Abstract:Objective:To explore the association between polymorphisms of NF-κB1 and NF-κBIα and the risk of hepatitis B virus-associated heptocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The genetic polymorphisms of NF-κB1 and NF-κBIα were detected using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) in patients with the hepatitis B virus-associated HCC, patients with chronic hepatitis B and healthy controls. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to assess the association of the age, sex, smoking history, alcohol drinking,and site of genetic polymorphisms with the susceptibility to HCC. Results: The frequency of NF-κB1 (ATTG2/ATTG2) genotype was significantly higher in HCC group than in healthy controls (odd ratio \[OR\] =2.21, 95% CI 1.25-3.88). Compared to the people who carried NF-κB1 (ATTG1/ATTG1) and NF-κBIα (AA) genotype spontaneously, healthy controls who carried NF-κB1 (ATTG2/ATTG2) and NF-κBIα (GG) genotype had an increased risk for HCC (OR=2.94, 95% CI 1.03-8.44). Chronic hepatitis B patients who carried NF-κB1 (ATTG2/ATTG2) genotype had an increased risk for HCC (OR=2.31, 95% CI 1.22-4.38). Multivariate analysis showed increased risk in male HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B(OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.19-3.41), in those who carried NF-κB1 (ATTG2/ATTG2) genotype (OR=2.17, 95%CI 1.23-3.85), in those who had a smoking history (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.04-3.07), and in those who had a drinking history (OR=2.58, 95% CI 1.50-4.43). Conclusion: Genotype NF-κB1 (ATTG2/ATTG2) is a risk factor of HCC, and it has a synergistic effect with NF-κBIα (GG) genotype in contributing to hepatocarcinogenesis. Smoking and alcohol drinking are also risk factors for HCC.

Abstract:Objective:To identify the metastasis-associated splice variants of CD99 and investigate the mRNA expression of the splice variants in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) tissues, so as to investigate its relationship with the initiation and progression of ccRCC. Methods: Alternative Splicing Database was used to predict the splice variants of CD99．The six predicted splice variants of CD99 were identified in the metastatic tissues, primary ccRCCs and normal tissues adjacent to cancer by using self-designed primer sets，and were cloned into vectors and sequenced. The mRNA expression of CD99 type Ⅰ,CD99 type Ⅱ,and CD99-Ⅲ were detected in 9 metastatic tissues and their corresponding cancer tissues, 21 primary ccRCCs and normal tissues adjacent to cancer by RT-PCR. Results: A new isoform of CD99 (CD99-Ⅲ) was identified, which was detected in 8 of the 9 metastatic tissues, a ratio significantly higher than that in the primary ccRCCs without metastasis (10 out of 21,P<0.05).The results revealed that the transcripts of CD99 type Ⅰ was present in all of the ccRCC specimens tested; CD99 type Ⅱ was detected in 6 of 9 metastatic corresponding primary cancer tissues,a ratio significantly higher than that in cancer tissues without metastasis(3 out of 21,P=0.008) . Conclusion: CD99 type Ⅱ and CD99-Ⅲ, a novel splice variant of CD99，may be associated with the initiation and progression of ccRCC．

