Abstract:Objective:To observe the effect of salvianolate on the maturation and immunologic functions of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs).Methods: Mouse BMDCs were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 5 days to obtain immature DCs (imDCs),then the imDCs were cultured in the presence of LPS (1 μg/ml) or LPS (1 μg/ml) plus salvianolate (50,100 and 200 μg/ml) for 48 h to obtain DCLPS,SVL,SVM and SVH.The immunophenotypes and antigen phagocytosis capabilities of imDCs,DCLPS,SVL,SVM and SVH were analyzed by flow cytometry and FITC-Dextran intake.The IL-12 p40 contents in the supernatants were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The stimulatory activities of imDCs,DCLPS,SVL,SVM and SVH on allogeneic T cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) were tested by incorporation of 3H-TdR; the contents of IL-10,IL-2 and IFN-γ in the supernatants of MLR were examined by ELISA.Results: Compared with DCLPS,SVL,SVM and SVH had lower expression of MHC-Ⅱ,CD40,CD80 and CD86 molecules,secreted less IL-12 p40 in the supernatant,and exhibited stronger antigen phagocytosis capability; moreover,SVL,SVM and SVH showed significantly weaker activity in stimulating proliferation of allogeneic T cells（P<0.05,0.01）.Compared with DCLPS,SVL,SVM and SVH groups had significantly decreased IL-2 and INF-γ levels in MLR supernatants（P<0.05）,but there was no significant difference in the secretion of IL-10.Conclusion: Salvianolate (50-200 μg/ml) can inhibit the maturation of mouse BMDCs in vitro,and thus has a negative effect on immunologic function of BMCDs.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of thyroid motilin (MTL) on migrating motor complex (MMC) in fasting rats.Methods: The distribution and quantitative expression of motilin in the thyroids were detected by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay.We also observed the effect of thyriod motilin on the MMC by recording the gastrointestinal motility in conscious rats.Results: Tail vein injection of MTL increased MMC in antrum and duodenum in a dose-dependent manner,as manifested by increased contraction frequency and amplitude (P<0.05,P<0.01).However,the contraction frequency and amplitude were significantly decreased after injection of MTL-R antagonist GM109(P<0.05).GM109 could obviously block the promoting effect of MTL on MMC.Removing left thyroid significantly increased MMC cycle,contraction amplitude,and decreased contraction frequency(P<0.05). Injection of anti-MTL serum into the thyroids could significantly promote MMC and increase the frequency and amplitude of contraction (P<0.05).Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that motilin immunoreactive (MTL-IR) cells,together with calcitonin (CT),were observed in the thyroids,indicating the expression of MTL in thyroid C-cells.Radioimmunoassay analyses displayed that MTL level in the duodenal mucosa was 128.02 and 100.57 times those in the antrum and thyroid,respectively.Conclusion: MTL is expressed in the thyroid C-cell and participates in the regulation of MMC.

Abstract:Objective:To study the protective effect of adenovirus-mediated heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene transfection against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of cultured neonatal rat myocardiocytes.Methods: The neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated,cultured,and transfected with Ad.EGFP.The transfection efficiency and safety were examined at various titrations by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometer.The cultured cardiomyocytes were then infected with adenovirus vector harboring HSP70 cDNA.Protein expression of HSP70 was evaluated by ELISA,Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical methods.The cytoprotective effect of adenovirus-mediated HSP70 gene transfection was studied using in vitro myocardiocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation model.Results: High purity neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were obtained by primary culture.The infection efficiency and the EGFP expression increased with the increase of MOI.Over 90% of myocardiocytes were infected at MOI 50.The growth of myocardiocytes was not inhibited at MOI 200.ELISA and Western blotting analysis showed that the transfected myocardiocytes overexpressed HSP70 under normal physiological condition.Immunohistochemical analysis showed prominent overexpression of HSP70 in the cytoplasm and nuclei in HSP70 transfection group.Results of hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model showed that the cell vitality,MTT metabolism,cell apoptosis rate,and changes of myocardial enzyme spectrum were significantly improved in the gene transfection group compared with the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Recombinant Ad.HSP70 can efficiently and safely infect myocardiocytes in vitro,leading to expression of HSP70 protein.Overexpression of HSP70 induced by adenovirus-mediated transfection has prominent protective effect against hypoxia/reoxygentaion injury of neonatal rat myocardiocytes.

