Abstract:Objective:To observe the expression of DNA dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit（DNA-PKcs) in the hepatoma tissues and mouse liver tissues of different developmental stages,so as to understand the role of DNA-PKcs in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.Methods: Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assay were used to observe the protein expression of DNA-PKcs in liver tissues and hepatoma tissues.The siRNA technique was used to silence the expression of DNA-PKcs in the HepG2 cells; cell proliferation assay and tumor transplantation test in nude mice were performed to evaluate the changes of the proliferation ability and tumorigenesis.Western blotting assay was also conducted to examine the expression of proliferation related proteins p-GSK3β and c-myc.Results: DNA-PKcs expression decreased in the liver tissues with the decrease of cell proliferation ability during the development of mice,and the expression level of DNA-PKcs was weak in liver tissues of adult mouse; but the DNA-PKcs protein level in the hepatoma tissues was significantly elevated (P<0.01).Cell growth curve showed that the proliferation of HepG2 cells was significantly decreased after suppression of DNA-PKcs with siRNA(P<0.01),accompanied by a suppressed tumorigenesis ability.The expression of signal pathway related protein p-GSK3β and c-myc was inhibited after DNA-PKcs silencing in HepG2 cells(P<0.01).Conclusion: DNA-PKcs expression level is closely related to the proliferation ability of liver cells.Overexpression of DNA-PKcs may participate in the development and progression of hepatoma through mediating cell proliferation via the Wnt/GSK/c-myc related signal pathway.

Abstract:Objective:It has been found that the expression of Hedgehog signaling molecule Gli1 can inhibit the activity of estrogen signaling pathway.The present study is to observe the effect of estrogen receptor α (ERα) on the transactivation and expression of Gli1 in breast cancer cells,so as to study whether there is a cross talk between the two pathways.Methods: Using luciferase reporter gene transactivation analysis,we cotransfected MCF-7 cells with pGli-BS-luc,pcDNA3.1-Gli1,pRL-CMV,pSG5-ERα or equimolar amounts of pSG5 vector.Then the cells were subjected to Luciferase Assays to analyze the change of Gli1 transactivation.The mRNA and protein expression of Gli1 following ectopic overexpression of ERα was also analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis.Results: Expression of ERα induced the luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner.ERα at 500 ng/well increased the activity of luciferase by 3.5 folds (P<0.001).The luciferase activity had no obvious changes after estrogen treatment.Overexpression of ERα increased the expression of Gli1 mRNA by 2 folds (P<0.01),and obviously increased the expression of Gli1 protein.Conclusion: Overexpression of ERα in MCF-7 cells can greatly increase the transactivity of Gli1 and increase its expression,which indicates that there is a cross talk between the two transcription factors in breast cancer cells.

Abstract:Objective:To compare the functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) differentiated from cryopreserved and fresh bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs). Methods: The bone marrow samples were taken from swine iliac bones. The isolated MNCs were cultured or cryopreserved at -80℃ for 3 months and then cultured again. The P1-EPCs were identifed by Dil-ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-1 double staining,immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The EPC pick-up rate,migration,adhesion, and proliferation abilities were compared between the cryopreserved group and the fresh group. Results: Immunohistochemisty showed that the P1-EPCs of the cryopreserved group were positive for CD133 (+),CD34 (+),CD31 () and KDR (); flow cytometry also showed they were positive for CD133 (\[17.24±3.12\]%),CD34 (\[37.21±10.85\]%),CD31 (\[72.07±13.34\]%) and KDR (\[89.09±16.40\]%). There were no significant differences in the pick-up rates (\[1.1±0.078\]% vs \[1.03±0.061\]%,P=0.054),migration rates (\[15±0.71\]% vs \[14.2±0.63\]%,P=0.17),adherence rates (\[42.7±2.1\]% vs \[39.5±1.7\]%,P=0.11),and proliferation abilities (\[25.06±2.82\]×104 vs \[21.64±2.34\]×104,P=0.089) between EPCs of the fresh and cryopreserved groups. Conclusion: Cryopreservation has no measurable influence on the numbers and functions of EPCs differentiated from bone marrow-derived MNCs,so cryopreservation can be used to obtain sufficient homogeneous EPCs in a short period for therapy using EPCs transplantation.

