Abstract:The rapid medical rescue action by People’s Liberation Army after Wenchuan Earthquake demonstrated the great role of military health rescue power; meanwhile, it also uncovered some problems in the military health services under new condition. To excellently accomplish multiple types of military missions is a new function of the army, and it puts forward new demand on military health service. Military medical university plays an important role in military medical services and has strong advantages. Under new condition, military medical university should take advantage of itself, reform training system, renew training contents, so as to upgrade the military health service capability in an all around way.

Abstract:Health reconstruction is an important part of post-earthquake reconstruction task. To do a better job in health reconstruction after a disaster, we should, based on previous experience and the characteristics of different periods, properly utilize the health resources for the disaster relief and exercise long-term management. And in a long run, we should, taking into consideration of the future health demands, plan the health reconstruction in the disaster areas. Emphasis should be made on the personnel training for epidemic prevention. Efforts should be made to fully recover the health system in the disaster area and the recovered health system should be better than that before disaster.

Abstract:Epidemic of infectious diseases after devastating earthquakes is affected by various factors,including the damage of infrastructure,geographic and climate condition as well as human activity.Pollution of water resources,increase of biological vectors,poor sanitation condition as well as the local or introduced pathogens are the major risk factors for food- or water-borne diseases,vector-borne diseases and air-borne diseases after the earthquake.Prevention and control of infectious diseases in the disaster area should focus on the source of infection,transmission pathway and susceptible population.Meanwhile,attention should be paid on ecological deterioration caused by excessive use of insecticides and disinfectants.Health education to the disaster refugees and rebuilding of local public health infrastructure are the keys for the consistency of epidemic prevention.This article analyzes some possible problems concerning epidemic prevention after the devastating earthquake and proposes 10 suggestions for disease control and prevention during the later period of epidemic prevention.

Abstract:Objective:To understand the psychological status of the rescue troops one month after rescue action for the devastating earthquake and to explore the effect of some important events on the psychological status of soldiers.Methods: The subjects were randomly selected from the 3 major rescue forces,a Cannon troop from PLA Chengdu Military Area Command,a Cannon troop from PLA Jinan Military Area Command and Armed Police Forces of Sichuan Province,32-42 days after the disaster rescue.A total of 170 subjects were tested with Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90), and the results were compared with the norms of normal Chinese and Chinese serviceman.Student’s t test was used to determine the significance of the differences.Results: A total of 78 valid questionnaires were analyzed.The total score of SCL-90 was 130.25±33.07 for the rescuers,the positive items was 27.59±15.75,and the mean factorial score was 1.28-1.64.The somatization score was higher (P＜0.05) and the interpersonal sensitivity score was lower (P＜0.01) than the norms of the Chinese.The factorial scores of obsession,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,paranoid and psychotic were lower than the norm of Chinese servicemen (all P＜0.01).Soldiers with experience of searching dead bodies had lower scores in sleep and food consumption,and higher score of positive items ( all P＜0.01 for each) compared those without the related experience.Conclusion: The psychological status of the earthquake-rescuers is basically normal 32-42 days after the earthquake.Some positive items are associated with the experience such as body treatments.Surveillance of psychological disorders in these troops is helpful for the early diagnosis and intervention of psychological problems.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the concerns over disease prevention in local residents of Yingxiu Town of Wenchuan County before and 15, 30 days after the earthquake, so as to provide scientific evidences for epidemic prevention in the public. Methods: Self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on the disease prevention among the local earthquake-refugees. Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of difference. Results: A total of 121 effective questionnaires were collected. We found that the number of the residents who received health education was significantly increased after earthquake (P=0.000). The choice of drinking water was spring water and tap water before the earthquake, and the bottled water and spring water were the top choice after earthquake. Significantly more people considered the flies in the feces pool should be controlled after earthquake (P=0.001); the numbers of residents considered that rubbish should be buried or burned and hands should be washed after defecation were also significantly increased. The consciousness of epidemic diseases (reminding others and reporting to the authorities) was significantly intensified among people (P=0.001). Most residents chose insecticides for the control of mosquitoes and flies. After the earthquake, the residents were more concerned over their health, and they had an intensified expectation for medical aids from the troops and were more willing to take drugs. Conclusion: Health education intensifies the concerns over epidemic prevention in the residents of Yingxiu Town after earthquake. However, they tend to depend too much on medication and disinfection services.