Abstract:Objective:To establish a high throughput screening (HTS) model for epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. Methods: The bioactive EGFR-RTK was expressed by genetic engineering technology. The binding activity and bioactivity of the compounds were examined by surface plasmon resonance and ELISA. Results: The bioactive EGFR-RTK protein was successfully expressed in the prokaryotic expression system and was immobilized on the sensor chip. The equilibrium constants (Kd) between TKI (EI 188) and RTK was 5.00×10-7 mol·L-1 ,and the IC50 was 12.37 μmol·L-1,which was consistent with expected. With this model we screened 31 compounds and found that 6 compounds had binding activity and inhibitory activity. Conclusion: A novel HTS model of EGFR-TKI has been successfully established using surface plasmon resonance biosensor and ELISA, which lays a foundation for discovery of new TKIs.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate whether high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1(HMGB1) can activate macrophages to secrete IL-18.Methods: Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured with HMGB1 for indicated period, then the mRNA and protein expression of IL-18 and IL-18 receptors were examined by real-time PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometric analysis. Toll-like receptor（TLR）2 and 4 agonists (1 μg/ml Pam3Cys or 100 ng/ml LPS) were used as parallel controls.Results: Two hours after culture with HMGB1(100 ng/ml), IL-18 mRNA expression was greatly increased. The expression of IL-18 protein was also greatly increased 24 h after culture with HMGB1, and the expression of IL-18R was slightly up-regulated. Pam3Cys (1 μg/ml) and LPS(100 ng/ml) could promote the expression of IL-18 at both mRNA and protein levels in the macrophages, and could up-regulate IL-18 receptors. Conclusion: HMGB1 can directly activate macrophages to secrete IL-18 and to express IL-18 receptor, suggesting that IL-18 may mediate the proinflammatory activity of HMGB1.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of early dexamethasone treatment on seawater immersion-induced acute lung injury after open chest trauma.Methods: Twenty-four animals were evenly randomized into three groups: control group (CG),seawater group(SG),and dexamethasone treatment group (DG).Animals in CG group only had open chest trauma,those in the SG group were exposed to seawater after open chest trauma,and those in the DG group were treated with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) after exposed to seawater.The vital signs of animals,plasma osmotic pressure,lung permeability index (LPI),and peripheral white blood cell count were observed 0,2,4,6,and 8 h after trauma.The plasma samples and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for testing the levels of cytokines (IL-1β,IL-8,and vWF,etc.) with ELISA kit.H-E staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the lung.Results: Compared with the SG group,the pathological changes were improved in the DG group; the plasma osmotic pressures were similar between the two groups; and the pulmonary permeability index was markedly decreased in the DG group (0.039±0.006 vs 0.055±0.002,P<0.05).Besides,the count of peripheral leukocyte(×109) and plasma IL-1β,IL-8,and vWF(pg/ml) were all markedly decreased in the DG group compared with the SG group(WBC: 21.52±3.21 vs 24.81±2.08； IL-1β：72.84±38.42 vs 131.90±35.39；IL-8：45.21±16.39 vs 88.26±6.66；vWF：0.47±0.08 vs 1.03±0.09,P<0.05).Conclusion: Early dexamethasone treatment can attenuate the inflammatory injury of the lung in dogs with open chest trauma after seawater immersion,providing more chance for further management.

