Abstract:Objective:To study the influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticle(TiO2) on follicle development and oocyte maturation of rats using in vitro rat preantral follicle culture system,so as to know whether TiO2 can cause female reproductive toxicity and provide evidences for evaluating its safety.Methods: Rat ovaries were mechanically dissected to obtain preantral follicles and the individual preantral follicle was cultured in 96-well plates.The study was divided into 5 groups: three 25 nm TiO2 groups (12.5 μg/ml,25 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml),one negative control group (treated with culture medium),and one micron TiO2 control group.Ten days after culture,the ovulation was induced and the follicle development and oocyte maturation were observed.Results:The survival rate of follicles,formation rate of antral follicles and release rate of cumulus-oocyte cell complexes (COCs) all decreased with the increase of 25 nm TiO2(P<0.05).Compared with the negative control group,micron TiO2 group had no obvious changes in the follicle development and oocyte maturation.Compared with the two control groups,25 nm TiO2 caused obvious morphological changes of follicles and obvious decrease in follicle survival and formation rate of antral follicles.50 μg/ml 25 nm TiO2 reduced the number of mature oocytes.Conclusion: 25 nm TiO2 at 25 μg/ml or above can inhibit rat follicle development and oocyte maturation in vitro,while the micron TiO2 at the same dose has no obvious influence on follicle development and oocyte maturation,suggesting different toxic properties between nmTiO2 and micron TiO2.Titanium dioxide nanoparticle may have female reproductive toxicity and should be given more attention.

Abstract:Objective:To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector carrying human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) UL144 gene and to explore the biological characteristics of UL144 gene-modified DCs.Methods: The UL144 gene was amplified from hCMV DNA,which was extracted from hCMV-DNA positive serum.The recombinant adenovirus vector carrying hCMV UL144 gene was constructed with AdEasy system and then transfected into HEK293 cells to create recombinant adenovirus Ad-UL144.The expression of inserted gene was identified by RT-PCR.The recombinant adenovirus was then transfected into mice myeloid dendritic cells.The surface proteins of dendritic cells were analyzed by FACS,and cytokines in supernatant were detected by ELISA.T cell proliferation stimulated by gene-modified DC was examined by 3H-TdR uptake assay.Results: The UL144 gene was successfully cloned into the pAdEasy-1 plasmid.The recombinant adenovirus Ad-UL144 was packed in HEK293 cells,with a viral titer of 3×1010 pfu/ml.DCs infected with AdCMV-UL144 had markedly decreased surface expression of CD80,CD86 and I-Ad (P<0.01).The contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly decreased in the supernatant of AdCMV-UL144 modified DCs(P<0.05).T cell proliferation ability induced by gene-modified DC was obviously lower than in the DC control group (P<0.01).Conclusion: UL144-modified DCs can maintain a relative immature status,and have reduced stimulating activity upon the proliferation and activation of T cells in vitro.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the relationship between HHIP expression and its hypermethylation in human pancreatic cancer cell lines，so as to provide new insights into the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer．Methods: Human pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3，CFPAC-1，PANC-1，AsPC-1 and PaTu8988s were used in the present study. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunocytochemical S-P method were used to detect the expression of HHIP at mRNA and protein levels before and after treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR)，a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor．Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) combined with DNA sequencing were adopted to identify the CpG island methylation of HHIP gene．Results: Expression of HHIP mRNA/protein was absent in the five pancreatic cancer cell lines before 5-Aza-CdR treatment, and re-expressed after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR．CpG island hypermethylation of HHIP gene was observed in the five pancreatic cell lines by MSP and DNA sequencing．Conclusion: Hypermethylation in CpG island of HHIP gene is correlated with the inhibition of HHIP expression in human pancreatic cancer cell lines, and it might play an important role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer．

Abstract:Objective:To study the effect of PTCH1 methylation on gastric carcinogenesis and the therapeutic effect of methylation inhibitor,5-aza-2′-deoxyeytidine (5-aza-dC), for treatment of gastric cancer.Methods: The total RNAs were extracted from 10 gastric cancer tissues,their corresponding adjacent normal tissues, and gastric cancer cell line AGS.The PTCH1 mRNA expression was detected by Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) and the methylation of the promoter was examined by methylation specific PCR (MSP).AGS cells were treated by 5-Aza-dC; the cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry,and the methylation level was also observed.Results: PTCH1 expression was negatively correlated with promoter methylation in gastric cancer tissues,their corresponding adjacent normal tissues, and gastric cancer cell line AGS(r=-0.591,P=0.006).5-Aza-dC treatment caused apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest of AGS cells,and also induced demethylation of PTCH1 and increased its expression.Conclusion: Hypermethylation of PTCH1 gene promoter region is one of the main causes of low PTCH1 expression in AGS cells.Demethylation agent 5-Aza-dC can reverse this methylation status of PTCH1 and regulate the expression of PTCH1,suggesting a role for it in gastric cancer treatment.