Abstract:Objective:To determine the density and distribution of flies in military camps in Yingxiu Town of Wenchuan County,and provide evidences for pertinent disinsection to reduce the incidence of food-borne infectious diseases. Methods: The densities of flies in camps of the Iron Army,Armed Police Forces and the Red Army were determined using trap glue boards. Sites of sampling were selected according to spacial representativeness and homogeneity. The numbers of flies caught on the boards were counted after a period of 8 h (from 8:00 AM-16:00 PM) in different climate conditions. Non-parameters test and paired Student t test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The densities of fly distribution were significantly different between the 3 camps. The flies concentrated in the kitchen areas,temporary restrooms,and garbage dumping grounds. More flies were found in the hot,sunshine weather than in the cool,cloudy weather. Insecticide chlordimeform was very effective in controlling the flies. Insecticide-resistance was not observed. Conclusion: The deteriorating environment around the camps is the major reason for the increased density of flies in the camps. The poor sanitation condition is also a reason for increase of flies. Selective spray of insecticides in these specific sites,like temporary restrooms and rabbish dumping grounds,can effectively reduce the density of flies in the tents; attention should be paid to avoid ecology deterioration caused by over disinsection.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the organism pollution of various water resources in Yingxiu Town after earthquake,so as to provide evidence for safe and permanent drinking water resources.Methods:From the 32nd to the 37th day after Wenchuan Earthquake,the water samples were collected from different water resources around the camping areas of the disaster refugees and military rescuers in Yingxiu Town; the resources included the mountain spring (6 sites),valley water (4 sites),surface water (Min river,Pitiao river and the junction of the former 2 rivers),rain water (18 sites),water purified by military vehicles (7 sites) and chlorine-disinfected water (7 sites).The 85-type water examination kits were used to examine ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen contents,pH value,turbidity (observation with naked eye),smelling,and residual chlorine of the water samples.Bottled drinking water served as control.Average values and chi-square test were used for analysis of difference.Results:Two of the 4 valley water samples and all the surface water samples had a ammonia nitrogen content of 0.10-0.18 mg/L; the contents of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were similar between other water resources except for the above mentioned 2 valley water samples and the surface water samples.However,the average ammonia nitrogen contents in the directly harvested rain samples and rain samples dropped from the tents were 0.625 mg/L and 0.913 mg/L,respectively, both significantly higher than that in the control (0 mg/mL) and exceeding the safe standard (<0.05 mg/L).Nitrite nitrogen was detectable in some water samples dropped from the tents.The average pH value in direct rain water samples (6.07) was significantly lower than those in the springs (6.55),the valley water (6.60) and the surface water (6.63).Residual chlorine was not found in 4 of the 7 disinfected water sites.Conclusion:No recent or past organism pollution is found in the spring.The valley water and river water can be used as sources of drinking water after purification and disinfection.High ammonia nitrogen content in the direct rain samples suggests serious air pollution,mainly recent pollution. It is also indicated that the disinfection of drinking water is not up to the standard.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the incidence and major risk factors of skin diseases in soldiers of the earthquake-rescue troops in Yingxiu Town, and to evaluate the disinsection outcome in the camps.Methods: Two rescue teams were taken as subjects in this study.The incidence of skin diseases, hygiene status in the tents, and disinsection measures within 1 month after Wenchuan Earthquake were retrospectively studied from June 15 to June 20, 2008.Chi-square test was used to determine significance of difference.Results: The incidence of skin diseases was 42.20% in the rescue troops during the 1st month after the earthquake,with insect bite dermatitis and hair follicle dermatitis accounting for 82.05% and 15.38%, respectively.The incidences of skin diseases during the 1st, 2nd, and 4th week after the earthquake were significantly higher than that before the earthquake (P<0.05); the high incidence during the 4th week was associated with sleeping in the mountainous areas.Disinsection of the tents with 2.0% deltamethrin decreased the incidence of skin disease from 26.61% during the 2nd week to 0.92% during the 3rd week.Conclusion: The incidence of skin disease is obviously increased in the earthquake rescue troops; the major reasons are the poor hygiene condition and bites by the mosquitoes and insects.Regular disinsection can effectively decrease the incidence of skin diseases.

Abstract:Objective:To summarize our experience on perioperative anesthesia management under field condition after Wenchuan Earthquake.Methods: The clinical anesthesia data of 89 patients managed by the earthquake relief team of Changhai Hospital after Wenchuan Earthquake were retrospectively analyzed.The experience of perioperative anesthesia management was summarized.Results: The aneshesia methods included general anesthesia (1 pateint), ketamine anaesthesia with midazolam premedication (16 patients), epidural anesthesia (59 patients), and brachial plexus block (13 patients).All patients in our group were stable during perioperative period without anesthesia complications like respiratory depression, hypotension or oliguria.Conclusion: Under field condition, the principle of anesthesia management is to gaurantee the safety of patients, reduce physical and psychological trauma, and avoid the anesthesia complications.The anesthesia methods should be chosen according to different patients and must be properly applied.