Abstract:Objective:To repair knee joint defects in rabbits with rat adipose-derived stem cells induced by cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein growth factor 1 (CDMP1),so as to assess the feasibility of using heterogeneity cells as the seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.Methods:The second generation ADSCs were seeded on scaffold,cultured for another two weeks in presence of CDMP1(50 μg/L),and identified by immunohistochemistory method.Bilateral rabbit knee joint defect model was established.The left side defect was embedded with ADSCs-scaffold composite (experimental group); the right side was embedded only with the scaffold(control group).Nine rabbits were killed in each group 8,16,24, and 48 weeks after embedding and the tissues were made into slices for safranine O and haematoxylin eosin staining.Results:In the experimental group the defects were filled with white semi-transparent tissues 8 weeks after embedding,with clear boundary to the surrounding cartilage; 16 weeks after embedding,the boundary of defect was further improved but still could be seen; 24 weeks after embedding,the repair outcomes were satisfactory,with the newly-generated chondrocytes having a nearly normal morphology (sphere shape,cartilage lacuna),and safranine O and haematoxylin eosin staining results were both positive; and 48 weeks after embedding,the boundary of the repair region could be clearly seen,and the repair effects were not as satisfactory as those of after 24 weeks.In the control group the boundary between the repairing area and the normal circumjacent area was visible at all 4 time points,with clear boundary and granulation tissues; the newly generated cells took a spindle shape and were negative for H-E and safranine O staining.Conclusion:The knee joint defects of rabbits can be satisfactorily repaired by using CDMP1-induced ADSCs seeded on spongy bone scaffold of cattle,which provides a theoretical basis for using heterogeneity cells as the seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the role of HPV16E6，cyclin D1，and human telomerase transcriptase (hTERT) in the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) and to discuss the clinical significance.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HPV16E6，cyclin D1，and hTERT in paraffin-embedded nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation tissues.The relationship between their expression with the clinicopathological features of NPC was analyzed;the influence of their expression on prognoses of patients was also analyzed.Results: The positive rates of HPV16E6,cyclin D1,and hTERT in NPC tissues were 62.5%(35/56),50.0%(28/56),and 67.9%(38/56),respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the inflammation tissues (P＜0.05).The positive rates of HPV16E6,cyclin D1,and hTERT increased with the decrease of differentiation grades,increase of clinical stage and presence of lymph node metastases(P＜0.05),but had no relationship with patients’ age or sex(P＞0.05).HPV16E6 expression was positively correlated with cyclin D1 (r=0.480,P<0.001) and hTERT (r=0.494,P<0.001)in NPC tissues.The mean survival period and median survival period in HPV16E6,cyclin D1 and hTERT positive patients were lower than those in the negative ones (P＜0.05).Conclusion: High expression of HPV16E6，cyclin D1，and hTERT might be involved in the development and progression of NPC.HPV16E6 may interact with cyclin D1 and hTERT,contributing to the development of NPC.Examination of the three agents may help to predict the prognoses of NPC.

Abstract:

