蛋白酶-9表达的影响。[第一段]

Abstract:同侧肾输尿管膀胱瓣全部切除是治疗上尿路上皮癌的标准手术方法。传统上通常需要2个切口，手术创伤较大，时间较长，而且标本不易做到整块切取。随着微创外科技术的发展，通过一个切口或几个孔洞完成手术已成为可能，而且能做到整块切取，更符合肿瘤的根治原则，并在临床上发展出多种方法，但无非都是经尿道电切技术与开放手术相结合或经尿道电切技术与腹腔镜技术相结合。[第一段]

Abstract:1 临床资料 患者，男．55岁。因“颈椎人工椎间盘置换术（cervical artificial disc replacement，CADR）后四肢活动障碍13个月”于2006年8月3日入院。患者于13个月前因“行走不稳、双手麻木半年”于外院行C5/6 Bryan Disc置换术，麻醉苏醒后呈四肢瘫。当地予神经营养、高压氧、针灸等治疗后，屈肘、肩关节外展自主运动部分恢复。术后侧位片C5/6间隙见人工椎间盘（artificialdisc，AD，图1A）；[第一段]

Abstract:1 病例资料 患者，女，37岁，因“反复气促3个月，水肿]个月余，双下肢瘀斑半天”于2006—01—27入院。3个月前（兰时妊娠4个月）无明显诱因下出现胸闷气促，并伴有夜间陪发性呼吸困难，但未到医院就诊。在1个月前（妊娠6个月），又出现双下肢水肿，遂到外院就诊，经心脏彩超、胸片等检查后考虑肺动脉高压（PAH），予中止妊娠以及利尿、扩张血管等处理（具体诊治不详）。[第一段]

Abstract:1 临床资料 患者男性，32岁。自幼患血友病（A型）．入院前1年无明显诱因出现左膝肿胀伴疼痛，末拍片。2个月后活动时发生断裂。当地医院拍片示“左股骨下段肿瘤、病理性骨折”，保守治疗。于2005年6月来我院就诊收住。查体：左大腿下段肿胀、压痛，表面无静脉曲张、局部皮温不高．左膝关节无明显肿胀，左膝关节强直，屈曲10。入院诊断：（1）左股骨下段假性肿瘤伴病理性骨折；（2）左膝血友病性骨关节病；（3）血友病A型。[第一段]

Abstract:1 临床资料 患者，男性，51岁，因左臀部肿物9年突发疼痛15d入院。患者于9年前发现左臀部有一肿块．花生大小，逐渐增大，近2年增大明显，无疼痛、破溃．周围皮肤无红肿．未行任何治疗。近15d以来突发疼痛，严重影响正常生活。查体见左臀可见一18cm×18cm×10cm的肿块．高出皮肤．表面无破溃．周围皮肤无红肿，基底活动差．肿块及周围组织轻压痛，肿块表面皮温明显高于周围． 波动感。[第一段]