Abstract:Objective:To summarize our experience on anesthesia management of patients who suffered from cervical spine injury after earthquake.Methods: The anesthesia management data of the 6 patients suffering from cervical spine injury during Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12,2008,China) were retrospectively analyzed.Results: After antishock treatment and stabilization of vital signs,the 6 patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia in an open field hospital (intubation was conducted with slow induction) or in our hospital (intubation was conducted with bronchofibroscope).During operation the patients showed smooth respiratory and cardiovascular characteristics,and recovered well after operation.Conclusion: Under the field condition,intubation with slow induction is a good choice for patients with cervical spine injury; while in a hospital,intubation with bronchofibroscope should be chosen because it causes less movement of cervical spine.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the effects of Dengue virus 2 (DV2) on the expression and secretion of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods:HUVECs were primarily isolated,purified and cultured.Cells of 2-3 generations were infected with DV2 with different MOI values (1,2,4,8 and 16). HUVECs cultured with RPMI1640 medium were taken as negative control.The viability of HUVECs was assessed by CCK-8 assay before and at different time points after DV2 infection(6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h).Flow cytometry was used to detect the VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs.The expression of cytoplasmic VCAM-1 mRNA was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results:When the MOI value was 2,DV2 had no significant influence on cell viability compared with the control group.DV2 infection significantly promoted the transcription of VCAM-1 mRNA compared with the control group(P<0.05).The expression of VCAM-1 mRNA peaked at 12 h after infection and remained at a higher level within 96 h(P<0.05).The expression at 12-48 h after infection was significantly higher than that at other time points(P<0.05).HUVECs hardly had VCAM-1 mRNA expression under normal condition. The expression of VCAM-1 protein was significantly increased at 12-72 h after infection compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:DV2 can increase the expression of VCAM-1 mRNA in HUVECs,which might be one of the important mechanisms for elevated vascular permeability and plasma leakage after DV2 infection.

Abstract:Objective:To screen for the differentially expressed genes during irradiation-induced malignant transformation of human bronchus epithelium cells (BEAS-2B).Methods: Suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) was used to construct a subtracted cDNA library of differentially expressed genes during irradiation-induced malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells.Then the subtracted library was screened by PCR and the differential fragments were sequenced and analyzed with BLAST.Fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR was used to investigate some of the differentially expressed genes.The new EST was registered in GenBank.Results: Then 40 clones were chosen to be sequenced from the library of increased expression and decreased expression respectively according to the length of insertion element.Totally 73 sequences were obtained from the 80 sequenced clones.Forty-one sequences were decreased in the transformed cells; BLAST analysis indicated that there were 6 known sequences,20 unknown sequences,7 void sequences and 8 repeated sequences.Thirty-two sequences were increased in the transformed cells; Blast analysis indicated that there were 14 known sequences,9 unknown sequences,and 9 repeated sequences.Fluorescent quantitative PCR revealed that,compared with control group,the expression of MY06,HACE1,ZNF143,and HNRPH1 were significantly increased in the radiation transforming group,with their mRNAs increased by 3.49,29.38,12.99 and 5.00 folds,respectively.Compared with control group,the expression of PCBP2,RPL15,and TCERG1 in the radiation transforming group was significantly decreased,with their mRNAs decreased by 1.89,48.77 and 11.95 folds,respectively.The 29 unknown sequences were registered in the GenBank (ID: EB643220-EB643248).Conclusion: The cDNA library has been successfully established for malignant transformation cellular model by suppression subtractive hybridization;the library includes a number of unknown genes.The increased gene ZNF143 is associated with cell proliferation and cell division.TCERG1,as an assistant transcription activation factor,plays an important role in the mRNA transcription and later modification.PCBP2,a Polyc connection protein,plays a modulating role in protein translation.These genes have not been reported in the radiation carcinogenicity.