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the expression of metastasis-associated molecules CD99, FKBP5 and FLJ13576 in primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Methods: Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine the differential expression of CD99, FKBP5, and FLJ13576 in the primary ccRCC tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal renal tissues. Results: The positive rates of CD99, FKBP5, and FLJ13576 in the primary ccRCC tissues were 72%, 60% and 48%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the adjacent normal renal tissues（28%, 24%, and 16%, P<0.05）. Conclusion: Cancer metastasis-associated molecules CD99, FKBP5 and FLJ13576 are highly expressed in the primary ccRCC tissues, which might be associated with the development and progression of renal cancer. CD99, FKBP5 and FLJ13576 may serve as potential markers for detection of ccRCC.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, microsurgery feasibility and postoperation comprehensive treatment strategy of callosal gliomas, so as to improve the prognosis of patients. Methods: The clinical manifestations, diagnoses, microsurgical approaches, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and prognoses of 82 callosal gliomas patients, who were treated in our hospital during January 1995 and December 2007, were retrospectively analyzed. The optimal surgical approach and resection strategies were chosen preoperatively according to the imaging features of tumors. Resections were performed and the navigational orientation was used during operation in 8 cases, type-B ultrasonic supervision was used in 4 cases, and cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) was used in 5 cases. Patients with tumors above grade Ⅱ underwent chemotherapy（teniposide＋semustine）and radiotherapy designated individually according to the pathological grades and involvement of gliomas. The follow-up study was conducted by telephone, mail or outpatient department visits. Results: The clinical manifestations of the 82 patients included headache and vomiting (n=44), epilepsy (n=16), mental symptoms (n=12), and mild plasy (n=20). Resections were performed via the longitudinal fissure approach in 44 cases, via the transcortical approach in 24 cases, and via the longitudinal fissure and transcortical combined approach in 5 patients; 7 patients received stereotactic biopsy and 2 patients only received chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Six patients had tumors found in the rostrum of corpus callosum, 36 in the genu of corpus callosum, 30 in the body of corpus callosum, and 10 in the splenium of corpus callosum. Total surgical resection was performed in 45 cases, subtotal in 13 cases,and partial in 15 case. Pathological findings confirmed astrocytoma in 48 cases, oligodendroglioma in 11 cases, ependymoma in 2 cases, and glioblastoma in 19 cases. The follow-up of 61 patients indicated that 89% patients survived for over 1 year, 71% survived for over 2 years, 62% survived for over 3 years and 39% survived for over 5 years, with a median survival time being 47 months and the longest survival time being 140 months. COX regression analysis found that elder age, higher pathology grade and incomplete resection were associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion: The callosal gliomas locate at especial position, and the anatomic characteristic, adjacent structure, blood supply should be fully understood before operation. Accurate surgical approaches assisted by appropriate therapeutic strategies can improve the prognosis of the patients. The longitudinal fissure approach is commonly used. The proficient microsurgical technique combined with navigation and type-B ultrasonic can improve the resection outcome and prognosis of patients.

Abstract:Objective:To discuss the early diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia (MH) and its treatment regimen without dantrolene. Methods: A patient of American Society of Anesthesiologist class Ⅰhad sudden muscle spasms and masseter muscle spasm during induction of anesthesia for idiopathic scoliosis surgery, and was diagnosed as having MH. Without using dantrolene, the patient was treated promptly with removal of inducement, control of temperature, adequate oxygen supply, maintaining of pH, water and electrolyte balance, and protection of renal function. The dynamic changes of the myoglobin in the blood and urine, serum creatine kinase, the blood gas indicators, and EtCO2, together with the pathological changes of the quadriceps were observed. Our experience on diagnosis and treatment was summarized. Results: The patient fully recovered and was discharged without any complications. The myoglobin in the blood and urine, serum creatine kinase and its isoenzyme increased rapidly and reached the peak one hour after MH, and maintained for about ten hours, then returned gradually to normal level about five days later. The temperature and EtCO2 increased immediately after development of MH, arterial blood gas quickly showed hypercapnic acidosis, but pH maintained normal or partial alkali during the treatment due to sodium bicarbonate administration; the alkali maintained obviously higher. Some quadriceps muscle cell had vacuolar degeneration and lysis. Conclusion: Non-ventilation induced increase of EtCO2 is a reliable indicator for early diagnosis of MH. Anesthetics, such as succinylcholine, should be avoided in patients at high risk of MH, and EtCO2 should be monitored. Once MH is diagnosed, dantrolene is the first choice. When without dantrolene, satisfactory outcome can be achieved through early diagnosis, timely removal of incentives, control of temperature, adequate oxygen supply, maintaining of stable internal environment, control of arrhythmia and protection of renal function.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effects of different magnetic simulations on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell differentiation of human fetal neural stem cell in vitro. Methods: Isolated neural stem cells were exposed to magnetic stimulation (with a frequency of 0.5 Hz, a wave wide of 72 μs and an intensity of 1.44 Tesla) once daily for 3 days. The cells were divided into three groups according to the pulses of magnetic stimulation each time: A group (thirty pulses each time), B group (sixty pulses each time), C group (ninety pulses each time) and D group (control group). MTT assay was applied to detect the proliferation activity of the neural stem cells, and flow cytometry was employed to detect the effect of magnetic stimulation on cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and cell differentiation. Results: The D values of neural stem cells in A, B, and C groups were significantly higher than those in the control group 24 to 48 hours after stimulation(P<0.05), indicating a slightly promoted proliferation of neural stem cells after magnetic stimulation. The proportions of G0/G1 phase cells of A, B, and C groups were less than those of the control group, and the proportion of G2/M-phase cells was higher than that of the control group. The proportions of β-tuberlin positive neurons in A, B, and C groups were higher than those in the control group as demonstrated by flow cytometry, and the proportion of neurons increased from 21.70% to 34.17% (P<0.05). Conclusion: Under proper condition, magnetic simulation can slightly promote cell proliferation and can induce neural stem cell differentiation into neurons in vitro, which may benefit neural function reconstruction.

