Abstract:ObjectiveTo use numerical simulation for analying hemodynamic changes in intracranial aneurysm with elastic wall, and to analyze the effect of mechanical properties of the aneurysm wall on the hemodynamic changes.MethodsBased on the DSA images of a patient with multi-intracranial aneurysm, the numerical simulation of the hemodynamics of the elastic intracinal aneurysm was processed using a software of finite element method of computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and the computational fluid-structure interaction analyses. We also investigated the effect of the coupling of hemodynamics and aneurysm wall movement.ResultsThe morphology of the elastic aneurysm underwent deformation, and the angle between aneurysm and parent artery also changed, affecting the inflow jet dispersed into the flow field of aneurysm and the distribution of wall shear stress on the surface of aneurysm.Conclusion The numerical simulation of CFD can directly reflect the hemodynamic characteristics of aneurysms. More accurate elastic wall aneurysm model is needed to improve the quantitative analysis of the hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysms.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the protective effect of saturated hydrogen saline against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and the related mechanism. MethodsRat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models were established by thread ligation of the middle cerebral artery. The rats were sacrificed 24 h later. The cerebral infarction volume was determined by TTC staining, the water content in brain tissue by dry-wet weight method, the degree of cerebral cells by Nissl staining, and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the ischemic cerebral tissues by ELISA.ResultsCompared with control group, hydrogen saline decreased the brain water content and cerebral infarction volume, and increased the quantity of nissel’s body in the cortex; meanwhile, it also significantly decreased the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in brain tissue(P<0.05).ConclusionHydrogen saline can alleviate the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, probably by inhibiting the inflammation response.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo assess the correlation between the metal artifact degrees with the tube voltage (in peak kilovolts, kV) and tube current(in milliamperes, mA) in multidetector computed tomography(MDCT), so as to search for proper strategies to reduce metal artifact and the radiation dose. MethodsFour lumbar pedicle screws were implanted in the human L4,L5 specimens to establish the pedicle screw fixation model, and the models were hung on the appropriative water mode to assess the artifacts with silk thread. Different scanning parameters(mainly tube tension, tube current) were used for scanning. The lengths of the artifacts emanating from the anterior tips of the screw were used to evaluate the degree of artifact. ResultsThe tube current change did not significantly affect the metal artifacts (P>0.05), but the tube voltage had significant impact on the metal artifacts; the degree of artifacts decreased remarkably with the increase of the tube voltage(100-140 kV, P<0.05). Radiation dose rose with tube current and tube voltage increase. ConclusionSimultaneous reduction of the artifact and radiation dose can be achieved with high tube voltages (usually 140 kV) and tube currents should be lower than the generally used values of 250-270 mA.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the efficacies of exposure to cigarette smoke alone and in combination with intra-tracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide in establishing rat models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MethodsA total of 24 8-week-old healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 model groups and a control group (Group C). The rat COPD models were established by two ways: intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) twice + exposure to cigarette smoke for 1 month (Group A), and cigarette smoke inhalation for 80 days only(Group B). The pathologic characteristics of animal models, including the mean lining interval (MLI) and the mean alveoli number(MAN), were determined. The total and different white blood cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and blood samples were determined.ResultsThe rats in the two model groups presented with cough or breathlessness periodically, and the white blood cell counts and neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood and BALF were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). H-E staining showed that the lung tissues of rats in Group A and B had typical pathological features of COPD and emphysema. MLI were significantly higher and MAN were significantly lower in Group A and B than those in group C (both P<0.01), but there was no statistical difference between the two model groups. Group A had more severe inflammatory response in the bronchial and lung tissues than Group B. And Group B was characterized by alveolar overdistension.ConclusionBoth the two methods can successfully establish rat COPD model, with its pathophysiological changes similar to those of human COPD, with intra-tracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide being more consistent to the natural development of disease.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the role of p38 MAPK on gastric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)induced injury in mice.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham+vehicle group, I/R+vehicle group (as control), and I/R+CNI1493 group. The gastric IR injury mice were prepared by occluding the celiac artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 1 h. Shamoperated animals underwent the same surgical procedure without clamping. Physiological saline (0.9% NaCl, 10 ml/kg) or CNI1493(a p38 MAPK inhibitor, 10 ml/kg, 2 mg/ml) was intraperitoneally administered 1 h before ischemia. A picture of the whole stomach was obtained after fixation with formalin, and the bleeding area in the whole stomach was obtained by a digital imaging analyzer (Image J 1.4. NIH). The levels of phospho and totalmitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs including p38, JNK, and ERK), phosphonuclear factorκB (NFκB) and cleaved Caspase3 in the injured stomach tissue were determined by Western blotting analysis.ResultsCompared with sham+vehicle group, I/R group had markedly larger gastric bleeding area (P<0.05), activated p38, JNK, and ERK (P<0.05), and markedly increased NFκB p65 and cleaved Caspase3 expression (P<0.05). Pretreatment with CNI1493 significantly inhibited the above changes in I/R group (P<0.05). ConclusionActivation of MAPK/NFκB pathway play a very important role in I/Rinduced gastric injury. Pretreatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor, CNI1493, can inhibit MAPK/NFκB pathway, decrease expression of apoptosis protein expression, and reduce gastric mucosal bleeding.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the possible role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in lung injury following intestinal ischemia reperfusion (II/R) in mice. MethodsIntestinal ischemia/reperfusion was induced by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by 6 h reperfusion. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group (sham group),II/R group and II/R plus SB239063 treatment (SB239063 group),n=6/group. SB239063 (3 mg/kg), a novel second-generation p38 MAPK inhibitor,was administered intraperitoneally one hour before clamping. Pulmonary p38 MAPK and phospho-p38 MAPK protein were measured by Western blotting analysis. Gene expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the lung was analyzed by RT-PCR. The lung pathology was observed by optical microscope. ResultsCompared with the sham-operated group, pulmonary p38 MAPK activation was significantly increased 6 h after II/R (P<0.01), whereas SB239063 could markedly attenuate p38 MAPK activation in lung tissue (P<0.05). In addition, the increased TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels induced by II/R in lungs were significantly blocked by inhibiting p38 MAPK activation (P<0.05). SB239063 treatment ameliorated the pathologic lung injury induced by II/R. Conclusionp38 MAPK plays an important role in lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion (II/R) in mice, and inhibition of p38 MAPK activation prevents lung injury following II/R in mice.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the synergistic effect of NKX6.1 and PDX1 in inducing differentiation of fetal liver-derived mesenchymal stem cells(FL-MSCs) into the pancreatic B cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms, so as to obtain enough islet-like body for transplantation. MethodsRecombinant adenovirus vector harboring both PDX1 and NKX6.1 genes was constructed, and the vector was used to infect FL-MSCs. Then a series of cytokines were used to induce the differentiation of infected FL-MSCs into pancreatic B cells. The expressions of PDX1, NKX6.1 gene, transcription factors NGN3, NeuroD1/Beta2, MafA as well as C-peptide were examined. ResultsPDX1 and NKX6.1 were detected in FL-MSCs cells 24 h after infection; cells began to express NGN3, NeuroD1, and MafA and stably expressed pancreatic B cell related factors including insulin after induction.The expression of these molecules was in a certain order. ConclusionPDX1, NKX6.1 combined with a series of cytokines can effectively induce FL-MSCs to differentiate into pancreatic islet B cells in vitro, which might be through activation of transcription factors NGN3, NeuroD1, and MafA in turn, inducing FL-MSCs to differentiate towards endocrine precursor cells,B endocrine precursor cells and B cells in turn.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of Annexin A1 on migratory and invasive ability of colon cancer cells. MethodsEukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-Annexin A1 was constructed and analyzed by restriction analysis and sequencing. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-Annexin A1 was transfected into SW480 cells by liposome-mediated gene transferred method. The stable transfectants were obtained after screening with G418. Real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to examine the expression of Annexin A1 mRNA and protein in SW480 cells before and after transfection. Wound-healing experiment and Transwell invasion assays were used to study the effects of Annexin A1 on the migratory and invasive ability of SW480 cells. ResultsThe recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-Annexin A1 was successfully constructed. The results of real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that the Annexin A1 expression was significantly higher in cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-Annexin A1 than in un-transfected cells or those transfected with empty vectors (P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between the last two groups (P>0.05).The migratory rate of SW480 cells in pcDNA3.1-Annexin A1 group was significantly higher than those in un-transfected cells or transfected with empty vectors (\[0.415±0.002) vs \[0.267±0.003\] and \[0.271±0.002\], P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the latter two groups. The migrating SW480 cells in pcDNA3.1-Annexin A1 group was significantly more than those in the other two groups(\[ 221.75±12.07\] vs \[162.80±12.07\] and \[164.25±9.50\], P<0.05). ConclusionOverexpression of Annexin A1 can increase the migratory and invasive ability of SW480 cell line.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of OLFM1 expression with the development of lung cancer by comparing the OLFM1 expression in lung cancer specimens and matched normal lung specimens. MethodsThe OLFM1 mRNA expression was examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and fluorescence quantitative PCR in 21 lung cancer tissues and the paired normal lung tissues, and the protein expression of OLFM1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe OLFM mRNA expression levels in 8 primary lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues were decreased by 2.2 folds compared with that in the matched normal lung tissues, with the difference being significantly different (P=0.028). The OLFM1 protein was located in cytoplasm and only expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues（P<0.001）, and the expression was not associated with patients’ age, gender, tumor stage, and differentiation degrees（P>0.05). ConclusionThe lower expression of OLFM1 gene in lung squamous cell carcinoma may serve as a potential molecule marker for the condition. The expression of OLFM1 protein in lung adenocarcinoma, but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma and normal lung tissue, may suggest that different pathological types of lung cancers may have different pathological mechanisms.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study whether miR-15a and miR-16-1 can enhance the sensitivity of Raji cells to cytarabine (Ara-C).MethodsMiR-15a and miR-16-1 oligonucleotides were transfected into Raji cells with LipofectamineTM 2000,and then the cells were treated with Ara-C.The IC50 values of Ara-C was detected by CCK8 assay.The growth of Raji cells was measured by trypan blue dye exclusion method.The apoptotic cells were observed by Hoechst dyeing; AnnexinⅤ/PI double dyeing and glow cytometry(FCM) were used to examine the cell apoptotic rate.ResultsAfter transfection of miR-15a or miR-16-1 into Raji cells,the IC50 values of Ara-C were 10.41 and 10.86,respectively,which were significantly lower than that of the untransfected group(15.43)and scrambled oligonucleotides （SODN）transfection group（14.92,P<0.05）.Trypan blue dye exclusion assay showed that miR-15a/miR-16-1 transfection group had obviously decreased the cell growth compared to miR-15a,miR-16-1 group,untransfected group and SODN transfected group; Hoechst dyeing demonstrated plenty of apoptotic cells.AnnexinⅤ/PI double dyeing assays by FCM indicated that the cell apoptotic rates in earlier period and late period were 20.93% and 25.27% in the miR-15a+Ara-C group,and 20.69% and 23.13% in the miR-16-1+Ara-C group,which were obviously higher than those in miR-15a group (6.99%,10.08%),miR-16-1 group(4.73%,10.64%),Ara-C group(10.88%,11.83%) and control group (14.39%,11.93%).ConclusionMiR-15a and miR-16-1 oligonucleotides can enhance the sensitivity of Raji cells to Ara-C.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the effect of valsartan, an angiotensinⅡtypeⅠreceptor antagonist（AT1RA）, on renal interstitium fibrosis（RIF）in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction （UUO）, and to discuss the possible mechanisms. MethodsThirty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, model and valsartan groups.The rat UUO model was established. From the day after operation,the rats in sham-operation and model groups received intragastric valsartan and sodium chloride in tales doses. The serum creatinine（SCr）, blood urea nitrogen（BUN）, angiotensin-Ⅱ(AngⅡ) in blood plasma, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase（NAG）and 24 h urine β2-microglobulin（β2-MG）were examined 4 weeks after operation. The renal tissues of the obstructed sides were harvested; H-E staining and Masson staining were used to observe the tubulointerstitial lesions; and immunohistochemistry staining was used for semiquantitative analysis of alpha-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）, fibronectin（FN）, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1（PAI-1）, transforming growth factor-beta 1（TGF-β1）, and hepatocyte growth factor（HGF）.ResultsCompared with those in the sham-operation group, SCr, BUN, AngⅡ, NAG and β2-MG levels,and the expression of α-SMA,FN,PAI-1,and TGF-β1 in model group were significantly higher（P<0.01）. The levels of SCr,BUN,NAG and β2-MG were comparable between valsartan group and the model group（P>0.05）. The expression levels of α-SMA,FN,PAI-1,and TGF-β1 in valsartan group were significantly lower than and the expression of HGF was significantly higher than those in the model group（P<0.01）. ConclusionValsartan does not improve the tubular and glomerular functions, but it can inhibit production of Ang-II. Valsartan may inhibit renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting renal tubule epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation and reducing extracellular matrix deposition through blocking up AngⅡ, inhibiting overexpression of α-SMA,FN,PAI-1, and TGF-β1, and inducing the HGF expression.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo set up a novel non-invasive prenatal determination technique of fetal RhD genotype by real-time PCR examination of fetal DNA in RhD negative maternal plasma. MethodsPlasma fetal DNA was extracted by manual DNA micro-extraction method from the plasma of 22 RhD negative women (15-40 gestation week). We amplified the exons 7, 10 and intron 4 of RhD gene and sex-determining region Y gene (SRY) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The presence of fetal DNA was confirmed by testing SRY. The results of genotyping and serum RhD status of the newborns were compared to evaluate the accuracy of the present method.ResultsCell-free fetal DNA was detected in the maternal plasma samples. Among the 19 RhD negative specimens, 14 cases had the specifically amplified exons 7, 10 and intron 4 of RhD gene and SRY gene, and the results were confirmed by serological examination of fetal umbilical blood after delivery. Among the 19 specimens, 3 cases were not detected the specifically amplified in exons 7, 10 and intron 4 of RhD gene and SRY gene, and the results were also confirmed by serological examination of fetal umbilical blood. The accuracy of the present method was 89.5%. SRY detection confirmed fetal DNA presence in maternal plasma in all boys. The other 2 cases only had specifically amplified exons 10 of RhD gene, and the results were confirmed as RhDel phenotype. Real-time PCR easily differentiated pregnant woman whose RBCs had a weak D phenotype (n=3) from truly RhD-negative patients. However, in these cases fetal RhD status cannot be determined.ConclusionReal time PCR detection of fetal DNA in RhD-negative maternal plasma is simple, quick and specific for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal RhD blood type, which can help to prevent hemolytic disease of newborns.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo characterize the metabolite composition (i.e., metabonome) of the serum samples from chronic hepatitis B patients by using nuclear magnetic resonance 1H (1H NMR) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA).MethodsThe 1H NMR sepctra were obtained for the serum samples from 8 healthy controls and 20 chronic hepatitis B patients, and the spectra data were analyzed by PCA to demonstrate the metabonomic changes.ResultsWe found that there were evident differences in metabonomics between the healthy controls and chronic hepatitis B patients. The levels of lipids and glucose were significantly increased in the chronic hepatitis B patient and the levels of lactate, alanine, valine, glutamine and phosphocholine/choline were significantly decreased compared with the healthy controls (P<0.05). ConclusionOur results indicate that the metabonomes of serum from chronic hepatitis B patients are different from those of the healthy controls. Serum 1H NMR sepctroscopy combined with PCA may offer reliable biochemistry evidence for diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B at molecular level.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo rapidly separate and identify the chemical components in traditional Chinese herbal medicine of Oldenlandia diffusa and its injection preparations by high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOFMS). MethodsAn Agilent Zorbax XDB-Cl8 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used for separation and identification of chemical components in Oldenlandia diffusa, with a mobile phase of 0.3% acetic acid (A) and methanol (B) in gradient elution, 0-30 min, 30%-90%B. The flow rate was set at 1.0 ml/min and the injection volume was 10 μl. The time-of-flight mass spectrometer was equipped with an EIS ion source. The scanning mass range was between m/z 100-1 000. ResultsThe traditional Chinese medicine of Oldenlandia diffusa and its injection preparation were on-line separated and characterized by HPLC-TOFMS, and 11 chemical compounds were identified in Oldenlandia diffusa, 6 compounds in market injection preparation, and 2 compounds in the injection prepared by ourselves.ConclusionChromatographic demonstration of chemical compounds in Oldenlandia diffusa in one run provides a foundation for the further studying the metabolism and mechanism of Oldenlandia diffusa and its injection preparations.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the cost-effectiveness of montelukast and salbutamal for the treatment of children with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after mycoplasma pneumoniae(MPP).Methods A total of 374 children with pneumonia during Oct.2007 to Oct.2008 were observed,and 185 of them had mycoplasma infection (four-fold or greater rise by paired serum sample or higher than 1160 by a single serum sample).Of the 185 patients 118 complicated with AHR were included for cost-effectiveness analysis.They were divided into three groups,namely,routine treatment (group A),routine treatment plus salbutamal (group B),routine treatment plus montelukast (group C).The incidence,duration and alleviating time of stimulating cough and hospital stay were observed in the three groups.The peak expiratory flow (PEF) was also determined.Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using the costs of the first class second level hospital in Shanghai.ResultsThe incidence of AHR was 63.8% in children with mycoplasma infection pneumonia in our group.Montelukast and salbutamal shortened the course of stimulating cough compared with group A.Cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that the cost of salbutamal was less than that of montelukast,with the cost-effectiveness ratio being 0.86(P<0.05).ConclusionSalbutamal is more cost-effective than montelukast for MPP children without other complications,which is a valuable information for clinicians.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the biological safety of silicon membrane embedded permanent magnets implanted into canine, so as to evaluate the safety of a micturition alert device designed on the principle of compass. MethodsTwelve adult male dogs (weighing 11-12 kg) were divided into experimental group (8 dogs) and control group (4 dogs ).The experimental group was implanted with a silicon membrane embedded NdFeB magnet, which was 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness and with a magnetic induction intensity of 0.3 Tesla at the center of the pole face surface. The control group was implanted with a silicon membrane embedded NdFeB alloy with the same dimensions. The grafts were sutured onto the anterior surface of the bladder wall. The dogs were then allowed to live for one year. Both the survival and local pathology around the grafts were observed after implantation. And the pre-operation urine and post-operation urine were compared between the two groups. ResultsOne dog in the experimental group died from operation complications 10 hours after operation, another dog had intestinal obstruction 3 weeks after operation because iron wires in the intestinal tract was caught up by the permanent magnet. The rest 6 dogs in the experimental group and 4 dogs in the control group had no abnormalities in spirit, appetite, urine or stool, and there were no infections. The animals were sacrificed one year after operation. Adhension was found between the epiploon and the bladder wall around permanent magnets in these 10 dogs; the fibrous capsule around the permanent magnets was thin, and the local bladder wall below permanent magnets was thickened, with normal bladder mucosa. Grade 2 inflammatory reaction and fibrous capsule of the local tissue were noted around the grafts. The findings of urine routine were normal before and after operation.ConclusionNdFeB permanent magnets embedded with silicon membrane are biologically safe for clinical application, which warrants further investigation.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical manifestations and surgical treatment of unroofed coronary sinus syndrome（UCSS）. MethodsNine patients underwent surgical repair for UCSS from Jan. 1999 to Jun. 2009 in our hospital, and the patients included 3 with typeⅠa, 1 with typeⅠb, 1 with typeⅡa, 3 with type Ⅲa, and 1 with type Ⅲb UCSS. The diagnosis of UCSS was made by echocardiography in 6 patients and by the surgical exploration in 3 patients. Persistent left superior vena cava（PLSVC）was found in 7 cases; 3 cases with PLSVC directly draining into the left atrium(Ⅰa) were reconstructed by the intra-atrial routes to guide PLSVC to the right atrium, and 4 cases with PLSVC draining into the coronary sinus and coronary sinus orifice opening to the left atrium and right atrium (1 case,Ⅱa) and left atrium (3 cases,Ⅲa) were dealt with the abnormal coronary sinus orifice. Other associated cardiac lesions were corrected concomitantly. ResultsTwo cases had early complications and the other 7 cases had smooth recovery after operation; all the patients were cured and discharged. Eight cases were followed up for 2 months to 5 years and there was no death or late complications.ConclusionUCSS is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly and is difficult to diagnose preoperatively; so careful exploration should be done during operation. Different surgical approaches should be chosen according to the types of communication between PLSVC and cardiac atrium, the positions of abnormal sinus ostium, and other cardiac lesions. Satisfactory prognosis can be obtained if physiological correction is achieved.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo establish a RP-HPLC method for determination of the concentrations of dextromethorphan and its metabolites dextrorphan in human urine.MethodsPhenacetine was used as internal standard,and the urine sample was hydrolyzed by enzyme,alkalified and extracted with hexane-butanol(91).The separation was carried out on DiamonsilTM C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with mobile phase of acetonitrile-1% triethylamine buffer solution (pH adjusted to 2.2 with H3PO4). Gradient elution was done for 0-15 min(20%-35% A). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm and the column temperature was 40℃.ResultsThe linear ranges of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan were 0.05-2.0 μg/ml (r=0.999 9,n=5) and 0.5-20.0 μg/ml (r=0.999 9,n=5),respectively,and their lowest detecting concentrations were 0.04 μg/ml and 0.4 μg/ml,respectively.The intra-day and inter-day precision were both less than 10%.The low,middle and high extraction recoveries were between 94%-108%.ConclusionOur method is accurate and sensitive,and is suitable for the CYP2D6 phenotype analysis and pharmacokinetic studies of dextromethorphan and its metabolites in human.

Abstract:Disseminated malignancy is the main cause of cancer-related death. The spontaneous circulation of tumor cells is responsible for distant metastasis; therefore it is of potential importance to specifically and sensitively detect the circulating tumor cells, which not only allows for more accurate prediction of cancer prognosis, but also helps to tailor individualized anticancer treatment. This paper reviews the enrichment, detection and analyzing methods of circulating tumor cells.

Abstract:Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, a distant member of the transforming growth factor-β cytokine superfamily, is a powerful cardioprotective factor. Many studies have demonstrated that serum GDF-15 level is a novel marker closely associated with the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis of several cardiovascular diseases. This article mainly reviews the characteristics of GDF-15 and its multifunction in cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract:Active tumor targeting drug delivery system(ATTDDS) can selectively combine with and react to the target tissue at the cellular or subcellular level,making it possible for drugs to be distributed in a controlled manner and released in a slow and continuous manner, subsequently resulting in enhanced anticancer drugs effects and reduced adverse effects on normal tissues. Although there are many problems need to be solved in research on ATTDDS,and there is still a long way to go before it can be used clinically,its roles in overcoming adverse effects of cancer treatment and improving the therapeutic effect are valuable. Generally,ATTDDS is an ideal antitumor drug dosage and has a promising prospect. This paper introduces the effects and characteristics of various types of ATTDDS as well as their problems and countermeasures, hoping to provide research ideas and methods for the antitumor targeted drug delivery.

Abstract:目的检测即刻早期基因X-1（IEX-1）在卵巢癌、卵巢良性肿瘤组织及交界性卵巢肿瘤组织中的表达，初步探讨其与卵巢癌发生发展的关系。方法应用免疫组化法对105例卵巢组织（良性肿瘤21例、交界性肿瘤24例、恶性肿瘤60例）进行IEX-1蛋白检测。结果IEX-1蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的阳性表达率\[38.3%(23/60)\]均明显低于良性\[80.9%(17/21)\]和交界性\[62.5%(15/24)\]卵巢肿瘤组织(P<0.01)，IEX-1在不同年龄、组织学类型的卵巢癌中阳性表达率差异无统计学意义；FIGO分期晚期（Ⅲ~Ⅳ期）及组织分化程度低者（G3）IEX-1阳性表达率低于FIGO分期早期（Ⅰ~Ⅱ）及中高分化者（G1~G2），差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论IEX-1蛋白低表达可能与卵巢癌的发生发展有关。

Abstract:目的总结部分型房室间隔缺损（PAVSD）外科治疗的近远期疗效和二尖瓣处理的方法。 方法我院1990年1月至2008年5月手术治疗PAVSD患者109例,男47例,女62例,年龄7个月至62岁,平均（28.3±12.7）岁。原发孔型房间隔缺损21～50 mm,二尖瓣前瓣均有不同程度的裂隙,轻至重度二尖瓣反流96例,三尖瓣中重度反流47例。二尖瓣前瓣裂隙均予间断缝合,同时行瓣叶交界环缩12例,二尖瓣成形环15例,双孔二尖瓣9例；二尖瓣置换术6例。原发孔房间隔缺损修补均采用自体心包片,冠状静脉窦开口隔入左心房91例,留在右心房者18例。同期行动脉导管未闭结扎7例。左上腔与右心耳吻合1例,左上腔直接结扎3例,将冠状静脉窦开口隔入右心房左上腔未做处理3例。右室流出道拓宽2例,主动脉瓣下隔膜切除1例。结果术后早期死亡2例,死亡率1.8％。严重并发症包括再次气管插管4例,再次开胸止血1例,左心辅助1例,Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞1例。术后随访96例,随访率90％。随访时间3个月至18年（90.8±23.5）个月。再次手术7例,距第一次手术时间为3.3～18年,平均（11.2±5.1）年。再次手术死亡1例。随访存活的95例患者生活质量和活动能力均有明显改善。结论PAVSD矫治手术病死率低,远期效果较好。二尖瓣的修复是手术成功的关键。术后二尖瓣反流是再次手术的主要原因,对于重度的二尖瓣反流的患者应定期随访、及时手术。

Abstract:目的利用逆向工程法快速建立含下颌第一磨牙种植义齿的颌骨三维有限元模型,并对种植体周围骨组织进行有限元分析。方法通过螺旋CT扫描正常下颌骨,利用逆向工程法建立下颌第一磨牙种植修复的三维有限元模型,加载颊向、垂直、水平3组作用力,分析种植体周围骨组织应力反应。结果获得了满意的正常牙槽骨高度的下颌第一磨牙种植体三维有限元模型,包括种植体冠、种植体、皮质骨、松质骨4个部件。种植体周围骨组织应力在垂直加载下分布均匀、大小接近,而在水平向和颊向加载下分布于颊侧颈部的皮质骨内、应力集中。结论利用逆向工程法建立的模型可以真实反映下颌第一磨牙种植体周围骨组织的应力情况,使有限元分析结果更接近真实。

Abstract:目的探讨英夫利西单抗治疗克罗恩病的疗效。方法收集第二军医大学长海医院2007年12月至2009年2月符合诊断标准的克罗恩病患者18例,使用英夫利西单抗进行治疗（5 mg/kg 静滴0、2、6周,以后每8周1次,维持46周），2周后观察疗效。结果使用英夫利西单抗治疗2周后，患者腹痛、腹泻等症状明显缓解，全身营养状况改善迅速，并发症如瘘管等均愈合良好，未出现明显不良反应，其中CDAI评分从321.5±34.5降为98.0±25.1(P<0.05)；ESR(mm/h)从43.6±18.6 (25～76)下降为6.8±3.1(P<0.05)。结论英夫利西单抗治疗克罗恩病具有确切的近期疗效且有很好的安全性，但远期疗效尚有待观察。

Abstract:目的建立了顶空气相色谱法测定非索非那定中甲醇、甲苯、正己烷、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、二硫化碳、乙醚和乙醇9种有机溶剂的残留量。方法采用HP-FFAP毛细管柱(50 m×0.32 mm×0.52 μm)，FID检测器，外标法进行定量。进样口180℃，检测器250℃，柱温45℃保持9 min,以10℃/min程序升温至100℃，保持2 min,分流比10∶1。载气氮气流速：10 ml/min；空气350 ml/min；柱头压：氢气45 ml/min。顶空瓶区域温度：90℃；样品进样阀：100℃，传输管温度：100℃；样品瓶加热平衡时间：10 min；进样量：100 μl。对分离条件、顶空平衡温度、平衡时间对残留有机溶剂测定的影响进行了研究。结果甲醇、甲苯、正己烷、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、二硫化碳、乙醚和乙醇的线性范围分别为1.58～31.60 μg(r=0.999 7)、1.73～34.60 μg (r=0.999 3)、6.65～13.30 μg (r=0.996 4)、1.32～26.40 μg (r=0.999 8)、2.52～50.40 μg (r=0.997 1)、2.52～50.40 μg (r=0.998 6)、2.66～53.20 μg (r=0.996 1)、1.80～36.00 μg (r=0.997 4)、1.58～31.60 μg(r=0.998 4)，各组分回收率均在95%～105%内，最低检测限分别为0.79、0.87、0.66、0.89、1.33、0.90、0.72、1.26和0.79 μg。结论该方法操作快速、灵敏、准确。

Abstract:目的总结复发性心脏黏液瘤的临床特征及诊治经验,提高其诊治水平。方法回顾性分析5例复发性心脏黏液瘤病例资料,并复习相关文献资料,总结其临床诊治经验。结果5例原发黏液瘤均起源于非典型位置,1例存在早期远处种植转移,1例有明显家族史,2例复发时恶变；复发间隔时间为（2.30±2.16）年,均为不同位置或不同腔室复发；复发后均行手术治疗,除1例复发时恶变后死于心力衰竭外,余4例再次手术后效果良好。结论非典型位置起源、多发、多腔室分布、早期远处种植转移和有家族史的心脏黏液瘤较易复发,术后更应加强随访,一旦发现复发,应及早手术治疗。

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