Abstract:Objective:To study the role of Nkx2-5 gene in 5-azacytidine-induced differentiation of monolayer P19 cells into myocardial cells.Methods:The experiment was divided into two groups:an experimental group and a control group.The cells in the experimental group were P19 cells stably expressing Nkx2-5 gene, and cells in the control group were P19 cells.Under the monolayer-culture condition, the cells of two groups were induced by 5-azacytidine (1 μmol/L).The growth of cells were observed by inverted microscope.On the 4th day, 8th day, 12th day and 16th day after induction, RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of GATA-4, α-MHC and ANP gene.Results:In control group, there was no ANP expression after induction; GATA-4 expression was seen on the 8th day, 12th day, and 16th day after induction; and α-MHC expression was found on the 12th day and 16th day.In experimental group, the expression of GATA-4 was detected on the 4th day, 8th day, 12th day and 16th day after induction; Alpha-MHC and ANP expression was noticed on the 8th day, 12th day and 16th day after induction.RT-PCR results showed that the expression of GATA-4 and α-MHC in the experimental group was earlier than that in the control group.And at all time points of observation, the expression of GATA-4 and α-MHC in the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01), except for α-MHC expression on the 12th day.Conclusion:Nkx2-5 gene can promote 5-azacytidine-induced differentiation of monolayer P19 cells into myocardial cells.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate whether pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide(PACAP）can modulate the immune function of mouse LPS-stimulated dendritic cells.Methods: DCs were derived from bone marrow of C57BL/6 using rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4,then the DCs were exposed to different stimuli for indicated time periods.The stimulated DCs and their culture supernatant were subjected to ELISA and FACS analysis.The total RNA was extracted from the stimulated DC for RT-PCR and RNase Protection Assay.Results: PACAP significantly inhibited the production of IL-2,IL-12,TNF-α and MIP-2 in LPS-stimulated DCs (P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01,respectirely),but the inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6，MIP-1α and MIP-1β production was not apparent.Conclusion: PACAP can negatively modulate the immunity of LPS-stimulated DCs.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the effect of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on liver function and survival of patients after resection of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by a randomized controlled approach.Methods: From July 2001 to December 2003, a total of 108 patients with resectable large HCC（≥ 5 cm）,who met the inclusion criteria,were prospectively randomized into surgical resection group (OP group,n=56) or preoperative TACE group (TACE+OP group,n=52).Operative outcomes,resection rate,1-,3-,and 5-year tumor-free survival rates and overall survival rate were compared between the two groups.Results: The preoperative baseline conditions were equivalent between the two groups.The γ-globulin level in TACE+OP group was significantly higher than that in the OP group（P=0.046）after chemoembolization.The prealbumin level was significantly lower than that of the OP group seven days after operation（P=0.031）.Compared with TACE+OP group,OP group had a significantly higher resection rate (100% vs 89.4%,P=0.017),a less average operative time (P=0.042),and less metastases (2 vs 9,P=0.018).There were no significant differences between the two groups in intraoperative blood loss,warm ischemic time,1-,3-,and 5-year tumor-free survival rates,or overall survival rate.Conclusion: The preoperative TACE can not improve post-operative tumor-free and overall survival rates, and it may result in tumor metastasis or hepatic function damages.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the therapeutic effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients who received surgical excision,so as to discuss whether TACE should be routinely used for ICC patients after surgical resection to prevent recurrence.Methods: The clinical data of 80 pathologically-confirmed ICC patients,who received surgical excision in our hospital from July,2005 to December,2005,were retrospectively analyzed.Thirty-six cases received TACE treatment after operation (group A),and the others did not receive TACE (group B).The general data and laboratory findings were compared between the two groups.The survival periods (six months,1 year,2 years and 3 years) of the patients were observed and statistically analyzed.The risk factors for survival were also analyzed.Results: There were no significant differences in sex,age,history of hepatitis B virus infection,liver cirrhosis,laboratory findings,including hepatitis B surface antigen,alpha-fetoprotein,carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),CA19-9 (CA19-9),alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin,tumor size,number of tumors,and hilar lymph node metastases(P>0.05).The half-year,1-year,2-year and 3-year survival rates in the two groups were 80.6% vs 81.8% (χ2= 0.082 2,P=0.774 4),63.9% vs 65.9% (χ2= 0.418 7,P=0.517 6),25.0% vs 22.7% (χ2= 0.118 7,P=0.730 5),and 8.3% vs 9.1% (χ2= 0.115 7,P=0.733 7),respectively.There were no significant differences between the two groups.COX regression analysis showed that CEA,CA19-9 and hilar lymph node metastasis were the independent risk factors of survival rate,with the coefficients being 2.930 (P=0.012 5),19.913 (P<0.001),and 17.791 (P<0.001),respectively.Postoperative TACE was not an independent factor of patient survival.Conclusion: Postoperative TACE may not improve the survival rate of ICC; therefore routine TACE should not be recommended for ICC patients after TACE to prevent possible recurrence.

Abstract:Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of the ureteroscopic lithotripsy in treatment of ureteral calculi in children.Methods: From March 2008 to May 2009,thirteen pediatric patients with ureteral stones were admitted to our department.There were six males and seven females,with an age range of 23 months to 11 years old.Six patients with stones located at the lower segments of the ureter,four at the middle segments,two at the upper segments,and one at pyelo-ureteral junction and lower ureter. The average diameter of the stones was (1.1±0.47) cm （range 0.6-2.0 cm）.The patients were placed in a lithotomy position; under general or venous anesthesia,ureteroscopy was performed using a semirigid ureteroscope (WOLF Fr 7.5/6),and the ureteral orifice was dilated to 10-12 Fr.Then holmium laser (1.5 J,10 Hz) or pneumatic lithotripter was employed to fragment the stones (diameter of fragment less than 3 mm).Fr4.7 double-J stent was placed after operation and was removed 4 weeks later.Results: Eleven of the 13 patient underwent successful lithotripsy,with the first time successful rate being 84.6%.The mean lithotripsy time was 8 min and the mean operation time was 21 min.There was slight bleeding during operation,but with no noticeable perforation of ureter or post operation fever,etc.Post-operation B ultrasound examination and X ray image revealed no residual stones with diameter > 3 mm in the 11 cases.Partial fragmentation was achieved in one patient with stone at upper ureter segment and one patient with stone at pyelo-ureteral junction and lower ureter,and the stones were excreted after extracorporreal shock wave lithotripy.Conclusion: Ureteroscopic lithotripsy is safe and effective in treatment of children with ureteral stones,which might become one of the first line treatment for children.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the changes of hemodynamic parameters by transesophageal doppler echocardiography (TEE) and pulmonary artery catheter (PCA) before and after volume administration in patients receiving off-pump coronary artery bypass(OPCAB) surgery,to analyze the correlation between the two methods,and to discuss the value of TEE in monitoring the preload during OPCAB.Methods: Twenty patients who were to receive OPCAB were enrolled in the present study.TEE was used to determine the mitral valve flow (MVF).Simultaneously,the central vein pressure (CVP),pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP),pulmonary artery pressure (PAP),mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2),cardiac output (CO),cardiac index (CI),and stroke volume (SV) were examined during OPCAB by PCA.The above parameters were recorded before and immediately after volume infusion (5 ml/kg,in 10 minutes).Patients with SV increased by >10% were taken as effective responders.Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship of SV with the results of TEE and PAC.Results: There were 14 effective responders after the first volume load,and only 6 after the second infusion.Compared with the baseline values,PCWP of all the patients,and CO,CI and SV of the effective responders increased significantly after volume loading (P<0.05); the values of MVe,MTIe,and VTIe+a also increased significantly after volume loading (P<0.05); and there were no significant changes in MVa,VTIa,MVedt values after volume loading.The results of correlation analysis of SV with other parameters were: MVe (r=0.36,P<0.05),VTImve (r=0.63,P<0.05),VTIe/VTIa (r=0.67,P<0.01),VTIe+a(r=0.77,P<0.01),and PCWP (r=0.35,P<0.01).SvO2 was increased after infusion (P<0.05).Conclusion: The relationship of TEE parameters with SV is variable.There is a significant positive correlation between SV with VTIe and VTIe+a;and VTI can be used to evaluate the preload of left ventricular,which should be further studied to guide clinical medication.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the changes of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase(CYP7A1),farnesoid X receptor（FXR）,and small heterodimer partner (SHP) expression in liver tissues of bile duct ligated (BDL) rats,and to analyze the relationship between their expression.Methods: Obstructive cholestasis rat model was induced by bile duct ligation,and rats were sacrificed on day 1,3,and 14 after operation.The hepatic tissues were collected and the total mRNA was extracted.The CYP7A1 mRNA expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR.The protein expression of FXR and SHP in the nuclei was determined by Western blotting analysis.Results: Compared with sham-operated group,experimental obstructive cholestasis group had significantly enhanced CYP7A1 mRNA expression and decreased FXR,SHP expression(P<0.001,P<0.05).Conclusion: The up-regulation of CYP7A1 may be associated with the down-regulation of FXR and SHP.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effect of rosiglitazone on the bone microarchitecture of bilaterally ovariectomized(OVX) rats. Methods: Twenty-one 24-week-old skeletally mature rats were bilaterally ovariectomized,and were randomly divided into three groups (n=7):Control group(C group),Rosiglitazone A group(RA group),and Rosiglitazone B group (RB group). Rats in RA group were given i.g 0.35 mg/d rosiglitazone for four weeks and those in the RB group were given i.g 0.70 mg/d rosiglitazone. Rats in the control group were given normal saline in the same manner. The rats were sacrificed four weeks later. The bone volume/tissue volume(BV/TV),the trabecular number(Tb.N),the trabecular thickness(Tb.Th),the trabecular separation(Th.Sp),and the bone surface/bone volume(BS/BV)of the femur,tibia,and lumbar were determined by micro-computered tomography(micro-CT). Results: Compared with the control group,the Tb.N,Tb.Th,and BS/BV of the femur,tibia,and lumbar all decreased significantly in RA group (except for the BS/BV of tibia) (P<0.05,P<0.01); the Tb.SP of tibia and lumbar in the RA group were significantly increased (P<0.05); and there were no differences in BV/TV between the two groups. Compared with control group,the Tb.N,Tb.Th,and BS/BV of the femur,tibia,and lumbar were decreased significantly in RB group(P<0.05,P<0.01); the Tb.Sp of tibia and lumbar increased significantly(P<0.05); and the BV/TV had no differences between the two groups. There were no significant differences between the RA group and RB group concerning all the parameters. Conclusion: Rosiglitazone can cause injury to the bone microarchitecture,especially to the cancellous part of the bone.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C),D (VEGF-D),and lymphatic vessel formation induced by them in the spreading of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods: We evaluated the expression of VEGF-C and D in 64 ESCC specimens and assessed the lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in tumor and adjacent tissues by using D2-40 immunostaining. And their relationship with the clinicopathological parameters of ESCC was analyzed.Results: The expression of VEGF-C and D was significantly higher in the tumor and adjacent tissues compared with that in the normal control tissue (P<0.01),and their expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastases (P<0.01),TNM stage (P<0.05) and tumor infiltration depth (P<0.05).LVD was significantly higher in tumor and adjacent tissues than in normal tissue (P<0.05); but LVD was not correlated with the clinicopathological parameters,including lymph node metastasis. In addition,the LVD in the VEGF-C or VEGF-D positive groups was significantly higher than that in the negative group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression may promote lymphangiogenesis in esophageal carcinoma,contributing to metastasis of ESCC to regional lymph node.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the application of ureteroscope-assisited laparoscopic varicocelectomy with two trocars only.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical efficacy and safety of ureteroscope-assisited laparoscopic varicocelectomy with only two trocars in management of 11 patients with grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ varicocele,who were treated in our hospital between Jun.2008 to Jun.2009 and were followed up for 3-15 months.Results: The operation was successful in all the 11 cases.The mean operation time was (19.4±1.1)min(ranging 16-28 min).There were no complications after the procedure; the patients were allowed for ambulation on the next day after operation and were discharged on the third day.The sperm count was(2 609±208)×104/ml three months after operation,which was significantly higher than that before operation(1 463±128) ×104/ml(P<0.01).There was no recurrence or testis atrophy.Conclusion: Ureteroscope-assisited laparoscopic varicocelectomy with only two trocars is safe,effective,and easy-to-perform,and it has less complications and trauma.

Abstract:Disrupted pancreatic β-cell function and decreased β-cell number are two of the main causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Recent studies have indicated that autophagy plays an important role in protecting pancreatic β-cell and in maintaining the structure,number,and secretive function of pancreatic β-cell.Although autophagy has been a focus of study in recent years, including areas such as tumor,neural diseases and aging,but its relationship with pancreatic β-cell was not included.In this paper we review the concept of autophagy and its role in maintaining the normal function of pancreatic β-cells.

Abstract:Aquaglyceroporin3 (AQP3),a dual function water channel,can transport both water molecule and other small molecular substances such as glycerol.AQP3-mediated glycerol transport in skin is very important for skin function,whose absence can lead to dry skin,decreased elasticity,and impaired barrier function,and whose overexpression is related to higher risk of skin tumorigenesis.The multiple roles of AQP3 in skin function make it a potential target in treatment of skin disease and development of cosmetics.This paper reviews the characteristics,function,application,and research perspective of AQP3.

Abstract:The chemical constituents of starfish Asterias amurensis have been extensively studied in China.Some unique and new chemical constituents have been isolated from Asterias amurensis; they included saponins,sulfated sterols,amyloses,steroids,amino acids,etc.Many of them have anti-bacterial activities and hemolysis effects.We reviewed the related literatures published home and abroad,hoping to provide more evidence for further development of Asterias amurensis.

Abstract:目的:观察不同剂量雷米芬太尼对失血性休克大鼠肠系膜微循环的影响。方法:健康成年SD大鼠随机分为对照(R0,生理盐水)组,雷米芬太尼1（R1,0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1）组、2（R2,0.5 μg·kg-1·min-1）组、3（R3,1 μg·kg-1·min-1）组。采用快速放血法制备失血性休克模型,2 h后快速回输自体血和生理盐水或不同剂量的雷米芬太尼进行复苏。观察平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、微动脉管径（AD）和微静脉管径（VD）、微动脉流速（AFV）和微静脉流速（VFV）、毛细血管网点数的变化。结果:与休克前比较,复苏后R0组HR增快,R3组HR和MAP均降低；R0、R1组AD均缩小,R3组扩大,且R1、R2和R3组均大于R0组；4组VD均减小,但R1、R2、R3组较R0组大（P<0.05或P<0.01）,R1、R2和R3组之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；R0组流速减慢,毛细血管网点数减少；R1组复苏2 h和R2组的流速快于R0组、网点数多于R0组；R3组AFV减慢、网点数减少,复苏后逐渐恢复,但仍未恢复至休克前水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）;R1、R2和R3组间VFV差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:雷米芬太尼能有效改善失血性休克鼠肠系膜微循环障碍,但非剂量依赖性,以0.5 μg·kg-1·min-1的输注速度较合适。

Abstract:目的:总结Stauffer综合征的临床特点,并讨论其临床意义。方法:回顾分析1999年1月至2007年9月本院收治的37例伴Stauffer综合征的肾癌患者的临床资料,并应用统计学方法分析其预后的影响因素。结果:37例伴Stauffer综合征肾癌患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为78.4%（29/37）、65.4%（17/26）和43.8%（7/16）。术后肝功能恢复者1年和3年生存率分别为89.3%（25/28）和78.9%（15/19）,均显著高于术后肝功能无改善者（4/9和2/7,P<0.05）,而5年生存率在两者间差异无统计学意义（6/12和1/4,P>0.05）。单因素Cox回归分析结果提示,伴Stauffer综合征肾癌患者的预后与性别、肿瘤大小、美国癌症联合会（AJCC）分期、血清胆红素（BIL）及白蛋白（ALB）水平相关（P<0.05）。结论:伴Stauffer综合征肾癌患者的预后较差。术后肝功能恢复的情况可作为判断此类患者短期预后的指标之一,但不能反映长期生存率。术后连续监测肝功能可能有助于尽早发现局部复发及远处转移的病灶。

Abstract:目的:通过比较培美曲塞单药及多西他赛与卡铂方案对70岁以上老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术后辅助化疗的疗效及不良反应,探讨对老年患者安全有效的化疗方案。方法:42例均为手术确诊的NSCLC患者,其中培美曲塞单药组（PEM组）19例,中位年龄76.0岁,培美曲塞500 mg/m2,第1天静脉滴注,每3周重复；多西他赛联合卡铂组23例,中位年龄74.6岁,多西他赛75 mg/m2,第1天静脉滴注,卡铂（AUC=5）第2天静脉滴注,每3周重复。主要评价指标是生存期和疾病进展时间及化疗后的不良反应。结果:PEM组的中位生存期(MST)为23.84个月,多西他赛联合卡铂组的MST为24.13个月；PEM组1年和2年生存率分别为94.74%和73.68%；多西他赛联合卡铂组的1年和2年生存率分别为91.30%和78.26 %,两组间无统计学差异(P=0.729 4)。PEM组的主要不良反应为少数病例出现的Ⅰ～Ⅱ度骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应,多西他赛联合卡铂组的主要不良反应为Ⅱ、Ⅲ度骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应,个别出现Ⅳ度白细胞减少。结论:培美曲塞单药与多西他赛联合卡铂方案对老年NSCLC术后辅助化疗的近期疗效相当,但不良反应发生率低,耐受性较好。

Abstract:目的:探讨超声引导下麦默通（Mammotome）微创旋切对乳腺囊实性病变的诊断、治疗价值。方法:7例超声发现乳腺囊实性肿块的女性患者,均采用8G穿刺针在超声引导下行麦默通旋切活检,3个月后复查。结果:所有病灶均被准确、彻底切除,且乳房外形无改变。其中6例病理学诊断均为乳腺导管内乳头状瘤。结论:超声引导下麦默通旋切活检有助于乳腺囊实性病变的准确取材、定性诊断,尤其对于无乳头溢液的乳腺导管内乳头状瘤集治疗于一体,可替代传统开放手术。

Abstract:目的:比较经皮加压钢板螺钉系统(percutaneous compression plating,PCCP)及动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)两种方法治疗老龄股骨粗隆间骨折的效果。方法:分析2008年5月至2009年5月老龄股骨粗隆间骨折患者50例,男31例,女19例,年龄65～97岁,平均(80.7±16)岁；12例患者采用PCCP治疗,38例采用DHS治疗,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血、术后恢复等指标,评价治疗效果。结果:患者随访3～14个月,平均(10±5)个月。所有患者均获满意疗效,无内固定断裂、髋关节僵硬、畸形等并发症。PCCP组手术时间、术中失血量均优于DHS组(P<0.05)；术后开始锻炼时间、持双拐锻炼时间、持单拐锻炼时间、弃拐锻炼时间、骨折愈合时间、功能评分均优于DHS组(P<0.05),但两组功能恢复优秀率(87.5% vs 80.4%)差异无统计学意义。结论:PCCP是治疗老龄患者股骨粗隆间骨折新的有效方法,具有微创、恢复迅速等优点。

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