Abstract:

Abstract:Objective:To clarify whether the signal peptide of human nerve growth factor can mediate secretory expression of beta-endorphin and whether there is difference between the efficiency of signal peptides from human and mouse nerve growth factor. Methods: Two kinds of eukaryotic vectors containing human or mouse signal sequence-mediated secretory expression of beta-endorphin were constructed.The culture supernatant and cells were collected 48 h after NIH3T3 cells were transfected by the two kinds of vectors, and the cover slips with single-layer cells was prepared. The concentration of beta-endorphin in the culture was determined by radio-immunoassay. The total RNA was extracted from cells and mRNA from fusion genes was assayed by RT-PCR. Cells on cover slips were subjected to immunofluorescence staining. Results: RT-PCR showed that the fusion genes were expressed in NIH3T3 cells; the expression of beta-endorphin was mainly in the cytoplasm of NIH3T3 cells. The concentrations of beta-endorphin in the supernatants 48 h after transfection with pcDNA3.1-hEP and pcDNA3.1-mEP were (280.33±24.16) pg/ml and (191.04±7.96) pg/ml (P<0.05), respectively, and they were significantly different from that of the blank control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The signal sequence of human nerve growth factor can mediate the secretory expression of protein and the efficacy of human signal peptide is higher than that of mouse signal peptide.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the anti-apoptosis effect of tremella polysaccharides (TP) on cardiomyocytes by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: TP was extracted by dehydrated alcohol and the TP purity was measured by gas chromatography. The cultured cardiomyocytes of the neonatal rats were randomly assigned to normal group (Group A), apoptosis-induced group (Group B) and TP-pretreatment group (Group T). The morphology and uptake rate of trypan blue were studied after 72 h. The apoptosis index of cardiomyocyte was measured by flow cytometry. In the in vivo study, 100 ICR mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups after paired by body weight as following: Group N (negative control group, peritoneally injected by saline daily); Group C (positive control group, peritoneally injected by D-galactose and saline daily); Group L, M, and H (peritoneally injected by D-galactose and intragastric administered with TP at 100, 200, 400 mg/day, respectively). Mice were sacrificed for histology and biochemistry studies after 8 weeks. Results: Data of cultured cardiomyocytes were as follows: Uptake rate of trypan blue: B>C>A (P<0.01)；apoptosis index：B>C>A (P<0.01). In the animal studies there were no obvious difference in myocardium pathology between groups. The order of the apoptosis indices of myocardium was H