Abstract:Objective：To investigate the promoter region CpG island methylation status of glutathione S-transferase p1(GSTP1) gene in prostate carcinoma (PCa) tissues and to search for new molecular markers for the early diagnosis of PCa.Methods: The promoter region CpG island methylation status of 31 PCa,18 benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues (BPH) and 3 normal prostate tissues (NP) were examined by nest methylation-specific PCR (NMSP) technique,cloning and sequencing.Results: NMSP showed that the methylation rates of PCa,BPH and NP tissues were 83%,0% and 0%,respectively.The CG sites methylation rates of PCa,BPH and NP tissues were 96%,34% and 37%,respectively as determined by cloning and sequencing (P<0.01),with no significant difference found between those of BPH and NP tissues(P>0.05).A combination of NMSP and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)was better than PSA alone in screen of PCa.Conclusion: CpG islands of promoter region of GSTP1 gene is hypermethylated in PCa tissues.NMSP is sensitive and specific in detection of GSTP1 methylation,which may serve as a new method for early screen of prostate carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective:To identify the differentially expressed proteins after activation of CCR5 by its ligand using two-dimensional electrophoresis.Methods: The HEK-293 cells stably expressing CCR5 were constructed.The global protein analysis in 293-CCR5 stables and mock cells was performed after treatment with RANTES.After analysis with the PDQuest image software,the differential spots were identified by MOLDI-TOF MS/MS.RT-PCR was performed to further analyze the changes at mRNA level.Results: Flow cytometry revealed that HEK-293 cells stably expressed CCR5.In this study,we analyzed the proteomic results to reveal the proteins which were significantly modulated by the activation of CCR5 with RANTES.Expression of dihydrofolate reductase was found in HEK-293 cells after RANTES treatment,which was confirmed by RT-PCR at the mRNA level.Conclusion: This proteomic study suggests that CCR5 activated by its ligand RANTES inhibits the expression of dihydrofolate reductase.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the effects of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) polymerization on the LPS-induced febrile reaction in rabbits and study its relationship with cAMP content,so as to investigate whether HSF1 plays a role in the fever limiting function and the possible mechanisms.Methods: Seventy rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups:(1)Normal control group(N),injection of ethanol in the lateral venericle;(2)Quercetin group(Q),injection of quercetin and ethanol solution(2.5 μmol/L);(3)Lipopolysaccharide group(L),LPS(0.5 μg/kg) was injected 10 min after injection of ethanol;(4)Quercetin plus LPS group(Q+L),LPS was injceted 10 min after injection of quercetin plus ethanol(2.5 μmol/L).The polymerization of HSF1 was induced by reproducing LPS-induced febrile reaction model in rabbits to assess the influence of polymerized HSF1 on LPS-induced febrile reaction.The content of cAMP in the hypothalamus was measured by radioimmunoassay.The expression of HSF1 and HSP70 protein in the hypothalamus was detected by Western blotting.Results: The difference between basal temperature and temperatures of defined time points ΔT (240-360 min) of Q+L group was significantly higher than that of L group (P<0.05); TRI6 was 8.32±0.63 in Q+L group,significantly higher than that of L group (P<0.05); and the contents of cAMP of Q+L group at all time points were significantly higher than those of the L group (P<0.01).Polymeric HSF1 content started to increase at 60 min after LPS injection and obviously increased when the body temperature reached the peak(180 min,being 1.77 folds that of the control level); then with the increase of HSF1 trimerization,the body temperature began to decrease.When pretreatment with quercetin was performed to inhibit polymerization of HSF,the levels of HSF1 trimerization at 60 min,180 min,240 min,and 360 min in Q+L group were significantly lower than those in the corresponding L group (all P<0.05); meanwhile,the expression of HSP70 was decreased,the content of cAMP was increased,the febrile reaction was intensified and the time course of the febrile reaction was extended.Conclusion: Polymeric HSF1 can inhibit the LPS-induced febrile reaction,which is probably related to the down-regulation of cAMP content in the hypothalamus.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the expression of MMP-9 in mouse brain tissue and its significance.Methods: Cryptococcosis suspension alone (fungal suspension group) or combined with aprotinin (aprotinin group) was injected in to female C57BL/6 mice via femoral vein cannulation.The expression of MMP-9 was examined immunohistochemically 8 h later.Meanwhile,the mouse brain tissue homogenate colony count (CFU) was observed and the results were compared with that of the immunohistochemical examination.Results: The expression of MMP-9 was markedly increased in the fungal suspension group compared with the normal control group (P＜0.01); the expression in the aprotinin group was not significantly different from that of the normal control group (P＞0.05).The amount of cryptococcosis in the brain tissue was positively correlated with expression of MMP-9.Conclusion: MMP-9 is overexpressed in the brain of mice with Cryptococcal meningitis; MMP-9 might lead to increased permeability of blood brain barrier.