Abstract:Objective:To measure the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at each development stage of early embryos incubated with glucose in vitro,and to probe into the mechanism by which glucose blocks the development of mouse early embryos.Methods: Mouse early embryos were cultured with different concentrations of glucose （0,5,10,15,20,25 and 30 mmol/L） added in modified CZB (m-CZB) medium.ROS levels inside and outside of embryos were examined by molecule probes of hydroethidine and spectrophotometry at different stages of embryos.Results: When glucose concentration reached 15 mmol/L,the blastocyst developmental rates decreased significantly compared with control (0 mmol/L glucose,P<0.05); superoxide anion (O2-·) levels inside embryos and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) levels in the medium with 15 mmol/L glucose were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in medium with no glucose at late 2-cell stage.However,there was no significant difference in O2-·levels in the embryos exposed to 15 mmol/L glucose and no glucose at other growth stages (P>0.05).Conclusion: High glucose may induce ROS production at late 2-cell stage and block the development of mouse embryos.

Abstract:Objective:To screen for simulation peptide binding specifically to the first and the second extra-cellular domain of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5),and to observe their therapeutic effect on mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Methods: Phage display peptide library was used to screen for peptide sequence binding specifically to CCR5; ELISA was used to identify its binding activity and analyze its DNA sequence. The simulation peptide was synthesized and was injected into abdominal cavity of the EAE mice. Spinal cord tissues were obtained and the pathologic changes were studied by H-E staining in EAE control group and simulation peptide group.Results: Twenty phage clones were randomly chosen for identification and ELISA showed that there were eighteen clones had a strong binding activity with CCR5. The positive clones were sequenced and four peptides of high frequency were obtained: STFTTTL,TPIPQLL,SLPLPKP,and QTSSAAL. Mean clinical score of mice in the EAE model group was 3 and that of the simulation peptide group was 1. H-E staining found that the spinal cord tissues in EAE model group had great number of inflammatory cells and evident demyelination changes; the simulation peptide group had less inflammatory cells and no demyelination changes. The four short peptides had an effect of suppressing and delaying the development of EAE,with the average inhibition rate being 43% (P<0.05).Conclusion: The screened CCR5 simulation peptide has evident inhibitory effect against EAE,indicating that CCR5 may play an important role in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) .

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of edaravone on the pain sensitivity in rats with spinal nerve ligated and to probe into the related mechanism.Methods:Male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:a sham(Sham) group,a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) group and edaravone(Eda) group.The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT)was measured before and after ligation (once daily for 7 days).Rats were sacrificed at specified time points and the left(operation side) L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia(DRG) and the right(control side) L5 DRG were obtained and immunostained to observe the changes of pJNK in DRG neurons and spinal cords,so as to observe the effect of edaravone on pJNK.Results:Edaravone can reduce the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by spinal nerve ligation.Immunostaining showed that the SNL group had an increased pJNK in the ipsilateral DRG neurons (L5) 24 hours after ligation; double immunofluorescence indicated that the expression of pJNK in the ipsilateral spinal astrocytes was increased 3 days after ligation.Edaravone can reduce pJNK expression in DRG neurons and spinal cords at corresponding time points.Conclusion:Edaravone can relieve the neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation,and the mechanism might be related to the inhibition of pJNK expression in DRG neurons and spinal cords.

Abstract:Objective:To compare the efficiencies of cisatracurium and rocuronium during tracheal intubation for general anesthesia.Methods:Sixty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing elective surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups in which patients received a single bolus of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg (A group,n=20),cisatracurium 0.1 mg/kg (B group,n=20),or 0.15 mg/kg (C group,n=20).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,etomidate, and fentanyl.Neuromuscular function was assessed using accelerography with TOF.First twitch (T1) was used as the study parameter.Patients received a rapid bolus administration of study drugs within 10 seconds after T1 became stable at 100%; meanwhile,mask oxygen inhalation was offered for 2 min and then intubation was carried out.The systolic pressure,diastolic pressure, and heart rate were recorded at baseline level,before and 1,2,3,4,5,10,and 15 min after intubation.The intubation conditions were assessed.Whether intubation could be carried out successfully or not and T1 25% recovery time after the initial bolus were also recorded.The adverse effects and respiratory complication during operation and after operation were observed.Results:The hemodynamic changes within 15 min after intubation were not significantly different compared with those before induction in 3 groups (P>0.05).Maximal neuromuscular block rates in group A,B, and C were (99.4±2.7)%,(99.1±1.9)%,and (99.9±0.3)%,respectively,with no significant differences found between the three groups (P>0.05); the onset time periods of the 3 groups were (1.9±1.1) min,(3.6±2.1) min,and (3.3±1.5) min,respectively,with that of group A significantly shorter than those of B and C groups (P<0.05); the time periods of clinical effects were (35.7±11.6) min,(35.2±13.0) min,and (50.9±15.1) min,respectively,with that of group A significantly shorter than that of group C (P<0.05) and with no significant difference found between group A and group B (P>0.05).The glottis exposure degree in group A was significantly better than that of B and C groups (P<0.05).The successful rates of initial intubation were similar between the three groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Rocuronium is superior to cisatracurium in induction intubating for general anesthesia in terms of clinical effect time and glottis exposure degree,and it can provide better intubating conditions.

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the effect of subconjunctival injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin) on corneal neovascularization(CNV) in rabbits.Methods: Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group (group A,3 rabbits),neovascularization group (group B,9 rabbits) and Bevacizumab treatment group (group C,36 rabbits).Group C was further divided into group C1 (1 day small dose group) ,C2 (1 day high dose group),C3 (14 days small dose group) and C4 (14 days high dose group),with 9 rabbits each group.CNV model was made by suture in group B and C.Animals in group C were injected subconjunctivally with 0.1 ml or 0.2 ml Bevacizumab(25 mg/ml) in the left eyes.The growth of CNV was observed every day after operation and the neovascularization areas calculated.Expression of VEGF in the cornea was detected by immunohistochemistry on day 7,14 and 28 after suture.VEGF content in the aqueous humor was determined by ELISA assay.Results: CNV growth in group C1 and C2 was inhibited significantly compared with that in group B on day 7,14 and 28 (P<0.01).On day 28 the growth in group C3 and C4 was significantly inhibited compared with that in group B (P<0.01),that in group C1 was significantly inhibited than that in group C3,and that in group C2 was significantly inhibited compared with that in group C4 (P<0.01).VEGF levels in the cornea and aqueous humor in group B increased as time passed by,and they were positively associated with CNV area (P<0.01).On day 7,14,and 28,the VEGF levels in the cornea and aqueous humor in C1 and C2 groups were significantly lower than that in group B (P<0.01).On day 28,those in group C3 and C4 were significantly lower than those in group B (P<0.01);those in group C1 were significantly lower than those in group C3 (P<0.01);and those in group C2 were significantly lower than those in group C4 (P<0.01).The CNV area and VEGF levels in the cornea and aqueou humor were similar between C1 and C2 groups and between C3 and C4 groups.Conclusion: Subconjunctival administration of Bevacizumab can effectively inhibit corneal neovascularization in experimental CNV model,and early administration has a better outcome than late administration.Bevacizumab may exert its effect by down-regulating VEGF in cornea and aqueous humor.

Abstract:1临床资料患者男性,52岁,既往无高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症病史和长期吸烟、猝死家族史。2007年2月晨起或中度体力活动后感胸闷,休息十余分钟可自行缓解; 4月27日在上3层楼后出现心前区疼痛,伴全身出汗,无肩部放射痛、心悸、气促、晕厥,休息后缓解,当地医院急诊心电图示胸前导联V2-V6 ST斜下形压低0.05～0.3 mV,T波正负双向或倒置；5月初患者多次出现心前区疼痛,运动、休息时均出现,程度、持续时间、缓解方式与前相似,于5月4日来我科就诊。入院查体无阳性体征；心电图示窦性心律,无ST-T改变；心脏彩超未见异常。冠脉造影见左冠脉近端痉挛明显,狭窄90%左右，患者有明显胸痛,予冠脉内注入硝酸甘油后缓解；再次造影（图1）见冠脉呈左冠优势型,左前降支中段心肌桥(收缩期狭窄80%),左主干近段、左回旋支开口狭窄40%。

Abstract:Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of Shenfu injection (SFI) against intestinal barrier dysfunction and second hit in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=6),SAP group (n=24),and SAP+SFI group (10 ml/kg body wt,n=24).Sham operation group underwent laparotomy only.SAP model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the bili-pancreatic duct of Wistar rats.SAP+SFI group was given SFI (10 ml/kg) intaperitoneally 2 h before SAP establishment.Rats were sacrificed at 3,6,12 and 24 hours after operation.The samples of pancreas,lung and liver were collected for measuring the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) at 3,6,12,and 24 h after injection of sodium taurocholate.The pathological changes of the terminal ilea were observed under light microscopy,and the blood levels of diamine oxidase (DAO),tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were also measured at different time points.Results:The blood levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and DAO in SAP group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group at all time points (P<0.01).The levels of intrapulmonary,intrapancreatic and intrahepatic MPO in SAP group were significantly than those in the sham operation group at 6,12,and 24 hours (P<0.01).The contents of DAO,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased in SAP+SFI group compared with in SAP group at all time points(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The contents of intrapulmonary,intrapancreatic and intrahepatic MPO were significantly decreased in SAP+SFI group compared with SAP group at 6,12, and 24 h after operation(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Intestinal pathological damages were obviously milder in SAP+SFI group than that in SAP group at 24 h after operation.Conclusion:SFI can protect the small intestine mucosal barrier and other organs from second hit by reducing the polymorphonuclear leucocyte detaining and inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6.

Abstract:Objective:To analyze the multi-mode ultrasound manifestation of male breast cancer,and to discuss its value in clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Methods: The clinical data of 15 male patients with pathologically-confirmed breast cancer were retrospectively reviewed.All the patients were examined by multi-mode ultrasound (including 2D,3D,color Doppler flow imaging \[CDFI\],and intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound \[CEUS\]).The ultrasonic characteristics of the 8 patients were compared with those of 7 patients with hyperplasia.The diagnostic values of the ultrasonic characteristics were summarized.Results: (1) 2D sonogram:6 of 7 cases with ultrasonically diffused masses,which were all initially interpreted as hyperplasia on ultrasound,were confirmed pathologically,with an accurate rate of 86%.All the 8 patients had unilateral focal masses (ipsilateral in 3 of 8).They were all diagnosed as having breast cancer by ultrasound,with hypoechoes and irregular shape.Three of them had micro-calcification.All the 8 patients were confirmed to have breast cancer pathologically,with the accurate rate of ultrasound being 100%.(2) CDFI and CEUS:hyperplasia patients had weak blood flow signal and breast cancer patients all had rich blood flow signal.High frequency CEUS showed that only 3 breast cancer patients had marked micro-vascular enhancement,while low-frequency CEUS showed prominent enhancement in all cancer cases.(3) 3D reconstruction:coronary display of 2 focal masses showed “convergent sign”.Conclusion: Multi-mode ultrasound imaging can provide comprehensive information of male patients with breast disorders; it may facilitate the early detection,early diagnosis and early treatment for male breast cancer.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the optic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO).Methods: Patients with suspected NMO underwent brain,spinal cord and the optic MRI scanning and imaging analysis;41 patients who met the latest diagnosis criteria of NMO were enrolled in the present study and were the followed up.The MRI characteristics of the optic nerves at different stages were analyzed,and 32 healthy volunteers served as control.The results of visual evoked potential (VEP) were analyzed retrospectively to investigate whether there was difference between the positive rate of VEP and MRI findings.Results: MRI imaging showed that the shape of bilateral optic nerves was straight in healthy volunteers,and just a moiety of the optic showed slightly higher signal.In NMO patients,signals of the optic at unilateral or bilateral side were obviously intensified and appeared like railway lines,which was different from healthy volunteers.In acute phase,22 (53.7%) patients were accompanied by optic swelling and/or distortion,31 (76.5%) had enhanced T1WI,and 17 (41.5%) had high-point signal in the optic nerve.In the remission stage,15 (36.6%) had their optic nerves atrophied,thinned or even distorted on unilateral and/or bilateral side.At the end of the study,35 (80.5%) showed high-point signal in the optic nerve.The overall sensitivity of MRI was 94.6%,but in acute phase the sensitivity was just 43.6%,indicating the sensitivity of MRI was time-dependent and was not as sensitive as VEP.Conclusion: MRI can clearly demonstrate the changes at different stages of optic nerve atherosclerosis in NMO patients.MRI may be the first choice for diagnosis of NMO.

Abstract:Objective:To compare the efficacy and adverse reactions between gemcitabine+cisplatin regimen and fluorouracil+cisplatin regimen in the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods:The Cochrane Library,MEDLINE,EMbase,CBM and CNKI were searched for related articles published before 2009.Manual searching and additional searching were also performed.The quality of each included studies was evaluated by 2 independent oncologists and analyses of homogeneous property of the studies were done by RevMan 5.0 software.Results:Four studies were enrolled in our study,including 283 patients with NPC.Meta-analyses showed that the 1-year- and 3-year-survival rates of gemcitabine+cisplatin regimen were similar to those of fluorouracil+cisplatin regimen (Z=0.89,P=0.37),(Z=1.70,P=0.09),but gemcitabine+cisplatin regimen had significantly higher remission rate (Z=2.34,P=0.02) and slighter myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reactions (Z=2.47,P=0.01),(Z=3.20,P=0.001),(Z=2.19,P=0.03).Conclusion:Gemcitabine+cisplatin regimen has equivalent efficacy and slighter adverse effects compared with fluorouracil+cisplatin regimen in treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective:To study the clinical features,image findings,therapeutic strategies,and prognosis of adult and juvenile patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA).Methods: The clinical data of 125 patients with TA were retrospectively studied.Results: There were 108 female and 17 male patients.The mean age of onset was (26.9±11.0) years and 31 patients were younger than 18 years at onset.Constitutional symptoms,pulse deficit,and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were present in 38.4%,71.2%,and 49.6% of patients,respectively.Compared with adult patients,the incidences of constitutional symptoms,pulse deficit and elevated ESR were lower in juveniles(P<0.05).Angiographic findings showed that Type Ⅰ(40%),Type Ⅳ(20.8%) and Type Ⅴ(30.4%) were common,and Type Ⅱa (4.8%),Type Ⅱb (1.6%) and Type Ⅲ(2.4%) were seldom seen.Type Ⅰ was more frequently seen in adult patients than in juveniles(P<0.05).Biopsy findings of 12 patients with quiescent disease showed active lesions in 7 patients.Eighty patients were followed up for a median duration of 36 months.Glucocorticoid was prescribed to 58 patients; cytotoxic agents were required for 16 of them; and remission was achieved in 57 patients.Bypass and endovascular interventional procedures were performed in 36 and 21 patients,respectively.Restenosis occurred in 34.7% of bypass procedures and 77.3% of endovascular interventional procedures.Conclusion: Diminished pulse is rarely seen in juvenile TA patients than in adults.Active vascular disorders may exist in patients with stable clinical manifestations.The incidence of restenosis is higher in endovascular interventional procedures than in bypass procedures.

Abstract:Objective:To study the chemical constituents of Polygonum capitatum. Methods:Isolation and purification of the chemical constituents were carried out repeatedly by silica gel column and Sephadex gel column chromatography. The structures of compounds were identified by physical-chemical methods and spectral data. Results:Fourteen compounds were identified from the petroleum ether fraction of P. capitatum:tricosanol (Ⅰ),pentacosanol (Ⅱ),docosanoic acid (Ⅲ),lignoceric acid (Ⅳ),hexadecanoic-2,3-dihydroxy-propyleste (Ⅴ),docosanoic-2,3-dihydroxypropyleste (Ⅵ),oleanolic acid (Ⅶ),ursolic acid (Ⅷ),octacosa-1,27-diene (Ⅸ),docosyl ferulate (Ⅹ),β-sitosterol (Ⅺ),tricosane (Ⅻ),hexadecanoic acid (),and linoleic acid (). Conclusion:Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅹ are obtained from P. capitatum for the first time. Compounds Ⅸ and Ⅹare obtained from Polygonum for the first time.

Abstract:Objective:To rapidly identify the chemical components in a traditional Chinese herb Xiaochaihu decoction by high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF/MS).Methods:An Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (100 mm×3.0 mm,3.5 μm) was used for rapid separation and identification of chemical components in Xiaochaihu decoction,with a mobile phase of methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solvent in gradient elution.The flow rate was 0.6 ml/min and the injection volume was 4 μl.The detector was time-of-flight mass spectrometer with an ESI ion source.Scanning mass range was m/z 200-1 500.Results:Thirty-eight chemical compounds were identified from Xiaochaihu decoction in one run.Conclusion:Thirty-eight chemical compounds have been identified in Xiaochaihu decoction by HPLC-TOF/MS in one run,which paves a way for further understanding the metabolism and mechanism of the chemical compounds in Xiaochaihu decoction.

Abstract:Objective:To explore the influence of hydroxyethyl starch(HES) 130/0.4 on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and the possible mechanism.Methods: Twenty-four SD rats were evenly randomized into four groups(n=6):the sham operation group,the I/R(IR) group,albumin + I/R(A-IR) group,and HES+I/R(H-IR) group; rats in the latter three groups were made into I/R models and were treated respectively with 7.5 ml/kg saline,5% albumin and HES 130/0.4 through femoral vein at 25 min of ischemia.At 180 min of reperfusion,animals were sacrificed and the pathological changes of myocardium were observed.Serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β and the myocardial NF-κB activity were also measured.Results: Histological examination showed that the injury in H-IR group was ameliorated compared with those in IR and A-IR groups.NF-κB activity and TNF-α ,IL-1β concentrations in the sham operation group were significantly lower than those of the other 3 groups (P<0.05); and the increases of the above parameters in H-IR group were smaller than those of the IR and A-IR groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: HES 130/0.4 can improve myocardial function and attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury,and the mechanism might be related to the inhibition of myocardial NF-κB activity and reduction of proinflammatory factors.

Abstract:The netrin family is known as classical axon guidance factors.Recent studies suggested the wide existence of netrins in non-nerve tissues,indicating a more complicated role for netrin family than previously known.The dual role of netrin-1 in promoting and inhibiting vasculariztion is undoubtedly the most attractive research area.Though the specific role of netrin-1 in vascularization is not determined,it casts new lights on the close link between the nervous system and vascular system,and it also provides new thoughts on the treatment of cardiac and cerebral ischemia disorders,diabetes-induced vascular and nervous disorders,and on inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.This paper reviews the possible dual role of netrin-1 in vascularization and its potential significance.

Abstract:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small proportion of tumor cells with the property of stem cells in the tumor tissue; they are capable of self-renewal,multi-lineage differentiation and serve as the source of tumor cells and tumor tissues.The discovery of multiple myeloma CSCs and the study on its relationship with side population cells and niche provide a new interpretation on the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.

Abstract:Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels are widely distributed in many tissues and play important roles in physiological processes such as maintaining K+ homeostasis,regulating cell excitability and insulin secretion.The activity of Kir channels is regulated by a number of modulators,such as K+,Mg2+,pH,ATP,GPCR,PIP2,PKA,PKC,AA(arachidonic acid),etc.Study of the regulating mechanisms of Kir channel is a key step in understanding the physiology and physiopathology of these channels.Because many extra molecular signals regulate Kir channels via PKC pathway,much effort has been made over the past decade to understand role of PKC in regulating Kir channels.This paper summarizes the molecular basis of PKC modulation of Kir channels and the recent progression on the area.

Abstract:Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is defined as a clinicopathological entity of different etiologies and pathogeneses. The clinical manifestations include proteinuria,usually of nephritic range,and are associated with lesions of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and foot process effacement. The Columbia classification of FSGS based on light microscopic assessment includes five subtypes:collapsing variant,tip variant,cellular variant,perihilar variant,and not otherwise specified. Columbia classification emphasizes the association of clinical with pathologic characteristics. However,both the physiopathology of FSGS and morphogenesis underlying the five morphologic variants are not fully described in Columbia classification. Over the past few years,significant progress has been made in the pathogenesis of FSGS and morphogenesis of diverse variants of FSGS. This review recapitulates recent important advances in the pathogenesis of FSGS and morphogenesis basis underlying the pathological variants of FSGS.

Abstract:目的:构建针对人β-catenin基因mRNA的shRNA真核表达载体,并转染HEK-293细胞,观察其对β-catenin的抑制效应。方法:化学合成用于产生针对β-catenin shRNA的对应DNA片段,将合成的寡核苷酸链退火形成双链,克隆入pSUPER真核表达载体,对重组质粒进行酶切分析和测序鉴定,筛选阳性克隆。通过脂质体介导,把重组质粒转染HEK-293细胞,RT-PCR、蛋白质印迹法检测其对β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的干涉效果,MTT比色法检测β-catenin基因表达抑制的细胞和对照组细胞的增殖。结果:RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测结果显示转染组β-catenin基因的表达水平下调,MTT检测显示β-catenin表达抑制的细胞光密度值下降,细胞增殖受到了抑制（P<0.01）。结论:成功构建了针对人β-catenin基因的shRNA载体,转染HEK-293细胞后可抑制β-catenin基因的表达。

Abstract:目的:探讨主动脉夹层致猝死的临床病理特点、发病机制及危险因素,提高其早期诊断及防治水平,降低病死率。方法:对2002-2007年7例主动脉夹层猝死病例进行临床尸检病理分析,总结其临床病理特点,分析发病机制及危险因素。结果:7例主动脉夹层猝死患者50岁以上4例,40岁以下3例,年龄30～71岁,平均（50.5±15）岁；多有主动脉粥样硬化和（或）高血压病史；临床表现最初大多为非心血管疾病症状。结论:主动脉夹层致病因素复杂,起病隐匿,常导致猝死；伴有长期高血压病、主动脉粥样硬化等高危人群出现突发性胸痛或休克表现时应警惕该病的发生并进行早期干预处理,降低患者病死率。

Abstract:目的:探讨肾癌组织Notch 1、HIF-1α的表达及意义。方法:应用组织芯片、免疫组化染色法比较肾癌(n=60)及正常肾组织(n=30)中Notch 1、HIF-1α蛋白的表达差异,分析二者表达与肿瘤临床分期的相关性。结果:肾癌组织Notch 1、HIF-1α阳性表达率高于正常肾组织(40.0％ vs 13.3％,58.3％ vs 0％,P<0.05)；TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期肾癌组织Notch 1、HIF-1α阳性表达率高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期(27.5％ vs 65.0％,45.0％ vs 85.0％,P<0.05)。结论:肾癌组织中Notch 1、HIF-1α表达均高于正常肾组织,且与肿瘤临床分期有关,二者对判断临床预后可能具有一定价值。

Abstract:目的:评价加巴喷丁在全麻前和全麻中的效应及对患者术后疼痛的影响。 方法:40例 ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级行择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组20例。实验组在术前2 h口服加巴喷丁300 mg,对照组口服安慰剂。进入手术室后评价患者的焦虑程度并记录。记录全麻诱导后及气管插管后即刻，1、2、5 min的血压和心率。术后使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）在术后2、6、12、18及24 h时间点评价患者静息状态下的疼痛程度并记录。采用Ramsay镇静评分评价患者的镇静情况。记录术后恶心呕吐、眩晕、呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生情况。 结果:与对照组比较,实验组患者在术前的焦虑度评分更低,气管插管后的血压、心率变化更小，术后疼痛VAS评分明显降低，术后恶心呕吐的发生率更低；眩晕、呼吸抑制的发生率和术后镇静评分在2组相似。结论:在腹腔镜胆囊切除术前口服300 mg加巴喷丁,可缓解患者的术前焦虑,降低喉镜操作和气管插管的反应,缓解术后疼痛和降低术后恶心呕吐的发生率,而且不会产生明显的不良反应。

Abstract:目的:评价国产封堵器介入治疗合并重度肺动脉高压的成人动脉导管未闭(PDA)的安全性和长期疗效。方法:应用国产PDA封堵器对31例合并重度肺动脉高压的成年PDA患者行封堵治疗,所有患者在术前、术后1 d进行详细体检并行12导联心电图(ECG)、X线胸片和经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查,术后进行定期随访。结果:31例患者中成功封堵26例,5例试封堵后证实肺动脉高压为阻力型而收回封堵器。26例成功封堵患者中,PDA直径(12.11±4.12) mm,所选封堵器直径(17.54±4.28) mm。封堵后即刻肺动脉收缩压由(101.92±24.86) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(64.96±26.33) mmHg,肺动脉平均压由(75.54±16.16) mmHg降至(44.88±19.30) mmHg。少量残余分流3例,微量穿隔血流1例。术后平均随访(39±17.4)个月,心功能明显改善(2.62±0.64 vs 1.92±0.39),复查X线胸片示心胸比有所缩小;TTE改变主要是左心和主肺动脉直径缩小及射血分数提高,2例仍存在少量残余分流。结论:应用国产封堵器治疗合并重度肺动脉高压的成人PDA安全有效,但必须严格掌握手术适应证。

Abstract:目的:观察前列腺癌细胞株中EphA1基因表达及甲基化情况,探讨DNA甲基化酶抑制剂对其表达及甲基化的影响。方法:采用实时定量RT-PCR法检测雄激素依赖性、非依赖性前列腺癌细胞系LNCaP、PC-3中EphA1基因表达情况；用DNA甲基化酶抑制剂5-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷(5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine,5-Aza-dC)处理细胞,实时定量RT-PCR法观察处理后EphA1基因表达的变化。亚硫酸氢钠处理后,采用DNA测序法对前列腺癌细胞EphA1基因进行甲基化状态分析。结果:LNCaP、PC-3细胞中EphA1基因表达低下；5-Aza-dC作用后,LNCaP细胞EphA1基因无明显变化,而PC-3细胞中EphA1基因表达显著恢复(P<0.001)。PC-3细胞中EphA1基因启动子区存在高甲基化,而LNCaP细胞该区域较少发生甲基化。结论:启动子甲基化可能是导致雄激素非依赖性PC-3细胞EphA1基因表达下调的重要机制。

Abstract:上消化道出血(upper gastrointestinal bleeding,UGB)是临床多发病,也是多种疾病的常见并发症。尽早明确病因并及时对因治疗是提高疗效、减少再出血、降低病死率的关键。文献报道UGB病因较多,不同地区主要出血病因不尽相同。沂蒙山区地域偏僻、经济不发达且交通不便,关于该地区UGB主要病因及其近年来的变化趋势尚未见报道。本研究就1998年1月-2007年12月10年间沂蒙山区3家县级医院收治的2 135例UGB住院患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨该地区UGB病因及其变化趋势特点,为今后UGB治疗提供启示。

Abstract:锁骨骨折在临床上较为常见,占全身骨折的6%左右\[1\] 。一般将锁骨发生粉碎性骨折、骨缺损、术后再骨折、骨不连等较难实现功能复位及骨愈合的骨折称为难治性骨折,其治疗均以植骨内固定为主。这类骨折行切开复位内固定术后常因软组织嵌入、断端血供不足等多种复杂因素造成骨不连和骨缺损,导致治疗困难。此外由于锁骨存在两个生理弯曲,其手术难度较大。我科根据天鹅记忆接骨器（swanlike memorycompressive connector,SMC）治疗四肢长骨骨干骨不连的经验\[2\],配合加垫式、夹板式和播种式新型组合式植骨方法,共治疗锁骨难治性骨折9例,全部病例均一次手术治愈,效果满意,现总结报告如下。

Abstract:1.1一般资料患者，男，18岁。在外院行右侧胸壁原发性骨肉瘤切除术后2年（术后接受8个疗程化疗和1个疗程放射治疗）；本次入院前1年内2次出现局部复发，分别于1年前和6个月前在外院行复发肿瘤切除；2个月前在前手术部位再次出现软组织肿块。入院后，患者一般情况良好，右前外侧胸壁可见3条前次手术瘢痕，腋前线第4、5肋间水平可见胸壁软组织包块（图1A），累及皮肤面积约3 cm×4 cm，有轻压痛。胸部X线及CT片可见：右前外侧胸壁软组织肿块，约5 cm×6 cm×4 cm；溶骨和成骨现象混合出现；第4、5、6前肋缺失（前次手术切除）；左下肺单发圆形结节，直径约2 cm（图1B）。腹部B超、核素骨扫描、心电图、肺功能检查未见异常。术前诊断为原发性胸壁骨肉瘤局部复发伴左下肺转移。

Abstract:1临床资料患者,男,68岁,因“右腹股沟包块1年余,进行增长大伴右下肢疼痛半年”于2007年7月7日入住我院骨科。入院时查体:生命体征平稳,双侧腹股沟区可扪及数枚肿大淋巴结,呈串珠样排列；右侧腹股沟内侧扪及一约13 cm×11 cm大小包块,质中、不活动、边界不清、无压痛、皮温不高。院外CT检查示:右侧髋臼、耻骨梳部骨质破坏吸收,邻近软组织影明显肿胀；活检提示:梭形细胞瘤。入院后MRI检查示:右侧髋臼及右耻骨上支骨质破坏,并有一约10 cm×6 cm×7 cm大小软组织肿块形成,考虑骨转移性肿瘤可能。2007年7月12日在持续性硬膜外麻醉下行肿瘤切除术,术中见肿瘤呈外生性生长,探查发现外露肿瘤约10 cm×6 cm×4 cm,与耻骨、坐骨相连；外膜表面有数个直径约3 mm扩张的静脉支分布；切开肿瘤包膜,内为白色质韧实质组织,实质组织与包膜之间无明显界限,中间有液化或坏死组织。考虑肿瘤浸及较广泛,血供丰富,手术切除困难,遂切取2块肿瘤组织送活检。术后病理:右腹股沟多形性透明变性血管扩张性肿瘤(图1A)；免疫组化染色示:波形蛋白(vimentin)(+)(图1B),CD34(+),S-100蛋白、结蛋白(desmin)、EMA 、NSE均为阴性。2007年7月21日转入我科行放射治疗,给予6 MeV X线,SAD照射。射野:14 cm×18 cm；照射方式:连续常规分割。放疗过程中患者右下肢疼痛逐步减轻,右腹股沟包块进行性缩小；照射剂量达20 Gy 时患者右下肢疼痛消失,右腹股沟区包块为5.5 cm×4 cm×3 cm。2007年8月7日进行缩野照射,射野:12 cm×14 cm,其余同前。照射剂量共40 Gy,放疗于2007年8月19日结束,查体右腹股沟包块明显缩小为5 cm×4 cm×3 cm,遂转入骨科行肿瘤切除术。手术顺利,肿瘤被完整切除,随访1年无复发及远处转移。