Abstract:Objective:To observe the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on peripheral hematopoietic stem cells (PHSCs) in a Chinese population, and to mobilize PHSCs by combined use of HBO and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in an animal experiment. Methods: (1) The changes of CD34+ absolute count before and after HBO therapy were observed under routine HBO conditions in 8 patients who received long-term HBO therapy and 18 patients who received HBO therapy for neurological injuries. (2) Thirty BALB/c mice were equally randomized into three groups: HBO group, where the animals were exposed to HBO; HGF group, where the animals received recombinant hematopoietic growth factor injection; and HBO+HGF group. Postglobe venous blood was harvested before and after treatment; the gated cell CD34/Scal-1 dual-positive population was determined by flow cytometry. Results: (1) After 7 episodes of HBO therapies, the peripheral CD34+ absolute count of the patients rose from (1.87±1.08）×106/L before treatment to (4.75±4.67）×106/L(an increase of 2.54 folds); while the number was（2.85±1.94）×106/L after 14 episodes of HBO therapies (with an increase of 1.52 folds) and (3.26±3.49）×106/L after 20 episodes of HBO therapies (with a increase of 1.74 folds) . The peripheral CD34+ absolute count of the 8 patients who received long-term HBO therapy for neurological injuries was （2.11±1.14）×106/L, not significantly different from that of the 18 patients before treatment. (2) The gated cell CD34/Scal-1 dual-positive population in HBO group, HGF group, and HBO+HGF group after treatment were 2.01, 2.66, and 3.76 folds before treatment, respectively. Conclusion: Multiple HBO exposure can mobilize PHSC; prolonged HBO exposure fails to maintain the peripheral CD34+ absolute count at a relatively high level. Concomitant use of HBO and HFG can more effectively mobilize PHSCs.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the correlation between CT appearances and pathological findings at acute stage pulmonary candidiasis in rabbits. Methods: Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Rabbits in the experimental group were inoculated with Candida albicans via percutaneous trachea puncture and those in the control groups were injected with normal saline via the same way. Chest CT scans were performed every other day from the day the inoculations were completed. The scan results were controlled with the pathological findings. Results: Pulmonary candidiasis model were confirmed in 13 rabbits. The early CT appearance of pulmonary candidiasis was found from the second day to the tenth day after inoculation. We found consolidation in 10 cases, including 6 sublobe consolidation (intra-alveolar exudates) and 4 lobe or section consolidation (pulmonary infarct or hemorrhage). Ground-glass attenuation (hemorrhage or exudates) was found in 6 cases and often coincided with other CT signs. Nodules were found in 3 cases and often found surrounding the bronchovascular bundle (granulomatous inflammation). Conclusion: Consolidation is the major CT findings of primary pulmonary candidiasis at acute stage, followed by ground-glass attenuation and nodules. Various signs can occur simultaneously with no specificity.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in estrogen-induced proliferation and cell cycle transformation of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the related mechanisms. Methods: Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was used in our study. The effects of 17β-E2 on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells was investigated by MTT assay to determine the optimal concentration of 17β-E2 for the following experiment. The effect of PD98059 on 17β-E2-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells was measured by MTT assay to determine the intermediate concentration of PD98059. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry and telomerase activity was determined by Telomerase repeat amplification protocol PCR (TRAP-PCR) silver staining. The expression of wild-type p53 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 protein was determined by Western blotting and the expression of wild-type p53 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results: ERK phosphorylation inhibitor PD98059 inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells treated with 17β-E2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner(P＜0.01). The intermediate concentrations of PD98059 were 89.28 μmol/L for 24 h,39.81 μmol/L for 48 h and 21.87 μmol/L for 72 h. Treatment with 20 μmol/L PD98059 for 48 h reversed the promoting effect of 17β-estradiol on the cell cycle transformation of MCF-7, increasing the number of G1 phase cells and decreasing the number of S and M phase cells(P＜0.01),inhibited the enhancing effect of 17β-E2 on the telomerase activity of MCF-7 cells(P＜0.05), increased the protein expression level and genetic transcription of wild-type p53 (P＜0.01),and decreased the expression of p-ERK1/2 protein(P＜0.01）.Conclusion: ERK plays an important role in 17β-E2-induced proliferation and cell cycle transformation of breast cancer cell line MCF-7, which might be related to the changes of genetic transcription of wild-type p53 and telomerase activity.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of Let-7c in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast cancer and its correlation with the clinicopathologic features of the patients. Methods: The expression of Let-7c was examined in 40 tissues of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast cancer and their matched non-tumor adjacent tissue specimens by stem-loop real-time RT-PCR. The correlation of the expression with the clinicopathological features of breast cancer, such as the clinical staging, lymphatic metastasis, and proliferation index, was analyzed. Results: The stem-loop realtime RT-PCR was sensitive and specific in detecting Let-7c expression. Expression of Let-7c in breast cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in the adjacent normal tissues(P＜0.05). Down-regulation of Let-7c expression was associated with higher proliferation index (Ki-67＞10%) (P=0.030) and the status of Estrogen/Progesterone receptor (P=0.040/0.034)in breast cancer patients. There was no significant association of Let-7c expression with menopause condition, breast cancer TNM clinical stage, or lymphatic metastasis(P＞0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest Let-7c may play an important role in the development of breast cancer and the level of Let-7c expression may be a potential parameter in forecasting the progression and prognosis of breast cancer patients.