Abstract:Objective：To construct a prokaryotic expression vector carrying thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx) gene of Branchiostoma belcheri Tsingtaunese and express it in E.coli.Methods: The cDNA fragments encoding TPx were obtained from Branchiostoma belcheri Tsingtaunese and were cloned into the expression vector pET-32a (+)M; the product was used to transform BL21(DE3) cells and expression of TPx protein was induced by IPTG.The recombinant TPx was expressed as a histidine fusion protein in E.coli and was purified with Ni chromatography and SP cation exchange chromatography.The expression and purification of TPx were analyzed by SDS-PAGE; the activity and structure of the protein were analyzed.Results: The recombinant plasmid pET-32a(+)M-TPx was highly expressed in E.coli.The purity of the protein was over 90% after purification; the molecular weight of the protein monomer was 24 460.The recombinant TPx protein existed as a mixture of both dimer and monomer.The recombinant TPx had a significant thiol-dependent peroxidase activity in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT),and it could protect plasmid DNA and thiol-protein from damages caused by metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO).Conclusion: The recombinant TPx protein has been successfully expressed in E.coli; its activity is closely related to the advanced structures.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the changes in common chemical signal molecules of neuroendocrineimmune (NEI) network and intervention of Tongxinluo (TXL,ultramicropulverization) of rats under hypoxia qiasthenia condition.Methods: Fortyfive male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups:control group,qiasthenia model group and TXL group (n=15).The rats in the former 2 groups were gavaged with CMCNa (10 ml/kg) once daily; those in the TXL group were gavaged with TXL (ultramicropulverization) suspended in CMCNa (10 ml/kg) once daily.After gavage,animals in the qiasthenia model group and TXL group were placed in a cabin with normal pressure hypoxia (7 h daily,6 d weekly for 5 weeks).At the end of the experiment,the biological characters of rats were observed and arterial blood gas was analyzed.The serum contents of serotonin (5HT),norepinephrine (NE),epinephrine (E),dopamine (DA) and IFNγ and TRH level in the hypothalamus were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the serum contents of corticosterone (Cort),T3,T4,IL1β,TNFα, and corticotropin release hormone(CRH) in the hypothalamus,and adrenocorticotropic hormone/thyroid stimulating hormone(ACTH/TSH) in the hypophysis cerebri were examined using radioimmunity method.Results: Compared with control group,the biological character scores of rats in the qiasthenia model group were significantly higher(P<0.01),arterial partial pressure of oxygen was significantly lower(P<0.05),the contents of 5HT,DA,NE and E were significantly decreased(P<0.01),the HPA and HPT systems were excited;adrenergic nerveadrenal medulla system was restrained and the release of IL1β,IFNγ and TNFα was significantly increased(P<0.01).The TXL could obviously decrease the biological character score and increase the arterial partial pressure of oxygen in model rats,raise 5HT and DA levels,restrain HPA and HPT system excitation,and decrease IL1β and IFNγ levels.Conclusion: The qiasthenia model can be successfully established using normal pressure chronic hypoxia.The NEI network regulation is chaotic and in a disequilibrium state,which might be an important basis for hypoxia qiasthenia syndrome.TXL can enhance the hypoxia tolerant capability of model rats and improve their qiasthenia syndrome,probably through adjusting NEI network disequilibrium.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the characteristics of multislice spiral computed tomography (CT) for acute myocardial infarction.Methods: The anterior descending coronary arteries of 6 pigs were ligated at the 1/3 distal end to establish acute myocardial infarction model without reperfusion.Dual multislice spiral CT scanning was performed in all animals and the CT characteristics were analyzed.Results: Acute myocardial infarction model was successfully established in all 6 animals.Myocardial perfusion deficits were detected during early phase scanning; the area of deficits were significantly decreased during late phase scanning (13.52%±5.22% vs 9.07%±3.47%,P=0.004),with a mean decrease of 32.14%.CT value of different myocardial varied at different scanning times: the values of LV cavity decreased from (586±111) HU to (294±53) HU (P=0.001),that of the normal myocardial area decreased from (247±54) HU to (132±25) HU (P=0.001); the values of the perfusion deficit regions were not significantly changed (\[42±14\] HU vs \[29±23\] HU,P=0.289).During late phase scanning,CT value around residual perfusion deficit was higher than that of normal myocardium (\[156±21\] HU vs \[132±25\] HU,P=0.004).Conclusion: The dual-phase MSCT characteristics of AMI include early perfusion deficits,late enhancement and residual perfusion deficits.Early phase scanning may overestimate the infarction area.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effect of obstructive jaundice on liver function and pathomorphology in rats.Methods:Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into bile duct ligation (BDL) group (the common bile ducts were ligated,n=50) and sham group(the common bile ducts were isolated but not ligated,n=10).According to the ligation periods,BDL group was further divided into BDL3,BDL7,BDL14,BDL28 and BDL42 groups.Liver function indices, including the serum total bilirubin(TBIL),direct bilirubin(DBIL),total bile acid(TBA),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT), were measured; and the liver pathomorphology was observed 3,7,14,28,and 42 days after BDL.The above examinations were performed in the sham rats 7 days after operation.Results: The liver function of rats had obvious changes compared with that of sham group.The serum levels of TBIL,DBIL,and TBA reached the peak in the early phases (BDL3 or BDL7) and decreased gradually thereafter,but were still higher than that of the sham control in the end phase(BDL42).There was a similar change in the biochemical indices such as ALT.The main pathomorphology changes in BDL group were intrahepatic bile duct proliferation and hepatic fibrosis.Conclusion: There is obvious impairment in the early phase of obstructive jaundice; the liver function may be improved to a certain degree by a compensation mechanism; however,the persistence of obstructive jaundice finally leads to hepatic fibrosis.The liver function indicated by the pathomorphology changes can not reflect the actual impairment of liver tissue in obstructive jaundice rats.

Abstract:Objective：To explore the impact of rapamycin on compensatory bile duct growth in response to ischemic injury.Methods: Male SD rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups:sham (n=28),sham+rapamycin ( rapa，n=28 ),ischemia (n=32),ischemia+rapa group (n=32).Complete hepatic arterial deprivation was performed in the latter 2 groups; gastric lavage with rapamycin (2 mg/kg/day ) was given to rats in rapa groups.Fresh liver tissues were obtained on day 1,3,7,and 14 postoperatively and were subjected to immunohistochemical staining (H-E,Ki-67).Interlobular bile duct within portal tract and periportal bile ductuli were counted in H-E stained sections.Ki-67 positive and negative bile duct epithelial cells were counted in Ki-67 immunolabelled sections.Average interlobular ducts,periportal duculi and ratio of Ki-67 positive epithelial cells／negative epithelial cells were calculated.Results: Ischemia group had obviously increased number of interlobular ducts compared to sham group.Rapamycin lavage inhibited interlobular duct increase on day 7 and day 14 postoperatively compared with ischemia group.In ischemia group Ki-67(+)/(-) ratio reached its peak level (1.59±017) 3 days after operation,being significantly higher than that of sham group.Rapamycin decreased the peak value of Ki-67(+)/(-) ratio.Conclusion: Rapamycin can reduce expression of Ki-67 antigen and inhibit compensatory bile duct proliferation in response to ischemic injury.