Abstract:Objective:To design and prepare HBc virus-like particle vaccine (VLP) harboring the specified epitope of gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP),and to study its immune effects,so as to cast new lights on immune therapy of obesity.Methods: GIP cDNA was cloned and was fused with HBc VLP (1-144aa) cDNA.Through prokaryotic expression and purification processes,a GIP vaccine linked to the HBc-derived VLP carrier was constructed.We also cloned the fusion gene into eukaryotic vector pVAX1 to prepare GIP nuclear acid vaccine.And the two kinds of vaccines were tested in rats for their immunological parameters.Results: GIP vaccine linked to HBc-derived VLP carrier was successfully prepared.We also prepared the genetic vaccine pVAX1-HBc-GIP.The combined vaccination with both vaccines could obtain high titer and peptide-specific IgG antibody,displaying a satisfactory immunogenicity.Conclusion: GIP protein vaccine using HBc as immune-enhancing vaccine carrier can effectively induce GIP-specific humoral immunity,disrupting the tolerance to self antigens in rats.The vaccine is worth studying as a new drug for control of obesity.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of superagonistic CD28-specific monoclonal antibody JJ316 (supCD28 MAb) on in vivo proliferation of rat CD4+CD25+Fox P3+ Treg (Treg) cells and on allograft rejection reaction in a rat orthotopic tracheal transplantation model.Methods:Rat orthotopic tracheal transplantation models were divided into two groups in the present study.The experimental group was treated with supCD28 MAb(0.5 mg/rat) via intraperitoneal injection on the day of transplantation.Control group was injected with mIgG (0.5 mg/rat).The proportions of CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ T cell population in cervical lymph nodes,spleen and peripheral blood monocytes were examined by flow cytometry 5 days after operation.The tracheas were also harvested for histological evaluation.Results:The allografts of the experimental group showed greatly improved airway obliteration,infiltration of inflammatory cells,and respiratory epithelial injury compared with those of the control group.Furthermore,The experimental group had significantly increased CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg cell population in the lymph nodes,spleen and peripheral blood monocytes compared with those in the supCD28 MAb group (\[5.8±1.2\]% vs \[16.9±4.2\]%,\[14.8±3.6\]%,and \[2.9±0.9\]%,\[3.3±1.3\]% vs \[2.8±1.4\]%,respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion:SupCD28 MAb can attenuate airway inflammation injury after orthotopic tracheal transplantation.

Abstract:Objective:To construct IκBα vector carrying SAA3 promoter and to observe its effect on NF-κB activity and LPS-induced inflammation,so as to lay a foundation for treatment of sepsis.Methods: Mouse liver cells and kupffer cells were co-cultured and were divided into three groups:control group,LPS group and LPS+ gene transfer group.Twenty-four hours after LPS injection,the levels of AST,ALT,LDH,IL-6 and TNF-α were measured in the supernatants of the each group.For animal experiments: (1) Mice were divided into three groups:control group,LPS group and LPS+gene transfer group(n=10).The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in the serum and liver tissues 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection of 250ug LPS or saline.(2) Mice were also divided into two groups:LPS group and LPS+gene transfer group(n=21).Mice were injected with 150 μg LPS twice at 0 and 48 h,then the activities of NF-κB and IκBα in the liver were measured at 0,2,24,48,50,72,and 96 h after the first injection.The values at 0 h were taken as control group.(3) Mice were also divided into another two groups:LPS group and LPS+gene transfer group(n=20).The survival rates of animals were observed at 0,2,24,48,50,72,and 96 h after injection of 350 μg LPS.Results: Compared with LPS group,the levels of AST,LDH,TNF-α and IL-6 in the culture supernatants of LPS+gene transfer group were decreased,but were still higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with LPS group,the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver tissues and sera of LPS+gene transfer group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with LPS group,the activity of NF-κB in the liver tissues of LPS+gene transfer group were decreased,but was still significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with LPS group,LPS+gene transfer group had higher survival rate at 72 and 96 h(P<0.05).Conclusion: IκBα gene can be expressed in the liver with SAA3 promoter,and transfection of IκBα can effectively inhibit endotoxin-induced liver and general inflammation.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injuries in different parts of extrahepatic bile duct during orthotopic autologous liver transplantation in rats,so as to lay a foundation for selection of anastomosis site during liver transplantation.Methods:Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:group Ⅰ,sham operated（n=6）; group Ⅱ,1 h ischemia in biliary tract followed by 1 h reperfusion（n=12）; and group Ⅲ,1 h ischemia in biliary tract followed by 2 h reperfusion（n=12）. TUNEL assay,pathomorphology score and ultrastructural quantitative analysis were used to analyze the epithelia of hilar bile duct,proximal, and distal common bile duct.Results:The results of TUNEL assay and pathomorphology score were not significantly different between the proximal and distal common bile ducts in group Ⅱ(P＞0.05),but the injury was more serious in hilar bile duct compared with those of the proximal and distal common bile ducts (P<005); the hilar bile duct had the most serious injuries as indicated by the changes of mitochondrial mean volume (V) and area density of microvilli (AMV),and the proximal common bile duct had the slightest injury (P<0.05). In group Ⅲ,the most severe injury was found in the hilar bile duct,followed by distal common bile duct and proximal common bile duct in order (P＜0.05). Conclusion:The tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion is different in different parts of bile duct during liver transplantation,with the distal common duct having the best tolerance,which may be used for bile anastomosis during transplantation.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the pathophysiological changes of dogs with open abdominal injury and seawater immersion-induced acute heart failure. Methods:Adult mongrel dogs were randomly divided into open abdominal injury+seawater immersion group (group A,n=8) and simple open abdominal injury group (group B,n=8). The cardiac rhythm,heart rate,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,mean arterial pressure,pulmonary wedge pressure,central venous pressure,cardiac output,heart index,rennin,B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),other relevant parameters and death rate were observed before and after open abdominal injury,during 2h seawater immersion,and at different time points after getting out of the water. The left ventiricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV),stroke volumes (SV),and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured before and 4 h after injury by ultrasonic cardiogram. Results:The mean arterial pressure decreased significantly in group A from 5 min after injury to the end of the ovservation （P<0.05,P<0.01）,and that of group B had no measurable changes. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PAWP) increased significantly; the central venous pressure,cardiac output,and cardiac index decreased gradually,and continued to decrease after putting out of water,which were significantly different from those of group B（P<0.05,P<0.01）. Group B had no measurable changes in PAWP,central venous pressure,cardiac output,and cardiac index before and after abdominal injury. The blood rennin and BNP levels were significantly increased in group A （P<0.05,P<0.01）and had no significant changes in group B. Conclusion:Prominent pathophysiological changes occur in rats with open abdominal injury and seawater immersion-induced acute heart failure.

Abstract:Objective:To report a genetically proven Kennedy disease pedigree in China and to discuss its clinical presentations,pathological features and molecular mechanism,so as to provide more information on Kennedy disease.Methods: We conducted a complete survey of the family,including 3 generations and 41 individuals. The proband was given a thorough clinical examination including CK level,EMG,testosterone level,nerve biopsy,and muscle biopsy.Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood; the repeats of CAG in the exon 1 of androgen receptor was amplified by PCR and sequenced directly.Results: The sequencing result showed that the proband（Ⅲ-11) had a CAG repeat of 54）; one patient (Ⅳ-2) had a CAG repeat of 55; one had a CAG repeat of 54; one presymptomatic individual had a CAG repeat of 54（Ⅳ-8）. There were 3 female carriers（Ⅱ-6,Ⅲ-3,and Ⅲ-15）.The CPK and testosterone levels were increased in the proband.EMG revealed neurogenic injury.Nerve biopsy revealed demylination change in the peripheral nerve and muscle biopsy revealed muscle atrophy originated from nerve.Conclusion: Kennedy has no characteristic clinical symptoms,and gene diagnosis is the gold standard.The progression of SBMA is usually much slower compared with those of bulbar atrophy and atrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the changes of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with acute craniocerebral injuries (ACI) and to assess their relationship with patients’ diagnoses and prognoses.Methods: A prospective study was performed using 528 ACI patients and 257 healthy controls taking a physical examination.The prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),fibrinogen (Fg),thrombin time (TT),platelet (PLT),and D-dimer (D-D) were observed within 6 h after injury.Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were also employed and the statistical analysis was performed.Results: The incidence of abnormal blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in our group was 80.49% (425/528),with the abnormal indicators from high incidence to low were:D-D>PT>Fg> APTT >PLT>TT.(2) The levels of PT and D-D in ACI patients were significantly different from those of the control group (P<0.05);their levels increased with the aggravation of the severity of the injuries.Fg levels in the severe and moderate ACI patients were significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05); there were no significant differences between the moderate inury group and the slight injuy group or between the slight injury group and the control group.The levels of APTT and TT were significantly different between the severe injury group and other groups(P<0.05).PLT levels were similar in all the groups.(3) Patients of GOS 1 and 2-3 had significantly increased PT,D-D levels and decreased Fg level compared with patients of GOS 4-5.Conclusion: ACI patients have abnormal coaculation and fibrinolysis function early after injury.PT,D-D and Fg are sensitive indices and may be helpful for early prediction of the injuries and prognoses.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the outcomes of radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) after circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI),so as to discuss the related mechanism.Methods:A total of 64 patients underwent mapping and ablation using an electroanatomic mapping system (CARTO) at a mean of (3.7±2.4) months after the first CPVA procedure.Results:A total of 78 types of ATa were mapped, including 30 (38.5%) with re-entry mechanism and 48 (61.5%) with focal mechanism.Among reentrant ATa 12 had common atrial flutter and 18 had left atrial re-entry; the reentrant circuits were related to the mitral isthmus,the anterior wall of the left atrium,and the gaps on previous encircling lines.The tachycardias were unstable in 2 patients and were not mapped.Catheter ablation was successful in 56 of the 64 patients (87.5%),and cardioversion was needed in 8 patients to achieve sinus rhythm.During a mean follow-up of 13-21（16.5±2.9）months,60 (93.8%) cases no longer had ATa.Conclusion:ATa after CPVA can have macro-reentrant and focal mechanisms.These arrhythmias can be successfully mapped and ablated with an electroanatomic mapping system.

Abstract:Objective:To provide a scientific basis for establishing a standard reference value of FEV1.0% for aged Chinese males.Methods:The reference values of FEV1.0% of 4 342 healthy aged Chinese males were collected from hospitals,research units,and higher institutions of 72 counties or cities.Correlation analysis,factor analysis and GIS software were used to investigate the relationship between the reference values of FEV1.0% with six geographical factors.Results:It was found that the reference values of FEV1.0% in aged Chinese males were significantly associated with geographical factors.Factor analysis and regression analysis yielded a regression equation as:=79.279 8+0.000 901 5X1-0.001 931 4X2+0.001 966 8X3-0.002 615X4+0.001 293 4X5+0.001 650 3X6±1.032 8.The fitting degree between the predicted and the measured values was high.With the aid of geostatistical analysis module of GIS spatial analysis and Kriging interpolation method,we interpolated the geographical distribution map of the reference value of FEV1.0% in aged Chinese males.Conclusion:The regression equation can be used to accurately calculate the reference value of FEV1.0% for aged Chinese males, if the geographical values for an area are available.The reference value of FEV1.0% can also be obtained by the geography Trend-surface distribution map of an area.

Abstract:Objective:To understand the current status and characteristics of self-medication behavior in China and to analyze the determinants of self-medication behavior and willingness of Chinese residents.Methods: A total of 4 400 households from Beijing,Xi’an,Chengdu,and Kunming were chosen by multistage,stratified,and cluster sampling for a health survey.From a total 8 826 residents we selected 8 585 who aged over 15 years old and who gave a clear answer to whether had self-medication behavior and whether were willing to have self-medication.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between self-medication behavior and self-medication willingness,and between residents’ predisposing characteristics,enabling resources and need following Andersen health utilization model.Results: When other variables were controlled,the incidences of self-medication of residents at 25-44 years,25-44 years,45-64 years,and 65 years above were 1.52 folds (P=0.000),1.59 folds (P=0.000),and 1.53 folds (P=0.001) of the control group (15-24 years old).The incidence of self-medication of urban residents was significantly lower than that of the rural residents (P=0.000).The incidence of self-medication behavior in residents with a common disorder in the last 6 months was 10.85 folds of those without common disease.The self-medication willingness of residents with chronic diseases was 1.22 folds (P=0.035) of those without chronic diseases.The self-medication willingness of residents having a common disease in the last 6 months was 2.12 fold (P=0.000) of those without common disorder.Conclusion: Age,urban-rural difference,knowledge of self-medication,and health status have different degrees of influence on the self-medication behavior and self-medication willingness of residents,while family income and health insurance have little influence.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the nootropic components of Hovenia dulcisMethods: Six saponins were isolated from Hovenia dulcis and Step-down test was used to examine the memory ability of miceThe escape latency and the times of wrong performance within 3 min were used to evaluate the memory ability of miceTo study the effects of saponins on learning and memory in mice,we divided the mice into 6 groups:youth group,aged group,aged plus piracetam(03 g/kg) group,aged plus saponins (06 g/kg) group,aged plus saponins (03 g/kg) group,and aged plus saponins(015 g/kg) groupTo study the influence of saponins on impairment of memory acquirement,consolidation,and reoccurrence (induced by scopolamine,sodium nitrite and 40% ethanol,respectively),mice were also divided into the following 7 groups:control group,untreated group,piracetam group (03 g/kg),compound 3 group(03 g/kg),compound 4 group(03 g/kg),compound 5 group(03 g/kg),and compound 6 group(03 g/kg)Results: The chemical structures of six saponins were elucidated as 3-O-stigmasterol-(6-O-palmitoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1),β-daucosterin (2),hovenidulcioside A1 (3),hoduloside Ⅰ (4),hoduloside Ⅳ (5),and saponins C2 (6)Among them,compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from this plant for the first timeCompounds 5 and 6 had enhancing effect on the learning and memory ability of natural senile mice,and they could improve the impairment of memory acquirement,consolidation and recurrence in mice induced by scopolamine,sodium nitrite and 40% ethanol,respectivelyConclusion: The aglycone of jujubogenin might be the main saponins contributing to the nootropic effect of total saponins from Hovenia dulcis

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the intestinal absorption of silybin-phospholipid complex by the whole and different segments of rat’s intestine.Methods: An in situ intestinal perfusion model was employed in the present research; and absorption percent and intestinal wall permeability coefficient (Ke) were taken as indices.HPLC method was used to determine the concentrations of silybin and phenol red in the perfusate to calculate the absorption indices.Results: The absorption of silybin-phospholipid complex was a first-order process,about 70% of it was absorbed after 6 h,with the absorption rate constants(Ka) being (0.193±0.012) h-1.The absorption rate and Ke for silybin-phospholipid complex were similar between different intestinal segments (Duodenum,Jejunum,Ileum,and Colon) （P>0.05）.Conclusion: Silybin-phospholipid complex can be absorbed in the whole intestinal segments.

Abstract:Objective:To identify the components for nurse job satisfaction,and to develop a scale for job satisfaction assessment in Chinese nurses.Methods:Using literature review and expert consulting,we developed a primary scale consisting of 10 factors and 56 items.After testing with 135 nurses,a nurse job satisfaction scale composing of 8 factors and 38 items was developed,and was used to test 1 185 nurses; the reliability and efficacy of the scale were also assessed.Results:The developed nurse job satisfaction scale was composed of 8 factors (administration,work loads,relationship with colleagues,job,salary and welfare,professional opportunities,work recognition by others,and balance between family and work) and 38 items,and it had good reliability and efficacy.Conclusion:The developed scale can not only help to evaluate job satisfaction among nurses,but also provide evidence for corresponding intervention.

Abstract:Objective:To study the transurethral endoscopic approach for removal of seminal vesical stone and to evaluate its efficacy.Methods: The diagnosis of 18 patients with seminal vesicle stones were confirmed by ultrasonography,X-ray or computerized tomography before operation.The patients,with a mean age of (41.5±5.3) years old and a mean disease course of (6.6±3.6) months,included 15 with intractable hemospermia,3 with perineal discomfort and 2 with painful ejaculation.Seminal vesical stones were found unilaterally in 16 cases and bilaterally in 2 cases.We passed a 6/7.5F rigid urethroscope through the utricular opening into the seminal vesicle,and all the stones in 17 patients were endoscopically removed using a grasper; one patient was treated by holmium-laser due to the large size of the stones.Results: The mean operation period was （35.6±13.4）min and the mean hospital stay was (4.1±1.5) days.The mean follow-up period was (6.4±3.1) months.Hematospermia disappeared in 15 (15/15) cases after treatment; painful ejaculation disappeared in 2(2/2) cases and perineal discomfort was improved in 2(2/3) cases.One patient had epididymitis a week after the operation and the symptoms were relieved after 5-day-antibiotic therapy.Conclusion: Transurethral endoscopic approach for treatment of seminal vesicle stone has a better outcome,less trauma and few complications; it is an effective method for seminal vesicle stone removal.

Abstract:Objective:To summarize our experiment in microsurgical removal of tuberculum sellae meningioma via transcranial approach.Methods: The clinical data of 45 patients with tuberculum sellae meningioma, who were treated by microsurgical resection via different transcranial approaches during Jan. 2003 to May 2009, were retrospectively analyzed. And the factors influencing the prognoses were also analyzed.Results: Eight patients had Simpon grade Ⅰresection and the others had grade Ⅱresection. Postoperatively, the visual damage and optic field defect were improved in 28 cases, remained unchanged in 15 cases, and deteriorated in 2 cases. The vision recovery was not satisfactory in patients who had obvious vision decrease before a complicated surgical removal of tumors.Conclusion: Personalized surgical plan should be selected for resection of tuberculum sellae meningioma according to the size and growth direction of tumors; special attention should be paid to protect the important structures of the sellar region. Improvement of the surgical technique is the key to a better prognosis after resection of tumors.

Abstract:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA),a systemic,inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the lining or synovium of the joints,is a complex polygenic disease with a complicated inheritance mode.Both genetic and environmental factors determine the development and progression of RA.Study on susceptible genes of RA provides a theoretic basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.As a novel high-throughput screening method,genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a powerful approach for mapping susceptible genes of polygenic disease like RA.GWAS can not only verify the well-established susceptible loci,but also identify novel genetic loci candidates. Great improvement has been made in using GWAS to screen for novel genes,which casts new lights on the mechanism and treatment of RA.This review summarizes the progress in using GWAS for screening of RA susceptible genes.

Abstract:Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Adiponectin as an adipocyte-derived protein might play an important role between obesity and colorectal cancer. Here we review the current progress on molecular characteristics of adiponectin,the association of adiponectin with colorectal cancer,and the possible anti-tumor mechanism.

Abstract:Objective:To design and prepare a field battle “Windbreaker” stretcher for fixation of spinal cord injury using macromolecular material,and to determine its application index and assess its efficacy.Methods:Using shape memory waterborne polyurethaneurea/SiO2 nano-composite,we prepared a field battle “Windbreaker” stretcher for fixation of spinal cord injury according to the physique of the Chinese.The time spent to finish the fixation procedure under different conditions (raining,cold weather,land and rivers) was recorded,and the time of solidification was also observed.Results:The weight of a complete set of the field battle “Windbreaker” stretcher was (7.5±1.4) kg.The time to complete a fixation was (2.1±0.55) min in the water,(1.9±0.35) min under dry environment.The time of solidification was(7.7±1.45) min in the water and was （6.9±1.23) min under dry environment.The maximum strength the stretcher could bear was(80±5.7) kg.Conclusion:Our self-designed “Windbreaker” stretcher can be used for rapid and simple fixation of different spinal cord injuries,and the mechanics intensity meet the requirement for fixation.The stretcher can be used for fixation of spinal cord injury under different conditions of field battle.

Abstract:解偶联蛋白-2（uncoupling protein-2,UCP2）是细胞内活性氧产生的生理性调节器\[1\],普遍存在于人及鼠的心、肾、肺、淋巴细胞、白色脂肪组织、骨骼肌等多种组织细胞中,在能量平衡、体质量和热量调节、细胞凋亡及炎症反应等多方面发挥重要作用\[2-3\]。甲状腺激素可通过基因转录和分子水平正向调节UCP2表达\[5\]。因此,本研究通过改变大鼠碘摄入量调控甲状腺激素水平,观察其对机体肾组织UCP2表达的影响,并探讨其与凋亡蛋白半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-9（caspase-9）表达的相关性,为后续研究奠定基础。

Abstract:心脏移植手术成功率高,但如何防治术后严重的急性排斥反应而不损伤全身免疫功能仍是一大难题。近年来,器官移植排斥反应的转基因治疗研究进展迅速\[1-2\],有望控制移植器官局部免疫反应,而保留宿主全身免疫反应功能。内皮细胞的损伤、缺血/再灌注损伤及细胞凋亡等均为急性排斥反应的发生机制。肝细胞生长因子（HGF）是一种多效因子,研究\[3\]表明HGF是血管内皮细胞特异的、强大的生长因子,可抗血管内皮细胞的凋亡,并抑制内膜的增生,且不引起血管平滑肌细胞的增殖；最近,日本学者Kazuhiro等\[4\]观察到HGF对异位心脏移植小鼠的急慢性排斥反应具有抑制作用。本研究将携带人HGF基因的重组腺病毒（Ad-HGF）经冠状动脉灌注同种异位心脏移植大鼠供心,观察HGF对急性排斥反应的影响,为心脏移植后急性排斥反应的基因治疗方法提供实验依据。

Abstract:多环芳烃化合物（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）是全球性有机污染物,在各种环境介质如空气、水、土壤、沉积物等中都广泛存在。PAHs中有相当一部分是致癌物,其中以苯并\[a\]芘（benzo\[a\]pyrene,B\[a\]P）的致癌性最强。B\[a\]P可引起实验动物肺癌、皮肤癌等多种癌症。B\[a\]P本身无致癌活性,必须在体内活化代谢后,生成终致癌物如反式二羟环氧苯并芘（anti-benzo\[a\]pyrene trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide,anti-BPDE）等才具有致癌活性。anti-BPDE-DNA加合物的生成被认为是B\[a\]P致癌过程的关键\[1-2\]。该代谢产物不可逆地引起细胞内生物大分子的损伤（如DNA,蛋白和脂质）\[3\] ,产生致突变和致癌作用。但是对于anti-BPDE介导的致癌机制研究还不是很明确。为了更好地理解anti-BPDE作用后的分子行为,在一定的细胞类型中证实基因和蛋白的表达不同已经成为当今的研究兴趣所在。p53是一个重要的肺癌变相关基因,超过一半的癌症患者发生了p53抑癌基因的突变,这表明正常的P53蛋白在防御癌症的过程中起着至关重要的作用。而大约95%致癌的P53蛋白突变发生在与DNA结合的核心区域,主要分布于Exon 5～Exon 8 之间\[4\]。科学家们发现该区域对研究它的抗癌活性起着关键的作用。黄勇等\[5\]研究表明anti-BPDE诱发p53基因Exon8发生G→T点突变。

Abstract:Fractalkine(FKN)是新发现的一种在动脉粥样斑块中过量表达的趋化因子,与其受体CX3CR1结合,介导白细胞黏附和趋化以及血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)的迁移,并刺激炎症因子的表达和血小板的活化,因此被认为参与介导动脉粥样硬化(AS)的炎症反应。蛋白激酶B(PKB,又名Akt)是与炎症和白细胞的趋化过程密切相关的信号分子,通过介导白细胞的黏附和趋化、VSMC的迁移及血小板的活化而在AS的形成和进展中发挥作用。关于FKN/CX3CR1的信号转导机制目前尚不明确,本实验的前期工作已经证实,FKN可以刺激人外周血单个核细胞NF-κB信号分子的活化[1,2],本次通过研究FKN可否刺激人外周血单个核细胞Akt活化,以及磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（PI3K）、NF-κB与Akt活化的关系,进一步探讨FKN的信号转导机制。

Abstract:三维超声是评价胎儿面部畸形的重要手段，其对胎儿面部畸形的检出率明显高于二维超声，对于选择适宜的产科处置方式及提高人口素质具有重要意义\[1-3\]。因此，本研究应用三维超声成像诊断胎儿面部畸形，探讨其诊断效果及价值。

Abstract:近年来，耐药葡萄球菌感染发生率明显增加，临床可选用抗菌药物非常有限。长期以来，万古霉素一直作为治疗耐药葡萄球菌感染的首选药物，但不良反应较多，尤其在肾功能不良患者及老年人中应用需谨慎。近几年国外已陆续发现了万古霉素中介耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌(VISA)和万古霉素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌(VRSA) 菌株\[1\] ，我国也已有异质性耐万古霉素葡萄球菌感染的报道\[2-3\]。为避免单纯应用万古霉素所导致的药物选择压力，人们在努力寻找一种高效、安全治疗耐药葡萄球菌感染药物的同时，也在重新考虑和评估曾经使用过的抗菌药物在治疗耐药葡萄球菌感染中的疗效\[4\]。夫西地酸是一种窄谱、高效的抗革兰阳性菌抗生素，不良反应少，对耐药葡萄球菌有良好的抗菌活性，国外已使用40余年，而国内临床使用较少，相关报道不多见\[4-7\]。自2007年10月以来，我院呼吸科和ICU使用夫西地酸治疗耐药葡萄球菌肺炎，取得了较好的疗效，现报告如下。

Abstract:1病例资料患者,男性,38岁,因“发现肝脏占位8个月,上腹部不适伴低热1周”,于2008年6月10日入院。入院前8个月在外院体检时彩超意外发现“肝内占位性病变”,CT强化检查考虑“肝血管瘤”,患者无不适感觉,未作任何治疗。入院前1周出现持续低热,并伴有右上腹间断性胀痛,复查彩超、CT提示“原发性肝癌”(图1A)。入院后查体：皮肤、巩膜无黄染,无肝掌及蜘蛛痣,肝脏右肋下2指,质韧,无明显压痛,肝区叩痛阴性,移动性浊音阴性；乙肝HBsAg、HBeAg、HbcAb阳性；AFP 13.58 ng/ml,CEA 1.78 ng/ml,CA-199 4.29 U/ml,肝功能正常,Child A级；MRI显示肝脏内信号欠均匀,呈网格状改变,肝脏右叶可见一较大异常信号影,约9 cm×7 cm×5 cm,T1呈略低信号,T2呈高信号,信号不均匀,增强后周边部不均匀强化,考虑原发性肝癌可能性大。于2008年6月13日全麻下剖腹探查,术中探查肿块约7 cm×6 cm,灰白色,呈膨胀性生长,位于肝脏Ⅴ、Ⅷ段,周边一1 cm×0.5 cm的小卫星灶,边界尚清楚,质硬(图1B),肝脏其他区域呈小结节性肝硬化,符合“原发性肝癌”。阻断第一肝门,距肿瘤外2 cm切除,合掌法缝合切面。术后病理：镜检显示肿瘤组织内呈现出2种不同的细胞成分,分区存在,相互之间无移行,一种为多边形瘤细胞,胞质丰富或疏松透亮,核圆形,呈粗梁索排列,梁索间血窦衬覆扁平内皮细胞,另一种为多形性瘤细胞,胞质嗜伊红,核圆形或椭圆形,核大深染,核分裂多见,排列较为密集(图1C)；免疫组化：CEA(-)、AFP(±)、CD117(-)、Bcl-2(-)、CK7(-)、CK19(-)、SMA(-)、S-100(-)、CD34(-)、CD99(-)、Desmin(-)、Vimentin()、AE1/AE3()、HMB45(-)。病理诊断：肝细胞肝癌肉瘤样变伴坏死。

Abstract:1病例资料患者,男性,60岁,因“反复右上腹胀痛10年余”入院,进食油腻食物后疼痛加重,未治疗。患者哥哥和妹妹均有胆囊结石病史。B超示胆囊130 mm×57 mm,形态饱满,胆汁透声不佳,胆囊腔内可见多枚强回声团,后伴声影,较大者直径约15 mm。胆囊床区可见厚约18 mm的蜂窝状回声区,CDFI示未见明显血流信号。超声诊断胆囊肿大,胆囊结石,胆囊炎；胆囊床区声像图请结合临床。