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the applicability of modified MDRD equation in predicting Glomerular filtration rate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Totally 481 CKD patients, who were diagnosed based on K/DOQI guideline from Jan. 2005 to Jan. 2007 in our hospital, were enrolled in this study. The sex, age, body weight and height of patients were recorded; the plasma creatinine，serum albumin and 99mTc-GFR( standardized by body surface area) were measured. GFRs were estimated by abbreviated MDRD equation and the modified MDRD equation separately. The bias, accuracy and precision of both equations were compared. Results: The estimated GFRs (eGFRs) by both equations were significantly correlated with the rGFR(P<0.01).Except for the slightly decreased precision, the modified MDRD equation showed great improvements in the 5%, 30%, and 50% accuracy and bias when compared with the original abbreviated MDRD equation(P<0.05). Compared with the original equation，the modified MDRD equation showed smaller bias in all stages of CKD except for stage 5(P<0.05). The modified MDRD equation also decreased the absolute bias and improved the 30% accuracy in stage 2 CKD (P<0.01).Conclusion: Compared with original equation, the modified MDRD equation has great advantages in predicting the total GFR and GFRs at different CKD stages. Currently it can be used in predicting the GFR of Chinese CKD patients.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the expression of CD36 in peripheral monocytes in patients with Type 2 diabetes, and to study the influence of rosiglitazone on CD36 expression and the related the mechanism. Methods: The expression of CD36 in the peripheral monocytes of patients with Type 2 diabetes was measured by flow cytometry before and after rosiglitazone treatment; the correlation between monocytes CD36 expression and metabolic index was analyzed. Results: Flow cytometry showed that the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI ) of monocyte CD36 in Type 2 diabetes was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls(745.9±281.3 vs 406.3±80.2,P<0.01). CD36 MFI in patients with Type 2 diabetes atherosclerosis was significantly higher than that in patients with Type 2 diabetes non-atherosclerosis(878.2±296.1 vs 584.2±148.3,P<0.01). Besides, we also found that CD36 expression, fasting blood glucose(FBG), post-prandial blood glucose(PBG), hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), FIN, PIN, and HOMA-IR were all significantly decreased after rosiglitazone intervention compared with those before rosiglitazone intervetion and placebo group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between monocyte CD36 expression with FBG(r=0.55,P<0.05), HbA1c(r=0.62,P<0.01), and HOMA-IR(r=0.64,P<0.01); but the expression was not correlated with PBG, FIN, or PIN. Conclusion: The increased expression of CD36 in monocytes of patients with Type 2 diabetes may be one of the mechanisms for accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Rosiglitazone can decrease CD36 expression in monocytes through effectively controlling the blood glucose and decreasing insulin resistance.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Eucommiae ulmoides seed total glycoside(EUG). Methods: Dimethyl benzene(DB)-induced mouse ear edema model and carrageein-induced rat paw edema model were employed for the anti-inflammatory activity experiment. The experiment for analgesic activity was done using hot plate test, photoelectricity-induced test and acetic acid-induced writhing method. Results: EUG at 110,220 mg/kg showed an obvious inhibitory effect against DB-induced mouse ear edema volume, and at 55， 110, 220 mg/kg it showed an obvious analgesic effect against carrageein-induced rat paw edema rate 4 hours after oral administration. At 220 mg/kg EUG notably raised the pain threshold in the mice stimulated by hot plate and photoelectricity. At 110,220 mg/kg EUG greatly reduced the number of acid-induced writhing. Conclusion: The result suggests that EUG has potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the mRNA expression of BCSG1（breast carcinoma specific gene,BCSG1）, BTF（Bcl-2-associated transcription factor，BTF）, Bcl-2（B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2，Bcl-2） and two subtypes of estrogen receptors in osteosarcoma and their implication. Methods: The expression of BCSG1, ERα, BTF, ERβ, and Bcl-2 mRNA were examined in 16 poorly differentiated osteosarcoma samples and a cell line hFOB 1.19 by quantitative RT-PCR. The relationship between their expression was analyzed. Results: The mRNA expression of BCSG1, Bcl-2 and two subtypes of estrogen receptors in the osteosarcoma tissues was significantly higher than that in the osteoblast cell line of hFOB 1.19; the expression of BTF was not significantly different. ERα/ERβ in the osteosarcoma tissues was significantly higher than that in the hFOB 1.19 cells (P<0.01). BCSG1, ERα, ERβ, Bcl-2 and BTF expression was not associated with the tumor size or patients gender. Correlation analysis showed there was a linear relationship between expression of BCSG1 and ERα，ERβ and Bcl-2, and ERα/ERβ ratio and Bcl-2. Conclusion: BCSG1 may enhance the activation of estrogen receptor-α gene transcription, and ERβ may influence the expression of Bcl-2 in osteosarcoma.