Abstract:Objective：To discuss the relationship between defunctionign stoma in low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma and the incidence of anastomotic leakage.Methods: Totally 270 patients who received low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma(with the distance between anastomosis and anal edge being 6 cm or less) from Jan.2005 to Oct.2006 were included in the present study.Defunctioning stoma was performed in 113(41.9%) patients considered with high risk of anastomotic leakage.The clinicopathological data were used to construct database.SPSS 10.0 software was used to analyze the incidences of anastomosis leakage in patients with and without receiving defunctioning stoma.Results: There were 20(7.4%) leakages in the 270 cases.The symptoms included abdominal pain(37%),increase of pulse(53%),fever(47%),leukocytosis(53%),pelvic fluid properties change(68%),anal discharge of bloody fluid(26%) and others(10%).The average age of patients with leakage was 57.8 years.No death was caused by anastomotic leakage.Four(3.5%) leakages happened in defunctioning stoma group,and 16(10.2%) leakages happened in non-stoma group(P=0.04).Eighteen(75%) of the 24 patients with preoperative radiotherapy history received defunctioning stoma and none of them had leakage.Two of the 6 cases who had preoperative radiotherapy history receiving no defunctioning stoma had anastomotic leakages; the fisher exact probability test showed P=0.054.The leakage rate was 4.9% (7 cases) in 142 cases who had received protective measures during low anterior resection and the rate was 10.2%(13 cases) in the rest 128 cases who had not received any protective measures(P=0.10).Leakages subsided with conservative treatment in the 4 patients with stoma,but 8 patients without stoma had severe symptoms and required surgical intervention; one developed peritonitis.The average fasting periods were significantly different between the 2 groups(P<0.01).The postoperative obstruction incidence(P=0.24) and hospitalization stay(P=0.91) were not significantly different between the 2 groups.Conclusion: Anastomotic leakage is still the most important complication of anterior resection for rectal cancer,and a defunctioning stoma can undoubtedly reduce the rate of anastomotic leakage in high-risk patients.It is suggested that all the anterior resection cases with anastomotic height of or less than 6 cm should be considered for defunctioning stoma.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the outcomes of different cooling rates in the cryopreservation of platelets,so as to screen the best cooling rate for cyropreservation of platelets.Methods: Platelet concentrate was cooled down with the new cryopreserving solution at various cooling rates(1,10,20℃/min) and was kept at -80℃ for one week．Then platelets were thawed to check platelet count，adrenaline induced aggregation，and expression of CD41,CD42b and CD62p; the results were compared with those of the non-programmed cooling group and fresh platelets.Results: The platelet counts of cryopreserved groups were lower than that of fresh platelet concentrate(P<0.05 or P<0.01).There were no differences in adrenaline induced aggregation between 10℃/min group,1℃/min group,and non-programmed cooling group; and the aggregation of the former 3 groups was lower than that of 1℃/min group(P<0.01) and higher than that of 20℃/min group (P<0.05).The CD42b expression in 10℃/min group was higher than in other groups (P<0.05) and lower than in fresh platelet concentrate.The CD62p expression in 1℃/min group,20℃/min group,none programme cooling group was higher than in fresh platelet concentrate(P<0.05).The CD62p expression in 10℃/min group was higher than other 3 groups (P<0.05) and lower than in fresh platelet concentrate,with no statistical significance.Conclusion: Cooling rate has great impact on the quality of cryopreservted platelets.Compared with 1℃/min and 20℃/min,10℃/min is the optimal cooling rate with the new cryopreservation solution in this study.

Abstract:Objective：To observe the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of a triadimenol compound SL-130.Methods: The M27-A project recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS) in 1997 was used in the present study.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC80) of SL-130 were determined for candidal and non-candidal strains with different susceptibilities to fluconazole.Agar disk diffusion test,time-kill curves test and mouse survival rate were employed to examine the antifungal activity of SL-130.Results: The results indicated that SL-130 had stronger in vitro antifungal activity than fluconazole，and similar in vivo activity to fluconazole.Conclusion:The structure of SL-130 is quite unique and it has in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity; further study is warranted on the compound.

Abstract:Objective：To prepare ginsenoside Rg3-loaded chitosan microspheres for intranasal administration.Methods: The chitosan microspheres were prepared by the O/W/O combined with multiple emulsification chemical crosslink technique.Quadratic polynomial equation and linear regression equation were fitted by the statistic software,and the resulting equations were used to produce response surface graphs.The best experiment conditions were screened by central composite design (CCD) using drug load,encapsulation efficiency,and the proportions of microspheres (with diameter of 40-60 μm) as variables.The shape of microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscope.Results: The best ranges of the prescription included:drug to carrier material ratio:0.4-0.5;organic phase and water phase ratio:0.4-0.6;and first emulsion and oil phase ratio:0.13-0.17.The 3 batches of microspheres prepared according to the above condition were well-shaped (full sphere),with the mean drug loading capacity being (10.25±0.08)% and the encapsulation efficiency being (30.61±1.46)%.Conclusion: The optimized technique has a good reproducibility and can be used for preparation of Rg3-loaded chitosan microspheres for intranasal administration.

Abstract:Objective:To prepare self-emulsified artemisinin and to investigate its pharmacokinetics in rabbits.Methods: The optimized formula was screened using an orthogonal experimental design,tertiary-phase diagram and solubility test; the extents of emulsification and emulsifying time were taken as the indices.The plasma concentrations of indirubin were determined by HPLC method.The crude artemisinin was taken as control and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between the 2 groups.Results: The artemisinin self-emulsifying drug delivery system(SEDDS) was composed of artemisinin,Tween-85,ethyl-oleate,and ethanol.The mean retention times(MRT) was 4.628 h for crude artemisinin and 4.750 h for self-emulsion.Pharmacokinetic study in rabbits demonstrated that the SEDDS of artemisinin greatly enhanced the bioavailability of artemisinin via oral administration.Conclusion: SEDDS can greatly increase the in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption of artemisinin.

Abstract:Objective：To improve the present method for casualty forecasting using the risk analysis theory.Methods: Empirical data were extracted from 11 urban aggressive combats during and after WW Ⅱ,and the distribution of daily casualty was determined.Based on quantitative judgment model,several factors such as the number of soldiers,terrain,weather,general situation,suddenness, and combat efficacy were configured; Monte Carlo simulation was applied for simulation,and a forecasting model was setup with Microsoft Excel and Crystal Ball 2000 software for risk analysis of the simulation outcome.Results: The distribution of daily casualty during urban aggressive military action could be represented by normal distribution.With the values of the aforementioned factors,the result of 1000 tests showed that the mean daily casualty rate was 0.42%,with the standard deviation being 0.21%.Conclusion: Monte Carlo simulation is an effective means to improve the present casualty forecasting method.

Abstract:Objective：To establish a simplified three-dimensional finite element model of orthodontic anchorage micro-implant,and to study the biomechanical changes of the micro-implant-bone interface when embedded in different directions,so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of the micro-implant.Methods:I-DEAS finite element analysis software was used to establish a micro-implant and bone finite element model.The micro-implant was embedded into the bone at an angle of 30°.The orientation of the loading force and the embedding angle were kept unchanged; using the embedded point as the center of a circle and the projective line of micro-implant on the bone surface as the radius,5 different embedding directions,including 0°,45°,90°,135° and180°,were chosen.A simulated orthodontic force of 200 g was loaded parallel to the surface of bone in the embedded region,and the stress distribution and displacement changes on the micro-implant-bone interface were analyzed.Results:The changes of stresses and displacement were within the clinicophysiological range in all groups.The embedded region of micro-implant and the cortical bone were stress-focused areas.The changes of Von-mises stress,stretching stress and compressive stress were largely the same; the stress distribution had a decreasing tendency.Under retentive force,the stresses of group 0° and 45° were smaller than those of the other groups,with group 0° having the smallest one.The displacement of group 0° and 45° were evidently larger than those of group 90°,135° and 180°,with that of group 90° having the smallest one.Conclusion:The micro-implant embedded with different directions can safely bear 200 g force parallel to the surface of bone in embedded region.When choose the embedding directions of micro-implant,efforts should be made to reduce the retentive effect of the loaded force to keep the stability of micro-implant.

Abstract:Objective:To prepare an X-ray developable alginate-barium sulfate microspheres as material for embolic agent.Methods: The emulsification-internal gelation technique was used to prepare alginate microspheres and the orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the technique.The diameter,shape,dispersibility,stability,suspension property,coating ratio and developability under X-ray of the microspheres were examined.Results: The average diameter of the microspheres was (53.08±32.72) μm; they were well distributed and had a round shape.The ratio of the destroyed microspheres was (2.0±1.1)% after heated at 100℃for 2 h,(86.0±19.2)% after frozen at -4℃ for 24 h,(39.0±14.7)% after vibrated at 37℃ for 24 h,and (10.3±3.2)% after irradiated with 60Co(10kGy)for 0.5 h.The ratio of sedimentation volume in 0.25% suspension of sodium alginate microspheres was (0.92±0.018).The coating rate was (69.2±13.2)% when the feeding amount of barium sulfate was 2.0 g,and the result of X-ray development was good.Conclusion: Alginate-chitosan can be used for the preparation of barium sulfate microspheres; and the emulsification-internal gelation technique can prepare the microspheres with good dispersibility and shape.

Abstract:Oxidative stress is a major cause of fatty liver,atherosclerosis,cancer,organ damage following ischemia/reperfusion,etc.In recent years,significant improvements have been achieved in studies on signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress,which provide a basis for the drug and gene therapy.This article reviews the major redox-related signaling molecules and pathways,including transcription factors,growth factor signaling,tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases.

Abstract:In modern war,psychotropic drugs,including central stimulants and central depressants,have profound influence on the mental states of soldiers.This paper reviews the pharmacokinetics,pharmacological mechanisms and efficacy of psychotropic drugs;and also introduces the application of psychotropic drugs for sleep regulation and anti-fatigue in aircrew members during Iraqi war,South Atlantic Campaign,Libyan Air Strike and Gulf War.Suggestions are given on proper use of psychotropic drugs in wartime.

Abstract:Objective：To establish a method by combining microwave-assisted extraction(MAE), solid phase extraction(SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determination of the mefenacet residues in rice.Methods: Acetone and acetontrile (37) were used as extraction solvent. Microwave-assisted extraction was used to extract mefenacet residues in the rice. The extracts were then cleaned up with a Florisil cartridge and then subjected to Hypersil C18 column（5 μm，4.6 mm×200 mm ）, with acetonitrilewater（5050，V/V）solution as mobile phase and with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min; the ultraviolet detection wavelength was at 217 nm. Results: Good linear correlation for mefenacet was found within a concentration range of 0.198-9.900 μg/ml. The detection limit was 0.039 6 μg/mL for mefenacet（S/N=2）. The average recovery rate of rice hull and brown rice were 90.8% (RSD 1.8%) and 85.6% (RSD 2.5%)，respectively.Conclusion: The present method is simple and rapid; it can be used for the determination of mefenacet residues in rice.

Abstract:目的：研究PI3K-Akt信号转导系统成员Akt1、Bad在大鼠肝缺血再灌注(IR)后的激活规律，探讨该通路在IR损伤中的作用。方法：将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分成4组:空白对照组(Sham)、缺血再灌注组(IR)、溶剂对照组(DMSO)、阻断剂组(LY)，于复灌0、0.5、1、2、4 h各不同时间点取材，应用免疫组化和免疫印迹法测定肝组织中Akt1、p-Akt1等信号蛋白的表达;H-E染色观察肝组织显微结构;同时测定血清肝功酶水平。结果：IR组大鼠在各复灌时间点上都显示明显肝细胞损伤，并随复灌时间延长加重;肝细胞胞质内有p-Akt1(Thr-308)表达，并在复灌0.5 h达到高峰。应用PI3K特异性阻断剂LY294002后，大鼠p-Akt1(Thr-308)表达在复灌0.5 h较IR组明显减少(P<0.01)，但血清肝功酶指标在复灌4 h才明显升高(P<0.01);同时，LY294002使Akt1下游底物Bad(Ser-136)磷酸化水平降低、细胞损伤加重。结论：在缺血再灌注过程中 PI3K-Akt信号转导通路的激活对肝脏起到了一定的保护作用。

Abstract:目的:研究每日疾病与非战斗外伤减员率的统计学分布,为今后模拟研究提供基础。方法:引用某抗洪抢险部队逐日疾病与非战斗外伤发生数,计算逐日疾病与非战斗外伤减员率,运用χ2和柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫方法进行理论统计分布的拟合优度检验。结果:逐日疾病与非战斗外伤减员率分布符合对数正态分布,而各病种逐日减员率不全一致。结论:疾病与非战斗外伤减员率符合对数正态分布,可作为相关模拟研究的基础。

Abstract:目的：探讨血管内治疗重症颅内静脉窦血栓形成的安全性及其疗效。方法：2006年1月至2007年1月,6例重症颅内静脉窦血栓形成患者经血管内治疗,采用静脉溶栓与动脉溶栓相结合、静脉溶栓与静脉内机械碎栓相结合。术后积极消除病因,抗凝治疗3～6个月。结果：6例患者经治5例痊愈,无手术相关并发症,1例病情危重者溶栓效果不佳死亡。4例DSA示浅表静脉扩张消失,静脉窦显影正常,1例浅表静脉扩张明显改善,静脉窦显影基本正常。结论：血管内治疗重症颅内静脉窦血栓形成是一种安全、快速、有效的治疗方法,长期疗效有待进一步观察。

Abstract:目的：研究乌司他丁对婴幼儿体外循环手术中炎性反应的影响及对肺的保护作用。方法：38例诊断为室间隔缺损的婴幼儿患者，随机分为实验组(n=18)和对照组(n=20)。实验组乌司他丁按1.2万U/kg 计算用药量，生理盐水溶解稀释至10 ml，主动脉插管前经外周静脉缓慢推注半量，另半量加入预充液中；对照组以等量生理盐水代替，用法同上。于术前和术后1、4、24 h进行血气分析、检测炎性介质(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8)。结果：炎性介质(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8)术前均无差异，术后明显升高(P<0.05)；实验组术后各时点IL-6均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)，IL-8术后各时点均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)，TNF-α术后4、24 h较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论：乌司他丁能抑制IL-6、IL-8的释放，对TNF-α有一定的抑制作用，可减轻婴幼儿体外循环手术中炎性反应，保护肺功能。

Abstract: