Abstract:Objective:To investigate the culture method for adult olfactory epithelium neural stem cells and their multipotency during in vitro differentiation.Methods: Olfactory epithelium was sequentially digested with neutral protease and collagenase ⅠA,then the olfactory epithelium neural stem cells were enriched and amplified.Neurospheres were formed by culturing the cells with serum free medium containing bFGF and EGF.Differentiation of neurospheres was induced with medium containing serum; the differentiated cells were identified by immunocytochemistry.Results: Primary cultured olfactory epithelium neural stem cells proliferated and formed colonies.Cells in the colonies expressed the in vivo markers GBC2 and cytokeratin 5.Passaged cells proliferated and formed neurospheres when cultured with serum free medium containing bFGF and EGF.Medium containing serum induced the differentiation of neurospheres.TUJ1 positive neurons,P75NGFR positive olfactory ensheathing cells,GFAP positive astrocytes and NG2 positive oligodendrocyte progenitors were detected in the highly heterogeneous differentiated cells; besides,the cells also contained nestin positive neural stem cells.Conclusion: Cultured adult olfactory epithelium neural stem cells can proliferate and form neurospheres.The neurosphere cells have the multipotency to differentiate into neurons,astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitors.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the role of SDF1/CXCR4 in metastasis of renal cell carcinoma and to observe the intracellular location of different CXCR4 segments in renal carcinoma cells.Methods: The potential nuclear localization sequences of different CXCR4 were discovered by nuclear localization software and experiments.Full length and truncated forms of CXCR4 were fused with green fluorescent protein pEGFPN1 and their influence on subcellular localization was examined by confocal microscopy after transfecting them into renal carcinoma cell line A498.Results: Analysis with PSORT Ⅱ Prediction revealed that the nuclear localization sequence region of CXCR4 was located between amino acids 146 and 149(RPRK).Expression products of the recombinant plasmids with SDF1 stimulation,including EGFPCXCR4(1510 bp),EGFPCXCR4(1765 bp) and wildtype EGFPCXCR4,were mainly located in the cell nuclei.However,expression product of EGFPCXCR4(1267 bp) with SDF1 stimulation was mainly located in the renal cell cytoplasm.Expression product of wildtype EGFPCXCR4 full length plasmid without SDF1 stimulation was mainly located in the cell cytoplasm; these results accorded with the results of bioinformatics analysis.Conclusion: Nuclear localization sequence of CXCR4 is located in the amino acids 90 to 170,which provides a theoretical basis for further clarifying the nuclear localization sequences of CXCR4 in renal cell carcinoma cells and for finding new potential target for inhibiting the metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

Abstract:Objective:To construct an adenovirus vector harboring the human RANTES gene regulated by oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) and to observe its chemoattractant activity in vitro.Methods: The human RANTES gene was fused with ODD by PCR and the recombinant adenovirus was used to construct SG511-CCL5-ODD with the Gateway System.Viral replication experiments were performed to evaluate the selective replication ability of SG511-CCL5-ODD.The expression of RANTES protein was determined by ELISA under normal and hypoxia condition.Chemotactic test was used to analyze the chemoattractant ability of the expressed RANTES in liver cancer cells.Results: A recombinant adenovirus SG511-CCL5-ODD was constructed successfully.Cells infected with the recombinant virus expressed RANTES selectively.The expression of RANTES protein in the transfected liver cancer cells was higher under hypoxia condition than under normal condition (P<0.05),indicating ODD can effectively regulate RANTES protein expression.Chemotactic test showed that liver cancer cell infected with SG511-CCL5-ODD had the ability to recruit NK92 cells.Conclusion: Recombinant vector SG511-CCL5-ODD can effectively infect liver cancer cell line HepG2 and Hep3B,and can express RANTES protein under the regulation of ODD,demonstrating a chemoattractant activity in vitro.

Abstract:Objective:To establish a human hepatic cancer cell line HepG2 with stable,simultaneous knockdown of three nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitors (IκBα,IκBβ,and IκBε)by RNA interference using pcDNATM6.2-miR-IκBα-IκBβ-IκBε co-targeting IκBα,IκBβ,and IκBε genes,so as to lay a foundation for future study.Methods: We designed and constructed three interfering plasmids pcDNATM6.2-miR-IκBα(1,2,3)targeting human IκBα gene; the three vectors were transfected into HepG2 cells separately and the most effective interfering fragment was identified by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. Similarly,we also constructed and selected the most effective interfering vectors targeting IκBβ and IκBε. Then we chained the three most effective interfering fragments (miR-IκBα,miR-IκBβ,and miR-IκBε) into pcDNATM6.2-miR vector to construct pcDNATM6.2-miR-IκBα-IκBβ-IκBε vector,which was used to transfect HepG2 cells and the transfectants were selected by G418.The expression of IκBα,IκBβ,and IκBε in the transfectants was examined by Western blotting analysis.Results: We successfully constructed the pcDNATM6.2-miR-IκBα-IκBβ-IκBε vector. Western blotting analysis showed that,compared with the normal HepG2 cells and those transfected with pcDNATM6.2-miR-Neg vector,the protein expression of IκBα,IκBβ,and IκBε was stably down-regulated in cells transfected with pcDNATM6.2-miR-IκBα-IκBβ-IκBε vector.Conclusion: We have successfully established a HepG2 cell line with simultaneous knockdown of IκBα,IκBβ,and IκBε,paving a way for future study.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the expression of NR4A2(Nurr1) and its splicing variants in gastric cancer,and to evaluate their potential association with the pathogenesis and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.Methods: Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) was used to predict the possible splicing variants of NR4A2; they were identified by gene sequencing technique and their expression was detected by semi-quantitative PCR.The mRNA expression of NR4A2 and its splicing variants in tumor and the corresponding adjacent-tumor tissues (n=41) were determined by real-time PCR.Meanwhile,immunohistochemisty was employed to examine the protein levels of NR4A2 in the tumor tissues (n=28).Results: The expression of NR4A2 mRNA was observed in the primary tumor tissues,adjacent tumor tissues, and metastatic tissues.Two splicing variants of NR4A2 were discovered:NR4A2-Ⅰ and NR4A2-Ⅱ.The mRNA expression of NR4A2, NR4A2-Ⅰ,and NR4A2-Ⅱ in the adjacent-tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in the primary tumor tissue (P=0.017,P=0.007,and P=0.004),and that in the hepatic metastatic tissue was significantly lower than that in the primary tumor tissue (P=0.001,P=0.018,P=0.016).Meanwhile,immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rate of NR4A2 protein was higher in adjacent-tumor tissue than that in both tumor tissues and metastatic tissues,but with no significant differences.Conclusion: At least there are 2 splicing variants of NR4A2 in the gastric tumor,adjacent-tumor,and metastatic tissues; NR4A2 and the novel splicing variants may contribute to the pathogenesis and metastasis of gastric malignancy.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of melatonin(Mel) on hormone secretion and tissue ultrastructure of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis(HPTA) in rats.Methods: A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were evenly randomized into four groups: control, low-dose Mel(0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1),middle-dose Mel(10 mg·kg-1·d-1),and high-dose Mel(50 mg·kg-1·d-1 ) group.The rats in the latter 3 groups received intraperitoneal injection of different doses of Mel daily.At 1st,2nd and 3rd weeks after treatment,rats were sacrificed and blood serum samples,hypothalamus,pituitary and thyroid tissues were obtained.Serum T3,T4,FT3,FT4 and TSH levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA).Expression of proTRH mRNA in hypothalamus tissues were detected by real time RT-PCR.The ultrastructures of hypothalamus,pituitary and thyroid were observed under transmission electronic microscope.Results: The serum levels of T4,FT3,FT4 and TSH in the middle-dose and high-dose Mel groups were significantly decreased compared with those in the control and low-dose Mel group at 1st ,2nd and 3rd weeks(P<0.01).T4 levels decreased in the middle-dose and high-dose Mel groups at a weekly basis,with significant difference found between different weeks (P<0.01).TSH level was deceased at the 2nd week, and that at the 3rd week was significantly lower than those at the first two weeks (P<0.01).The expression of proTRH mRNA was lower in high-dose Mel group compared to that in the control group at 1st ,2nd and 3rd weeks.With the prolongation of Mel treatment,expression of proTRH mRNA had a decreasing tendency first and an increasing tendency later.No obvious pathological ultrastructure changes were found in the hypothalamus,pituitary and thyroid tissues.Conclusion: Melatonin may inhibit Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid axis in a time- and dose-dependent manner in rats.

Abstract:Objective:To compare the lung injuries caused by drowning with equal volume of seawater and freshwater in rabbits．Methods: Twenty-four healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated to three groups (n=8)：control group(CG), seawater-drowning group (infused with seawater, 2 ml/kg ) and freshwater-drowning group (infused with freshwater, 2 ml/kg)．All rabbits were observed for 3 hours for breathing frequency, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood gas analysis and levels of TNF-α and IL-6．Pulmonary histopathology，ratio of wet/dry lung weight and permeation index of pulmonary capillary were recorded after the animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment．Results: After infusion of seawater or freshwater, the respiration rates, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the MAP was decreased (P<0.01), leading to hypoxemia and hypocapnia. Lung injuries were noticed in both seawater-drowning group and freshwater-drowning groups, with those in the former more persistent. The wet/dry ratio and permeation index of lung capillary were significantly increased after infusion in the seawater group compared with those in the other two groups (P<0.05). The cell number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was significantly larger in the seawater-drowning group compared with that in the control group (P<0.01), and the lung injury was more severe than that in the freshwater group.Conclusion: Seawater infusion can lead to more serious and persistent lung injury in rabbits compared with equal volume of freshwater．

Abstract:Objective:To observe the morphological changes of cold-stored rat kidneys flushed with multi-organ preservation solution containing ketamine.Methods: The kidneys of male SD rats were retrogradely perfused with 0-4℃ HC-A (50-100 ml) only or together with ketamine (10-5μmol/L), and were then isolated, cold stored for 24,48,and 72 h.The morphological changes of the kidneys in both groups were observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results: Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that there were evident morphological changes in the ketamine group after 72 h,with necrotic cells and organelles, and severe renal interstitial edema.The above changes in the HC-2 group were slighter.Conclusion: Ketamine in the organ preservation solution is harmful for the cold storage of rat kidneys.

Abstract:Objective:To study the effect of spironolactone,an aldosterone receptor antagonist(ARA),on neuroendocrine of SD rats with dilated cardiomyopathy,so as to investigate its mechanism in treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods: Male SD rats,weighting (300±50) g,were intraperitoneally injected with adriamycin (2 mg/kg) once a week for 8 weeks to induce dilated cardiomyopathy models.The rat models were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group,low dose spironolactone group (10 mg/\[kg·d\],i.g.\],middle dose spironolactone group (20 mg/\[kg·d\],i.g.) and high dose spironolactone group (40 mg/\[kg·d\],i.g.).Rats in the normal control group received normal saline (10 mg/\[kg·d\],i.g.).Spironolactone was given for 8 weeks.Angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) and aldosterone (ALD) levels in the plasma and cardiac muscle homogenate were determined 9 weeks later.The plasma nitrogen monoside (NO),N-terminal popeptide of collagen type Ⅲ (PⅢNP) in serum and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the plasma were also measured.Results: Eight weeks after treatment,the Ang Ⅱ levels in the plasma of animals in the middle dose group and high dose group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the levels of ALD were elevated(P<0.05),those of PⅢNP and ANP were decreased(all P<0.05).Conclusion: Spironolactone at 20 mg/(kg·d) or 40 mg/(kg·d) for 8 weeks can correct the disorder in neuroendocrine system to some extents.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the manifestations of magnetic resonance cholangiopanceatography (MRCP) and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for pancreaticobiliary duct lesions. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with pancreaticobiliary duct lesions,which were confirmed by pathology and comprehensive imaging,were examined by 3D-MRCP volume scanning with thin slice reconstruction,2D-MRCP projective scanning and conventional MRI. The MRCP and MRI manifestations of different lesions were analyzed and their diagnostic values were discussed. Results: Calculus of bile duct and pancreatic duct was found in 28 patients,chronic pancreatitis in 9,pancreatic cancer in 9,carcinomas of bile duct in 5,metastases to lymph nodes of porta hepatic in 2,congenital choledochus dilatation,cholecystectomy,pancreas divisum,post liver transplantation,and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of pancreatic duct all in 1. The manifestations of 3D-MRCP volume scanning with thin slice reconstruction,2D-MRCP projective scanning and conventional MRI for pancreaticobiliary duct lesions were different and had their own characteristics. Conclusion: The combinations of 3D-MRCP volume scanning with thin slice reconstruction,2D-MRCP projective scanning and conventional MRI can help to locate and diagnose pancreaticobiliary duct lesions.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in evaluating prognoses of patients with hyperacute cerebral infarction after thrombolysis.Methods: A total of 112 patients with hyperacute cerebral infarction underwent MR examination (including routine MR and DWI) before thrombolysis.Forty-six patients met the standard of thrombolysis and were treated with rt-PA.Control group included 48 patients who did not meet the thrombolysis standard and were treated routinely.The other 3 patients had a poor MRI quality due to metal denture or other fillers.Fifteen patients had the onset of TIA and received conservative treatment.The measurements included the infarction volume,location,margin and ADC value of the progression area.Correlation analysis was conducted between the above parameters and the related parameters after thrombolysis to assess their roles in evaluating of patients prognoses.Results: There was no significant difference in the ADC values of different areas of DWI between the control group and thrombolysis group (P=0.07,0.46,0.71,and 0.34).Significant correlation was found between the infarction volume with the NIHSS score,length of hospital stay,mRS,and intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)(P=0.009,0.034,0.048,and 0.015,respectivley).The larger the volume of infarction was,the higher the NIHSS score and the more the possibility of ICH.Conclusion: The determination of cerebral infarction area by DWI may help to evaluate the prognoses of patients with hyperacute cerebral infarction after thrombolysis; the ADC value only play a little role for the evaluation.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the echocardiography characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD),and to discuss the diagnostic value of their echocardiography for CHD.Methods:From Jan.2002 to Dec.2006, a total of 276 patients with suspected CHD were examined by echocardiography; 190 patients also underwent coronary arteriography (CA) and 85 of them served as controls.The consistence between echocardiography results and CA results was analyzed.The abnormal echocardiography manifestations of the rest 105 patients were analyzed based on the stenoses and occlusion degrees revealed by CA.Results:The diagnostic consistent rate of routine echocardiographic examination was 90.6% compared with that of CA.The false positive and negative rates were both 4.7%.The echocardiographic features of CHD included the reduction of left ventricular diastolic function (74.4%),the left ventricle enlargement (23.2%),the left atrium enlargement (16.3%),and the reduction of left ventricular systolic function (9.3%).The echocardiographic features of coronary artery stenosis and occlusion included the reduction of left ventricular diastolic function (92.3%),the left ventricle enlargement (9.5%),the reduction of left ventricular systolic function (8.57%),and the reduction of E/A ratio.More diseased branches was associated with lower E/A ratio.The E/A ratios of patients with 1,2,3 and 4 diseased branches were 0.78,0.66,0.64 and 0.61,respectively; the difference of E/A ratios of different groups was significantly different (P<0.05).Conclusion:Routine echocardiographic examination has a high consistent rate with CA in diagnosis of CHD,and it is suitable for popularizing in grass-root hospitals.Reduction of left ventricular diastolic function is the main echocardiographic feature of CHD,and more attention should be paid on related parameters,but the influence of arrhythmia and other factors should be ruled out.

Abstract:Objective:To observe the gingival color of healthy Han nationality in Shanghai,so as to discuss the gingival color distribution and its influencing factors.Methods: The Chroma Meter CR-321 was used to obtain the CIE-1976-L*a*b* value in predefined testing spots of gingiva in healthy Han nationality in Shanghai.The gingival color distribution and the influences of age,sex on the gingival color were summarized.Results: We found that the L* values of attached gingiva of the median line(P=0.006 1),free gingiva of central incisor(P=0.032 4),attached gingiva in the root of central incisor (P=0.029 7),and distal incisor attached gingiva (P=0.032 4) in the female were significantly higher than those in the male; the a* b* values in attached gingiva of median line (P=0.008 3,P=0.002 0) were significantly higher than those in male; and the other a* ,b* values were similar between the males and females.The color difference ΔE between free gingiva and attached gingiva was > 2 (P<0.01) .ΔL*2 had the greatest influence on ΔE,with the standardized regression coefficient being b’=0.882 16,followed by Δa*2 and Δb*2 in order,with b’ being 0.230 97 and 0.066 32,respectively.L*,a*,and b* values had no obvious relation to age.Conclusion: It is indicated that sex and age have little influence on the color of gingiva in Han nationality in Shanghai.Obvious color difference exists between the free gingiva and the attatched gingiva.

Abstract:Objective:To study the clinical features and prognostic factors of bone metastases of non-small-cell lung cancer.Methods: The clinical data of 174 patients with bone metastases of non-small-cell lung cancer,who were treated in our hospital during April 1999 to June 2006,were retrospectively analyzed.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the 1- and 2-year survival rates of patients.Log-rank test was used to screen the factors influencing the survival of patients and Cox regression was used to further confirm the independent factors.Results: The predilection sites of bone metastases of non-small-cell lung cancer were chest (38.1%),spine (32.8%),pelvis (16.3%),extremities (8.7%),and skull (4.1%),with the ribs (30.7%),lumber vertebrae (17.3%),and thoracic vertebra (13.1%) ranking the top three.The median survival time of the 174 patients was 10.73 months; Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 47.1% and 17.8%,respectively.It was also showed that the PS Score,bone pain,asymptomatic bone metastases,solitary bone metastasis,serum AKP,LDH,and CEA were associated with the prognosis of patients (P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that PS score,solitary bone metastasis and single bone metastasis were the independent factors of prognosis.Conclusion: The predilection sites of bone metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer include chest part (ribs),spine (lumber/thoracic vertebrae),pelvis (ilium),etc.PS score,asymptomatic bone metastases,and solitary bone metastasis have great influence on the prognoses of patients.

Abstract:Objective:To search for effective volatile oil of Chinese crude drug for killing demodex in vitro.Methods: The demodex mites were collected by adhesive cellophane tape technique.The killing effects of different volatile oils against Df and Db were observed by microscope.Normal saline and Xinfu Manling Ointment were used as negative and positive controls,respectively.Skin irritation tests for normal and wounded skin and acute toxicity test were carried out using rabbit skin.Results: The volatile oils of 6 Chinese crude drugs,including clore,orange fruit,manchurian wildginger,cinnamon bark,rhizoma alpinae,and pricklyash peel,were highly potent in killing Df and Db in vitro; and the volatile oil of clore and manchurian wildginger had a better killing effect against Df than Db(P<0.05).The scores for irritation to normal and wounded rabbit skin were 0.2 and 0.3,respectively,and acute toxicity test showed no obvious toxicity.Conclusion: The volatile oils of the 6 mentioned Chinese crude drugs have satisfactory anti-mite activities in vitro.The volatile oil of clore shows a remarkable activity against demodex in vitro,with good skin safety.

Abstract:1病例资料患者,男性,52岁,因“发现头枕部肿物10个月,术后7个月余,肝转移3个月”为主诉来我院复诊。2008年2月发现右侧一头皮肿物,椭圆形,突出于皮肤表面,与周围组织界限不清,质硬,活动度差,轻度压痛。因肿物进行性增大,中央表面溃破,同年5月取头枕部破溃部周围组织活检,提示恶性肿瘤,血常规、头颅及胸腹联合CT未见异常。随后行局部肿物手术切除,肿块大小为3 cm×3 cm×4 cm,周围组织无明显异常,组织病理镜检显示肿瘤呈浸润性生长,肿瘤细胞排列成条索状或小巢状,与周围组织分界较清楚,病理诊断为大汗腺癌。术后放疗,总量45 Gy。之后每2个月复查头颅及胸腹联合CT未见异常。2008年9月在我院复查肝脏CT发现肝转移,头颅MRI及胸部CT均未见异常,随后予卡铂+紫杉醇化疗2周期后复查肝脏CT提示转移灶缩小,继续以上方案再化疗2周期。

Abstract:Objective:To study the antifungal activity of triazole alcohols by introducing N-butyl and substituted benzyl as side chain.Methods: Fourteen title compounds were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR,IR,and LC-MS．The MICs of the compounds were determined by in vitro test using 8 clinical pathogenic fungi．Results: The title compounds exhibited potent antifungal activities against nearly all fungi tested(except for Aspergillus fumigatus),especially for the deep infection ones.Compounds 6a,6d, and 6j showed a 16-fold activity(with a MIC80 value of 0.015 6 μg/ml) as that of fluconazole against Microsporum gypseum.Compounds 6m and 6n showed a 128-fold activity(with a MIC80 value of 0.003 9 μg/ml) as that of fluconazole against Candida albicans,and their activities were higher than those of other positive controls.Conclusion: The title compounds with N-butyl and substituted benzyl all have antifungal activities.

Abstract:Objective:To develop a capillary electrophoresis system for purity test and enantioseparation of L-pramipexole.Methods: Using β-CD,HP-β-CD,SBE-β-CD and DM-β-CD as chiral selection agents,we investigated the influence of concentration,pH of chiral selection agent and column length and inner diameter on chiral separation.The enantiomers were baseline separated under the following conditions-uncoated fused silica capillary (50 μm × 47 cm) with an effective length of 40 cm,back-ground electrolyte solution:40 mmol/l trisodium citrate buffer solution,0.5% SBE-β-CD,pH 4.0 adjusted by phosphoric acid,5% methanol,25 mmol·L-1 SDS,40 mmol·L-1 sodium tetraborate solution as running buffer,and 16 kV separation voltage.The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm and the column temperature was 30℃.Results: The baseline separation of L-pramipexole was obtained under our condition.The optical isomerism had satisfactory resolution (Rs>2.5) and the content of R-pramipexole was less than 0.5%.Conclusion: The proposed method is simple,reliable and can be used for routine purity test and chiral separation.

Abstract:Objective:To investigate the influence of sufentanil on calcium-activated K+ channels (IKCa) in rat abdominal aortic smooth muscle cells,and to investigate its role in dilation of blood vessels.Methods: Rat abdominal aortic smooth muscle cells (AASMCs) were freshly obtained by enzymatic digestion.Whole-cell voltage-clamp technique was used to assess the effect of sufentanil (1×10-8,3×10-8,1×10-7mol/L ) on IKCa.Results: Sufentanil significantly increased the amplitude of IKCa compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The effect of sufentanil was reversible and in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion: Sufentanil can promote the activation of KCa channel in rat AASMCs,which might be related to the vasodilatory effect of sufentanil observed in clinical practice.

Abstract:Objective:To set up a new measurement method for radiation absorbed dose by using chrominance technology.Methods: The changes of trichromatic values were measured using color analysis technique after different concentrations of alphaurine A aqueous solutions (500 mg/L,250 mg/L, and 150 mg/L) were irradiated with 1.5-13.5 kGy doses of γ-rays at room temperature.Immediately after irradiation,the trichromatic color testing device was used to determine the trichromatic color changes of the samples for further statistical processing,analysis,and mapping.Repeated measurements were obtained with the test samples.The samples was stored at room temperature of summer for two weeks and the above protocol was repeated.Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results: The trichromatic red-green-blue color underwent evident changes with the changes of reagent concentrations and absorbed doses.There was a gradual increment of absorption value(80-360)of the red color with the increment of absorbed dose in 500 mg/L group; meanwhile,there was a decrement of absorption value(580-250)of blue color with the increment of absorbed dose,which showed that the changing trend of the red color and blue color was on contrary.Compared with the red and blue,the absorption value of green color underwent a slighter change(270-320)with the increment of absorbed doses.Despite a similar color change trend in all the experimental groups,the solution concentration and the radiation dose were the main factor for ideal trichromatic data.The change of color in the solution of lower concentration was greater within a smaller range of absorption dose.Temperature had little influence on the measuring results after the irradiated samples were kept for two weeks at the room temperature in the summer(P>0.05).Conclusion: Ionizing radiation-induced color change combined with chrominance technique may provide a new convenient method for studying radiation absorbed dose.

Abstract:Objective:To search for the optimum formula for self-emulsifying preparation of Brucea javanica seed oil.Methods: Taking the emulsifying degree,quantity of non-emulsifying oil,and emulsion particle size as parameters,we screened for the optimum proportions of the oil,lipids, and non-ionic surfactant in the recipe formulation through solubility experiment,orthogonal screen and drawing pseudo-three-phase diagram.Results: For the formulation of Brucea javanica seed oil,better emulsifying effect could be obtained using medium chain length fatty acid triglyceride as the lipids and Tween-85 as the non-ionic surfactant,with the emulsion particle diameter being 0.169 2 μm.And the self-emulsifying preparation had satisfactory quality,stability, and reproducibility.Conclusion: The optimum formula for self-emulsification of Brucea javanica seed oil is:Brucea javanica seed oil∶medium chain triglycerides∶Tween-85 being 1∶1∶4.

Abstract:Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with advanced liver diseases.Patients undergoing liver transplantation are likely to have severely impaired liver function and poor general condition. Meanwhile,the operation is complicated and needs long time; the hemodynamics fluctuates greatly during operation and many drugs are needed after operation. All the above factors are likely to induce injuries to the heart,brain,lung,etc,and resulting in severe complications and finally leading to the death of patients. Therefore the protection of organs during perioperative period is an important step for liver transplantaion of advanced liver diseases,and it is also a focus of study in the area.This article summarizes the injury mechanism and protection strategy of organs in patients during perioperative period of liver transplantation.

Abstract:FOXP3,a member of the forkhead/winged-helix family,exerts its immunosupression effect by regulating the development,differentiation and maturation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg).Treg plays an important role in immune escape mechanism in oncology research.This article reviews the expression of FOXP3 in various types of tumors and its role in tumor immunology and immunotherapy.

Abstract:目的:探讨总剂量静脉注射低分子右旋糖酐铁对腹膜透析患者贫血及微炎症状态的影响。方法:选择第二军医大学长海医院108例长期不卧床腹膜透析患者，简单随机分为静脉铁剂组和口服铁剂组，观察用药前和用药后3个月、6个月患者血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(Hct)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TSAT)、重组人促红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)用量、血清全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、IL-6、TNF-α等指标并监测不良反应。结果:共99例患者完成随访,其中静脉铁剂组52例，口服铁剂组47例。用药后的3个月、6个月，两组患者Hb、Hct、SF、TSAT均较用药前明显上升(P＜0.05)；用药后3个月，静脉铁剂组的Hb、Hct、SF、TSAT明显高于口服铁剂组(P＜0.05)，rHuEPO用量与用药前及同期口服组比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）;两组患者iPTH较用药前无明显变化。用药6个月后，静脉铁剂组患者的血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α较用药前有所下降，但无统计学差异；口服铁剂组患者的血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α较用药前及同期静脉铁剂组明显升高(P＜0.05)；两组患者iPTH较用药前无明显变化。静脉铁剂组总不良反应发生率(1/52,1.92%)和口服铁剂组(4/47,8.51%)比较，无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:总剂量注射静脉铁剂可以有效地纠正腹膜透析患者的铁缺乏，提高铁利用率，这一方案并未加重患者微炎症状态，不良反应发生率低、安全性良好。

Abstract:目的:探讨ATP敏感性钾通道(KATP )亚基在人类2种不同功能状态下(临产和未临产)子宫平滑肌中的表达情况。方法:实验分为足月临产组(TL组)和足月未临产组(TNL组),均12例。采用RT-PCR和实时定量聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)检测了人类2种妊娠状态下子宫平滑肌KATP 3种亚基mRNA的表达，并用免疫组织化学法检测KATP 3种亚基蛋白表达情况。结果:Kir6.1、Kir6.2、SUR2B mRNA在临产和未临产子宫平滑肌上均有表达,TNL组SUR2B mRNA的含量高于TL组(P<0.05);3种亚基的受体蛋白在人未临产和临产的子宫平滑肌细胞胞质中都有表达。结论:KATP在子宫平滑肌上有表达;在人类的妊娠子宫平滑肌上可能是通过SUR2B水平的改变起到调节平滑肌收缩的作用。

Abstract:目的:总结气管原发性肿瘤外科治疗经验，探讨治疗效果及影响因素。方法:总结2007年5月-2009年1月收治的13例行外科治疗的气管原发性肿瘤患者临床资料，分析疗效及影响因素。病理学包括腺样囊性癌8例，黏液表皮样癌2例，上皮-肌上皮癌2例，鳞状细胞癌1例。结果:10例气管肿瘤患者经右胸后外侧切口完成手术，其中8例行气管袖状切除加端-端吻合术，1例行袖式右全肺切除加左主支气管-气管端-端吻合术，1例行隆突切除-隆突重建。另有1例经颈部衣领切口、2例经胸骨正中切口完成手术，均为一期切除后重建。鳞状细胞癌患者有1枚淋巴结转移，其余患者淋巴结均为阴性。2例患者术后出现左侧喉返神经麻痹，无其他术后早期并发症发生，术后住院时间平均(9.7±0.5) d。平均随访（6.8±2.1）个月，无肿瘤复发。结论:手术切除是治疗气管原发性肿瘤的有效方法，病理类型及切除范围对患者术后远期生存率有很大影响。

Abstract:目的:与传统热稀释法测量心排血量(CO)结果进行对比,评价基于动脉压力波形的心排血量监测(APCO)方法监测结果的准确性;观察液体负荷下血流动力学各监测指标的敏感性。方法:选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的骶骨肿瘤、后腹膜巨大肿瘤手术患者12例,常规麻醉诱导后,桡动脉穿刺置管,连接FloTrac 传感器和Viglieo监测仪,放置肺动脉导管鞘及六腔Swan-Ganz导管。以上操作完毕后,每间隔30 min行间断心排血量(ICO)测定,同时记录APCO和CCO(经Swan-Ganz导管测得的连续CO)。采用Bland-Altman分析比较各监测方法测得CO间的差异,评价APCO监测结果的准确性。手术开始前无刺激时,七氟烷维持0.8 MAC下,按理想体质量给予10 ml/kg羟乙基淀粉130/0.4氯化钠注射液(万汶),30 min内输注完毕。对比输液前后心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、肺小动脉楔压(PAWP)、每搏量变异度(SVV)、APCO、每搏量(SV)、每搏指数(SVI)等指标的变化,筛选敏感监测指标。结果:APCO-ICO为(-0.11±0.51) L/min,95%CI为-1.12～0.89;APCO-CCO为(0.15±0.50)L/min,95%CI为-0.84～1.13。APCO与ICO、CCO间的一致性好。快速输液前后,HR、MAP差异无统计学意义;CVP(P<0.05)、PAWP、SVV、APCO、SV、SVI差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:APCO与热稀释法ICO、CCO相关性好,PAWP、SVV、APCO、SV、SVI是敏感的液体负荷后血流动力学观察指标。

Abstract:目的:综合评价非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB) 与常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCAB)术后疗效。方法:检索2002-2008年间国内关于OPCAB与CCAB术后疗效分析的临床研究,用RevMan 4.2统计软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入研究的文献共11篇,合计病例1 957例（OPCAB组984例,CCAB组973例）。Meta分析提示:OPCAB组术后具有良好的治疗效果,在呼吸机辅助时间、ICU留住时间和住院时间上都明显低于CCAB组（P＜0.05）,在输血量和术后并发症上也明显少于CCAB组（P＜0.05）。在平均旁路移植血管支数上,两组无统计学差异（P=0.11）。结论:OPCAB治疗冠状动脉疾病比CCAB取得更好的手术效果,值得推广。

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Abstract:随着颅脑创伤救治水平的提高,人们越来越重视颅脑创伤合并症的治疗,以降低其病死率和致残率,提高患者生活质量。创伤性眶上裂综合征是由外伤引起眶上裂骨折压迫眶上裂内血管和神经\[Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅵ,Ⅴ(1)即眼动神经\]所致的一组临床症候群,主要表现为眼球固定、眼睑下垂、眼球突出、角膜反射迟钝或消失、瞳孔散大以及瞳孔对光反射迟钝或消失,严重影响患者视觉功能,逐渐得到临床医师的重视。我科2007年收治了1例典型的创伤性眶上裂综合征患者,伤后9 d行经扩大颧弓入路眶上裂区眼动神经显微外科神经减压术,随访效果满意,现报告如下。