Abstract:Objective:To study the relationship of folic acid, homocysteine with pancreatic cancer. Methods: A case-control study was performed in which the case group was defined as patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer and the control group were population-based healthy individuals. ELISA assay was used to determine the plasma levels of folic acid, homocysteine, vitamine B6 and vitamine B12 in all the subjects. The general information (such as demology data, smoking history, diet, etc) was collected by face to face talking using a standard questionnaire. Univariate analyses were performed using Chi-square tests for norminal variables and unpair t-tests for continuous variables. The variables with a P value no more than 0.25 in univariate analyses were selected as candidate variables for a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Forty-two patients with pancreatic cancer and 42 healthy individuals were included in the present study. The results of univariate analyses showed that the plasma folic acid, homocysteine, vitamine B12 and vitamine B6 were not significantly different between the two groups (P＞0.05); they were potentially associated with pancreatic cancer (P<0.25), but were not significant risk factors(P＞0.05).The consumptions of vegetables, fruits, white meat and milk in case group was significantly less in the pancreatic cancer group than in the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratios (95% CI) of plasma folic acid, vitamin B6, and homocysteine for pancreatic cancer were 0.571 (0.383-0.851), 0.750 (0.557-1.011), and 1.514 (0.986-2.326), respectively. Conclusion: Increased plasma folic acid can decrease the risk of pancreatic cancer. Plasma vitamin B6 might be a protective factor and homocysteine might be a risk factor of pancreatic cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the relationship of hypertension with osteoporosis（OP）and bone mineral density(BMD) in elderly type 2 diabetic women. Methods: A total of 179 elderly type 2 diabetic women were categorized into hypertension group（n=124）and nonhypertension group（n=55）. Lumbar and hip BMD were measured by dualenergy Xray absorptiometry. Prevalences of osteoporosis were compared between the two groups using Chisquare test, and BMD was compared using covariance analysis. The correlation between the osteoporosis and risk factors was analyzed using binary logistic regression method. Results: The prevalences of osteoporosis（total OP, lumber OP and hip OP） in nonhypertension group were higher than that of the hypertension group(Pt=0.037, Pl=0.042 and Ph=0.051, respectively). Lumbar and hip BMD in the hypertension group was higher than that in the nonhypertension group, and there were significant differences in L3 and L4 BMDs between the two groups (P3=0.040，P4=0.021); however, the difference disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (BMD). After adjustment for C peptide, the P value also increased, but not as obvious as after adjustment for BMI. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that OP was associated with age, BMI and osteocalcin, but not with hypertension. Conclusion: OP is associated with the age, BMI, and osteocalcin, but not with hypertension in elderly type 2 diabetic women.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of early treatment with a combination of rhubarb and high volume hemofiltration for patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the 31 SAP patients, who were treated in our department between June 2005 and December 2007.Twelve patients (control group) received high-volume hemofiltration only and the other 19 patients(treatment group)received both hemofiltration and rhubarb-enchyma infused via a gastric tube for three days.The vital signs and recovery of gastrointestinal functions were observed in the two groups.The serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 ( IL-6) and plasma endotoxin were measured in the two groups.Results: The vital signs of all the patients were stable during the treatment.The APACHEⅡscore and serum cytokine concentrations were significantly decreased in the two groups after treatment(P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (P>0.05).Gastrointestinal function of the treatment group recovered earlier, with an effective rate significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The plasma endotoxin of the control group were gradually elevated during the treatment; that of the treatment group increased first and then gradually decreased; and there was significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion: High-volume hemofiltration can clear the plasma inflammatory mediators and cytokines.Rhubarb can improve the gastrointestinal function and decrease the plasma endotoxin level of SAP patients; early treatment with a combination of both can improve the clinical outcomes of patients.

Abstract:Voltage-gated potassium channels regulate cell membrane potential and excitability in neurons. Trigeminal ganglion as a primary sensory neuron plays an important role in the pain transduction and transmission of trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal ganglion neurons express many subtypes of voltage-gated potassium channels and they can evoke different type of K+ current when activated. The alteration of voltage-gated potassium channels and their interaction with neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines and receptors play important roles in the development of trigeminal neuralgia.

Abstract:AMPARs are excitatory glutamate receptors that mediate the fast synaptic transmission.AMPARs are homo- or hetero-tetramers composed of selective combinations of four subunits: GluR1, GluR2, GluR3 and GluR4. AMPARs containing GluR2 are mainly in the central nervous system and are Ca2+ impermeable. MPARs-lacking GluR2 are Ca2+ permeable, and GluR2-lacking AMPARs are confined to certain neurons or certain physiological or pathological conditions. Recent research showed that GluR2-lacking AMPARs play special roles in the synaptic function and plasticity and transduction of local signal transduction. This paper reviews the GluR2-lacking AMPARs and their roles in the synaptic function and plasticity.

Abstract:The discovery of circulating fetal DNA paves a new way for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Examining the specific fetal DNA sequence of the circulating fetal DNA has been used for prenatal diagnosis of sex-linked disorders, fetal rhesus D blood typing and single gene inheritance disease. The variation of the circulating DNA levels can also be used for diagnosis of preeclampsia, premature delivery, and fetal chromosome disorders. This paper aims to review the biochemistry characters and clinical application of the circulating fetal DNA in maternal peripheral plasma.

Abstract:The quorum sensing commonly exists in procaryote kingdom, regulating various biologic functions. Recently similar phenomenon was also found in fungi world, which affecting both biofilm formation and dimorphism. In this article, we focus on the recent progress on quorum sensing of pathogenic fungi and discuss the possibility of taking quorum sensing molecule as a potential target for antifungl therapy.

Abstract:目的:建立逆转录病毒介导的MCPH1基因RNA干扰表达体系并观察其在宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)中对MCPH1表达的影响。方法: 将人MCPH1基因RNA干扰双链DNA片段重组到逆转录病毒质粒pSilencer5.1-H1 Retro中,构建携带人MCPH1基因RNA干扰逆转录病毒载体pSiRNA-MCPH1,经PT67细胞包装后,产生的重组逆转录病毒感染宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞,并用嘌呤霉素筛选产生稳定的细胞克隆,用RT-PCR和Western印迹检测细胞中MCPH1 mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。结果:重组pSiRNA-MCPH1质粒经测序鉴定正确；重组逆转录病毒感染HeLa细胞后用嘌呤霉素筛选出稳定的细胞克隆；RT-PCR和Western印迹检测人MCPH1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显低于阴性对照组和未干扰组。结论:携带人MCPH1基因RNA干扰双链DNA片段的逆转录病毒感染HeLa细胞后能明显抑制MCPH1 mRNA和蛋白表达,为进一步研究MCPH1在宫颈癌中的作用奠定了基础。

Abstract:目的:研究不同透皮促渗剂对复方跌打损伤药方中主要成分胡椒碱体外经皮渗透的促进作用。方法:采用Franz扩散池,选择氮酮、丙二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）、油酸、薄荷油及其组合作为透皮促渗剂,以预处理的离体小鼠皮肤作为渗透屏障,HPLC 法测定接收液中胡椒碱的含量。结果:与空白对照组相比,除丙二醇以外,其余透皮促渗剂均能显著提高胡椒碱的渗透速率（P<0.05）,其中以氮酮与NMP合用促渗效果最好,渗透速率达到4.49 μg·cm-2·h-1。结论:氮酮与NMP联用的复合促透剂促渗效果最好，适合作为本复方的透皮促渗剂。

Abstract:目的:观察藏药七十味珍珠丸对急性血瘀模型大鼠血液流变学的影响及对高血脂大鼠血脂的影响。方法:预防性给药后,采用肾上腺素加冰水冷浴法建立急性血瘀大鼠模型,观察七十味珍珠丸对全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、全血还原粘度、纤维蛋白原、血沉、血沉方程k值、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数和红细胞电泳指数的影响;采用高脂饲料喂饲大鼠建立高脂血症大鼠模型,观察七十味珍珠丸对大鼠总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白及低密度脂蛋白的影响。结果:七十味珍珠丸预防给药能显著降低急性血瘀模型大鼠的全血粘度、血浆粘度、全血还原粘度、纤维蛋白原(P<0.01或P<0.05),对红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数和红细胞电泳指数改变无统计学意义;对高血脂大鼠的血脂未见明显影响。结论:藏药七十味珍珠丸具有明显改善血瘀大鼠多项血液流变学指标的作用,但无明显降脂作用。

Abstract:自1994年Bucala等\[1\]首次确认了外周血中循环成纤维细胞这一白细胞亚群的存在后，其便逐渐成为了创伤及纤维化病变领域的研究热点。循环成纤维细胞以同时表达部分造血来源细胞（CD34、CD45RO、CD11等）和间质细胞分子（CollagenⅠ、Ⅲ等）标记为特征，可继续分化为肌成纤维细胞。此外，循环成纤维细胞还能够提呈抗原，启动炎症反应；分泌转化生长因子（TGF）-β等纤维形成因子，促进定植于组织中的成纤维细胞增殖、转化及迁移\[2-3\]；分泌基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）等血管形成因子，促进内皮细胞增殖、迁移，加快新生血管的形成\[4\]。通过以上多种作用参与创伤修复、脏器纤维化及血栓形成等病理过程。目前国内尚鲜有此方面研究。

Abstract:产后溶血性尿毒症综合征(postpartum hemolytic uremic syndrome,PHUS)是产科临床上少见的危急重症,起病急,进展快,病死率高,我院收治1例系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)合并PHUS的患者,经抢救无效死亡,现将诊治经过及体会报道如下:

Abstract: