Abstract:bjectiveTo study TLR4 expression in human prostate cancer PC3 cells and the related intracellular signaling mechanisms.MethodsHuman prostate cancer PC3 cells were stimulated with TLR4-specific ligand lipopolysaccharide(LPS), then the cells and supernatants were collected 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after LPS stimulation.TLR4 mRNA and protein expression was examined by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively.The mRNA expression of TGF-β, VEGF, IL-8, COX-2, and MMP3 was also measured by reverse transcription-PCR, and the levels of VEGF, IL-8 in the supernatants were examined by ELISA.To further study the related signaling pathway, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were blocked by specific inhibitors in PC3 cells before LPS stimulation; the cells were collected after 4 hours and the supernatants were collected after 24 hours; and the above mentioned factors were examined by reverse transcription-PCR and ELISA again.ResultsTLR4 expression was up-regulated by LPS stimulation in human prostate cancer PC3 cells, which significantly increased mRNA expression of TGF-β, VEGF, IL-8, COX-2, and MMP3 and secretion of VEGF and IL-8 in the supernatants (P<0.05); further study showed that p38 MAPK and NF-κB signal pathways were involved in the process.ConclusionTLR4 signaling promotes VEGF and IL-8 secretion through p38 MAPK and NF-κB signal pathways.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the role of protein Hsc73 (heat shock cognate protein 73 000) in renal cell cancer metastasis promoted by SDF-1/CXCR4 axis, so as to determine whether Hsc73 participates in CXCR4 nuclear localization.MethodsWestern blotting analysis was used to observe the expression of Hsc73 in A498 cells over-expressing CXCR4.The location of Hsc73 and the interaction of CXCR4 with Hsc73 were investigated in SDF-1-stimulated A498 cells by immunohistochemical staining, Co-IP (Co-Immunoprecipitation) experiment, etc.ResultsHsc73 was up-regulated in A498 cells over-expressing CXCR4.Hsc73 was mainly found in the cytoplasm of A498 cells; after stimulation with SDF-1, some Hsc73 appeared in the nuclei.Hsc73 protein was found in the nuclei of A498 cells after Co-IP with anti-CXCR4 antibody.ConclusionHsc73 as a common molecular chaperone participates in the intra-cellular translocation of CXCR4; Hsc73 also plays a key role in the activation of SDF-1/CXCR4 signal pathway and may be involved in the nuclear translocalization of CXCR4.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study whether there is expression of the alternative splice variants of TCF19, a cell growth regulatory gene, in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues and their relationship with the development of ccRCC.MethodsAlternative Splicing Database was used to predict the possible alternative splice variants of TCF19.Specific primers for amplifying the 5 predicted variants of TCF19 were designed and used to examine the corresponding variants in 32 ccRCC tissues and normal tissues adjacent to the tumors by RT-PCR technique.The amplicons were then cloned and sequenced.Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression differences of the variants between the primary renal cell carcinoma and adjacent tissues.ResultsTwo new isoforms of TCF19 (TCF19-1 and TCF19-3) were identified in the ccRCC and the adjacent tissues.RT-PCR results showed that TCF19-1 expression was significantly higher in the primary ccRCC tissues than that in the adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001).And the expression of TCF19-3 in the primary tumor was only slightly higher than that in the adjacent tissues (P=0.082).ConclusionThis study for the first time identifies the existence of two alternative splice isoforms of TCF-19, TCF19-1 and TCF19-3, in human ccRCC tissues, and the expression of TCF19-1 might be related to the development of ccRCC.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of using anti-GPC3 monoclonal antibody in discriminating benign and malignant hepatocellular lesions.MethodsThe expression of GPC3 was examined by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry assessment in 19 normal control samples, 94 hepatocellular carcinoma samples, 20 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma samples and 42 benign hepatocellular samples.The relation of GPC3 expression profile with the clinicopathological factors of HCC was analyzed.ResultsGPC3 staining was positive in 75 (79.8%) of the 94 HCC samples.And GPC3 expression was not detected in normal liver tissue adjacent to hepatic hemangioma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, or benign hepatic lesions.GPC3 protein expression in HCCs was correlated with serum alpha-fetoprotein level (P=0.020), tumor encapsulation (P=0.043), and portal vein invasion (P=0.050).ConclusionAnti-human GPC3 mouse monoclonal antibody can specifically detect GPC3 protein expression in hepatocellular carcinomas tissues, which warrants further examination for future clinical application.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of osteopontin (OPN) on the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and to explore the underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from bone marrow by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and EPCs were obtained by differential attachment technique from MNCs after culture for 8 days.The EPCs were identified by morphology observation, flow cytometry and test of the ability to intake the acLDL and bind UEA-1.OPN expression in EPCs was examined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.EPC proliferation was assayed by CCK-8 assay after EPCs were treated with different concentrations of OPN or the inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt (LY294002 and Akt inhibitor).ResultsThe recombinant OPN protein increased EPC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway blocked the influence of OPN on the proliferation of EPCs.ConclusionRecombinant OPN plays an important role in regulating the in vitro proliferation of bone marrow-derived EPCs via PI3K/Akt pathway.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo prove that the interstitial cells of cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker of gallbladder smooth muscle in guinea pigs.MethodsThe contraction of gallbladder was observed by isometric transducer and spontaneous electrophysiology was recorded in vivo and in vitro.ICCs were damaged with methylene and illumination.The ICCs were isolated by collagenase digestion and the morphology of single ICC was analyzed.C-kit expression was detected by laser confocal microscopy to identify the isolated ICCs.Spontaneous currents of ICCs were recorded with EPC-10 Patch Clamp.ResultsSlow wave and action potential were recorded in gallbladder in vivo, with the frequency of slow wave being (58±3.2) bpm (n=16).Methylene blue and illumination treatment led to decrease or disappearance of slow wave and action potentials.Some cells isolated from gallbladder smooth muscle (\[5±1.2\]%, n=12)showed the morphological characteristics of ICCs under light microscope, with (21±4)% of the cells were positive for c-kit.When the membrane potential was at -60 mV, the frequency of spontaneous inward currents was (58.4±3.5) bpm (n=21) and the amplitude was -(72±3.5) pA.ConclusionICC-like cells are present in the gallbladder smooth muscle of the guinea pigs, and participate in the pacemaking of spontaneous current and action potential of gallbladder smooth muscle.

Abstract:Objective To establish a human lung cancer cell line A549 highly expressing human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) by co-transfecting pcDNA 3.1 (+) /Myc-HisA-hOGG1 and PGL3 promoter, and to observe the biological behavior of the transfected cells.Methods PcDNA3.1(+)/Myc-His A-hOGG1 and PGL3 promoter were steadily co-transfected into A549 cells via mediation of Fu GENE 6 (transfected group); untransfected cells served as blank control and cells transfected with PGL3+pcDNA3.1(+)/Myc-HisA served as negative control.The hOGG1 mRNA expression in A549 cells was detected by Bio-luciferase activity and the hOGG1 protein expression by Western blotting analysis.Cells in the three groups were exposed to hyperoxia condition, and the morphological changes were observed by phase-contrast microscope.Comet cell rate and olive tail moment of cells were tested after different exposure periods.After exposure, the cells were incubated for 0, 60, 120, and 180 min, and the same indices were determined by modified comet assay; changes of DNA oxidative damage markers 8-hydroxy-desoxoguanosine (8-OHdG) was tested at the same time. Results The bio-luciferase activity was stable in the co-transfected cells.Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of hOGG1 protein in co-transfected A549-T cells was significantly higher than those in the other two groups, indicating the successful establishment of hOGG1 highly expressing cells.Under the same hyperoxia condition, the morphological changes of transfected cells were greatly alleviated, and the Comet cell rate and olive tail moment of cells were obviously lower than those of the other two groups(P<0.05). Transfected A549-T cells had significantly increased ability of DNA repair and shorter repair time compared with cells in the other two groups(P<0.05). Furthermore, the level of 8-OHdG in transfected A549-T cells was significantly lower than those of the other two groups under the same hyperoxia condition, indicating a significantly higher ability of DNA damage resisting and repair (P<0.05).Conclusion High hOGG1 expression can decrease the cell sensitivity to DNA damage and improve the repair ability of cells.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo examine the influence of ascorbic acid supplementation on mouse model of Candida albicans infection.MethodsMouse models of systemic Candida albicans infection were established by the tail vein injection of Candida albicans suspension and were randomly divided into five groups (n=10).Ascorbic acid was administered by gavage or intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 50 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg.The survival time and renal fungal burden of mice were observed.Renal histopathology specimens were stained by H-E and PAS staining to assess kidney damage.ResultsThe median survival periods of animals in both ascorbic acid supplementation group and blank control group were 4-5 days.The lgCFU/g values were 8.342, 8.412, 7.350, and 7.764 in experimental groups and 7.134 in the blank control group.Supplementation of ascorbic acid had significant influence on renal fungal burden(P<0.05).Kidney histopathology examination showed renal abscess and renal tubule disorders in mice in all groups, indicating that ascorbic acid supplementation did not alleviate Candida albicans infections.ConclusionAscorbic acid supplementation can not improve the condition of systemic Candida albicans infection in mice, and can even exacerbate the condition.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate whether atorvastatin can prevent renal injury in mice independent of the lipid-lowering effects.MethodsCD36-/-SR-A-/-ApoE-/-mice were randomly assigned to a high fat diet (high fat group) and high fat diet plus atorvastatin (atorvastatin) group; male C57BL mice with a chow diet served as controls.Terminal blood samples were taken for plasma cholesterol assay 14 weeks later.Renal sections were used for histological and immunohistochemistry assessments.The lipid accumulation in the kidney was evaluated by Oil Red O (ORO) staining.The mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), collagen Ⅰ and Ⅳ, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were analyzed by real-time PCR.ResultsBlood total cholesterol levels (LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol) were not significantly different between atorvastatin group and high fat group.Meanwhile, ORO staining showed that atorvastatin decreased lipid accumulation in the kidney; Masson and H-E staining demonstrated that atorvastatin therapy attenuated massive structural changes, including mesangial proliferation, interstitial matrix deposition, accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, tubular-interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, and renal deformations with glomerulosclerosis/tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the high fat group.Moreover, atorvastatin therapy not only decreased TGF-β expression at mRNA and protein levels, but also decreased the expression of factors related to fibrosis.ConclusionAtorvastatin can protect the kidney independent of the lipid-lowering effects and SR-A,CD36 receptor pathways, and it might be related to decrease of TGF-beta expression.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the pathological changes of nucleus pulposus(NP)in cervical spondylosis patients and the expression of phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p-p38 MAPK) in NP with the progression of cervical disc degeneration, in an attempt to explore the mechanism behind cervical disc degeneration.MethodsNP specimens were collected from 35 patients with cervical spondylosis, who received surgical treatment during October 2008 to May 2009 in our hospital.The preoperative MRI (T2-weighted midsagittal images) information of all patients was obtained.The 35 cases included 25 males and 10 females, with an age range of 27-82 years.Five specimens were from a single space, 18 from two spaces, and 12 from three spaces; 4 specimens were from C3/4, 12 from C4/5,14 from C5/6, and 5 from C6/7.Nineteen specimens were used for pathology and immunohistochemistry study and 16 for Western blotting analysis.The degrees of disc degeneration were assessed by MRI grading system for cervical intervertebral disc degeneration.The pathological changes of NP of different degeneration grades and the location of p-p38 MAPK in NP were observed, and the relationship between the p-p38 MAPK and the degrees of MRI degeneration was analyzed.ResultsWith the aggravation of discs degeneration, the collagen fibers within NP were increased, thickened, and degraded, forming clusters, and the NP gradually became fibrotic.Phosphorylated p38 MAPK located in the cell nucleus of NP tissues.The positive rate of p-p38 MAPK increased gradually with the aggravation of degeneration, and the expression degrees of p-p38 MAPK (negative, weakly positive, strongly positive) were significantly different between groups of different degeneration degrees(P<0.05).A linear relationship was found between p-p38 MAPK expression and the degeneration degrees of cervical disc:Y=0.423X-0.675 (P<0.05).ConclusionNormal tissues are gradually replaced by fibrotic tissues in degenerated NP.Phosphorylated p38 MAPK is located in the cell nucleus of NP cells; the p-p38 MAPK plays important roles in the cervical intervertebral discs degeneration.Expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK in NP increases with the aggravation of degeneration, suggesting that activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway may be one of the mechanisms for cervical disc degeneration.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the spatiotemporal expression pattern of histone acetyltransferase steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC1) in developing mouse heart, so as to explore the relationship of SRC1 with heart development.MethodsThe normal mouse hearts were collected at E7.5~E18 and 1 day and 3 months after birth; 9 specimens were chosen for each time point to observe the spatial expression of SRC1 by immunohistochemistry technique, and 6 specimens of each time point were used to examine the temporal expression of SRC1 protein by Western blotting technique and to plot the time-dose curve.ResultsImmunohistochemistry showed no expression of SRC1 in the heart primordium at E7.5; only very weak SRC1 expression was found in the cardiac tube at E8.5~E9.5.Weak SRC1 expression was found in the trabeculae after E10.5 and relatively strong and widespread expression was found in other heart regions.Western blotting results demonstrated that SRC1 protein expression at E10.5 was significantly lower than those at E11.5 and E12.5 (P<0.05), and was not significantly different with those of other time points after E10.5 (P>0.05).SRC1 expression reached the peak at E11.5~E12.5, and there was no significant difference between the two time points (P>0.05).SRC1 expression gradually decreased after E11.5~E12.5 till the adulthood, and there were no significant differences in the expression after E13.5 (P>0.05).ConclusionWidespread distribution of SRC1 is present in the developing mouse heart after E8.5, and the expression is in a dynamical spatiotemporal pattern, suggesting that SRC1 may take part in the overall regulation of the heart development, and it might has a closer relationship with the early induction of the heart septa.

Abstract:ectiveTo investigate the expression of ER, PR, HER-2, PCNA and P53 in breast cancer patients in Shanghai and the relevant clinical significance.MethodsExpressions of ER, PR, HER-2, PCNA and P53 in the breast cancer tissues of 544 patients in Shanghai were detected by immunohistochemistry methods.Statistical analysis was applied to analyze the relationship of these immunohistochemical indices with the clinicopathological features of breast cancer.ResultsThe positive rates of ER, PR, HER-2, PCNA and P53 in the breast cancer tissues of 544 patients were 62.2%, 57.2%, 15.1%, 82.6% and 58.5%, respectively.The expressions of ER, PCNA and P53 were correlated with the tumor size (P<0.05, P<0.01).The expressions of HER-2 and PCNA were correlated with axillary lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05, P<0.01).ER expression was positively correlated with PR expression(r=0.452,P=0.000) and PR expression was positively correlated with P53 expression(r=0.520,P=0.03).The 123 (22.6%) patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) had a higher axillary lymphatic positive rate than patients with non-TNBC(P<0.01).Co-expression of HER-2 with PCNA and co-expression of HER-2 with P53 were positively correlated with lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05).ConclusionPopulation aging has a influence on the immunohistochemical characteristics of breast cancer patients patients in Shanghai.Combined examination of ER, PR, HER-2, PCNA and P53 is of clinical significance in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of breast cancer patients.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo assess the value of non-vascular contrast-enhanced ultrasound(oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound, fistula cavity contrast-enhanced ultrasound, etc.) in guiding percutaneous drainage of the upper gastrointestinal fistulas.MethodsThirteen patients with suppurative pleuro-esophageal fistulas following esophagus-anastomosis/Billroth Ⅰ stomach-anastomosis and two patients with gastric fistulas combined with severe infection underwent percutaneous drainage.Before and during the procedure, oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound and fistula cavity contrast-enhanced ultrasound scanning were conducted to identify the position of fistulas, determine the safe approach for a radical catheterization drainage.ResultsThe actual positions of the upper gastrointestinal fistulas in the 13 patients were identified for puncturing after preoperative oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound.Two of the 13 patients did not receive puncturation due to lack of safe approach.During the operation, oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound maintained the fistula cavity enhanced for a long time, ascertaining a safe approach.Fistula cavity contrast-enhanced ultrasound could be used to evaluate the accuracy of percutaneous drainage, ascertain the location of catheter tip for more effective drainage, and estimate the efficacy of interventions.ConclusionNon-vascular contrast-enhanced ultrasound is valuable in guiding percutaneous drainage for upper gastrointestinal fistulas, which makes for the shortcomings of the conventional ultrasonic imaging.

Abstract:tive To evaluate the value of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) in diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the imaging data of 63 patients with pancreatic diseases who underwent IDUS from February 2005 to February 2010.A 20 MHz over-the-guidewire intraductal US catheter probe was used during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP) for further examination of the pancreas.We also compared the results of CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and abdominal ultrasonography in diagnosis of pancreatic diseases, so as to further evaluate the value of IDUS in the clinical diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.ResultsThe accuracies of IDUS in diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (23 cases), pancreatic cancer (10 cases), intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMT, 25 cases), and pancreatic adenoma (4 cases) were 93.7% (59/63), 100.0% (63/63), 90.5% (57/63), and 96.8% (61/63), and the Kappa values were 0.854, 1.00, 0.898, and 0.848, respectively.The diagnostic accuracies and Kappa test values of IDUS were better than those of the other four methods.IDUS correctly diagnosed the pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma in one patient before operation.ConclusionIDUS has a high diagnostic value for pancreatic diseases.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the constituents and metabolites of Radix Saposhnikoviae(RS) in rat plasma and urine by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-TOF/MS), so as to explore the active ingredients and metabolites of RS in vivo.MethodsThe separation was performed on a Angilent Zorbax Extend-C18 (5 μm, 250 mm×4.6 mm id) column, with a methanol-water mobile phase system used for gradient elution.Time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF/MS) was applied for qualitative analysis under positive ion mode.Based on the accurate molecular weight of TOF/MS detection and the compound list of RS established previously, the constituents and metabolites of RS in different matrix in vivo were identified.ResultsSix constituents of RS were identified in the plasma:sucrose, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, nodakenetin, 5-O-methylvisamminol, and 3’-O-i-butyrylhammaudol.Eight constituents were identified in the urine:prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, divaricatacid, cimifugin, 4’-O-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, (3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-8-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,6H-benzo-\[1,2-b:5,4-b’\]dipyran-6-one, 5-O-methylvisamminol, sec-O-β-D-glucosylhammaudol, and wogonin.Two metabolites were identified in the urine:glucuronide of cimifujin and an isomer of it.ConclusionThe present method is reliable and effective for identifying compounds of RS in vivo, and it can provide a reference and evidence for the further pharmacodynamics experiments.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo measure the economies of scope of military hospitals in China.MethodsWe collected the panel data of 2005 to 2007 from 57 military hospitals, based on which we constructed the pooled regression model and time fixed effect regression model.The best cost function model was selected according to the result of hypothesis testing, and the model of economies of scope was constructed according to the conception of economies of scope.Then the parameters were estimated by econometric methods, and the coefficient estimates were used to calculate the economies of scope of hospitals of each category.ResultsThe hypothesis testing results of the two models showed that the pooled regression model was superior to the time fixed effect model.All the military hospitals included in the present study showed economies of scope; the larger and higher level the hospitals, the stronger economies of scope was.ConclusionLarge-scale hospitals can achieve better economies of scope by developing highly relevant main bussiness.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the correlation of seminal plasma free testosterone and free L-carnitine with semen density, vitality, and motility, so as to investigate their effects on male fertility and their roles in the examination and treatment of male infertility.MethodsUsing chemiluminescence immunoassay method, LC-MS-MS and computer-assisted semen analysis system, we examined the seminal levels of free testosterone, free L-carnitine and sperm density, vitality, and motility in 192 infertile males (normozoospermia, n=36; oligozoospermia, n=48; asthenozoospermia, n=60; and oligoasthenozoospermia, n=48). The difference of free testosterone and free L-carnitine levels between different groups was analyzed, and the correlation of their levels with semen density, vitality, and motility was also analyzed using the SPSS 13.0 statistical software.ResultsThe levels of free testosterone and free L-carnitine in the seminal plasma of the normozoospermia men were significantly higher than those of others (P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between seminal free testosterone with the sperm density (r=0.427, P<0.05), seminal free L-carnitine with the sperm density (r=0.318,P<0.01), and seminal free L-carnitine with sperm vitality, motility (r=0.641, P<0.01;r=0.568, P<0.01).ConclusionSeminal free testosterone level is correlated with the sperm density, and seminal free L-carnitine level is correlated with sperm density, motility and vitality; both levels can be taken as a biochemical index for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical effectiveness of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy, so as to provide evidence for its popularization in clinical practice.MethodsThe clinical data of patients who received VATS lobectomy from January 2004 to June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed, so as to screen for the factors influencing the effectiveness of VATS.ResultsA total of 516 patients who received VATS lobectomy at Shanghai Pulmonary Disease Hospital were included in the present study; the patients included 282(54.7%) males and 234(45.3%) females, with an age range of 35-70 years old and a mean of (55.9±8.1)years old.Postoperatively 168 patients (32.6%) were diagnosed as benign diseases and 348 (67.4%) as malignant.Post-operation complications were found in 48 (9.3%) patients and 4 (0.8%) patients died after operation.Twenty-three (4.6%) patients were converted to open thoracotomy during operation.Multivariate analysis showed that the operation time (P=0.025 7, OR=1.015 0, 95% CI 1.001 8-1.028 4 ) was the only factor influencing the postoperative complications.Analysis of 266 non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving VATS lobectomy between January 2004 and December 2008 showed that the 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates were 91.3%, 76.5%, and 54.7%, respectively.ConclusionVATS lobectomy is a safe therapeutic method for pulmonary diseases needing surgical treatment.For patients with lung cancer VATS also has the advantage of mini-invasion, but the patients should be carefully selected.The time of VATS procedure should be controlled to avoid postoperative morbidity.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo construct a model of posterior acetabular defect and evaluate the effect of the reconstructive posterior wall on the contact of the acetabulum and femoral head.MethodsThe entire pelvis and articulated femur were obtained from six fresh adult canine cadavers.Animal models of posterior acetabular defects were developed by removing the 60° arc fragment.Different measures were used to reconstruct the defect areas with iliac crest autograft.The pressure-sensitive films were used to calculate the contact area, the mean pressure and the distribution of the pressure between the acetabulum and femoral head.ResultsThe contact area was smaller after reconstruction of posterior wall compared with that of intact posterior wall.The contact areas were not significantly different between the common reconstruction group and the anatomic reconstruction group under a load of 250 N (P>0.05).The mean contact stress of the anatomic reconstruction group was significantly less than that of the common reconstruction group (P<0.05), indicating the collection of pressure was less than that of the common reconstruction group.ConclusionAnimal models of posterior acetabular defects induced by posterior wall osteotomy can effectively mimic the clinical condition; the anatomic reconstruction of the posterior wall can restore the total contact area and the distribution of the pressure within the acetabulum similar to the normal condition.

Abstract:eTo isolate and identify the chemical constituents in the rhizome of the Petasites japonicus.MethodsDried rhizome of Petasites japonicus were subjected to extraction with EtOH,and the chemical constituents in the extract were isolated and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.ResultsFive compounds were obtained and identified from the rhizome of Petasites japonicus,inlcuding as β-sitoterol(Ⅰ) ,ergosterol (Ⅱ), bakkenolide-B (Ⅲ), bakkenolide-D (Ⅳ) and furanofukinol (Ⅴ).ConclusionCompound(Ⅱ) has been obtained from Petasites japonicus for the first time.

Abstract:Pulsed drug delivery (PDD), which can be released at well-defined time points as the therapy needs, can decrease the frequency and avoid taking drug at night, thus improving patient compliance.Here we introduce three kinds of programmed PDD systems independent of external chemical triggering; they are divided according to the triggering mechanisms:degradation-triggered PDD, osmotic pressure-triggered PDD, and both degradationi and osmotic pressure-triggered PDD.This paper reviews preparing technique, release mechanisms and influencing factors of the three PDD systems.The release profiles of pulsatile PDD can be regulated for different therapeutic needs, requiring no external triggers; especially that the PDD system triggered by both degradation and osmotic pressure has a bright future.

Abstract:GATA3 transcription factor plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of normal breast tissues, and it is also closely related to the tumorigenesis of breast cancer.The roles of GATA3 vary in different breast cancer subtypes.This paper reviews the relationship of GATA3 with normal breast tissue and the tumorigenesis of breast cancer, in an attempt to provide theoretical evidences for future clinical applications of GATA3 in breast cancer.

Abstract:Posterior pedicle fixation-based dynamic stabilization is now densely studied in the non-fusion spine surgery.The method is characterized by the motion preservation of segmental lumbar, avoidance of the stress change after fusion surgery, and adjacent disc degeneration.Posterior pedicle fixation-based dynamic stabilization systems have undergone fast development and are now used for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease.As an innovation of traditional fusion surgery, the clinical evaluation of its efficacy has become a focus of study among spine surgeons.In this paper, we review the recent progress in the clinical efficacy of posterior pedicle fixation-based dynamic stabilization.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the electrochemical behavior of bupivacaine hydrochloride and to establish an electrochemical method for determination of bupivacaine hydrochloride.MethodsThe electrochemical behavior of bupivacaine hydrochloride was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to determine the contents of bupivacaine hydrochloride.ResultsIn a 0.01 mol/L tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) buffer solution, the oxidization peak current on the platinum electrode in the bupivacaine hydrochloride solution was in a good linear relation over a concentration range of 1.0×10-5-2.0×10-4 mol/L, with the r value being 0.995 8, and a detection limit of 1×10-5 mol/L (by DPV).ConclusionOur method is accurate, easy to perform, and with good repeatability, and it can be used to determine bupivacaine hydrochloride content in bupivacaine hydrochloride raw medicine.

Abstract:目的应用基因芯片技术研究黄芩素对白念珠菌基因表达谱的影响。方法实验分黄芩素处理组与空白组,抽提细胞RNA,经杂交、洗涤后,通过计算机扫描分析黄芩素处理组和空白组基因表达谱的差异情况。应用实时定量RT-PCR实验对差异表达基因进行验证。结果共有522个差异表达基因,其中上调基因251个,下调基因271个。差异基因功能主要涉及细胞周期、跨膜物质转运、多药耐药、毒力因子及热休克蛋白等。结论黄芩素作用于白念珠菌后影响了细胞内一系列基因的表达,这些基因的表达可能为从分子水平探讨黄芩素抗真菌作用的分子机制提供基础。

Abstract:目的观察甲状腺相关眼病(thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)患者眼眶结缔组织中共刺激分子CD40/CD40L的表达,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法采用免疫组化检测CD40/CD40L、细胞间黏附分子1(intercellular adhesion molecule 1,ICAM-1)/白细胞功能抗原(1eukocyte function antigen 1,LFA-1)在甲状腺相关眼病患者(n=12)及正常对照(n=8)眼眶组织中的表达情况；原代培养TAO患者及正常对照眼眶成纤维细胞,应用RT-PCR方法检测CD40L刺激后眼眶成纤维细胞合成ICAM-1 mRNA水平的变化。结果TAO患者眼眶结缔组织中可见高表达CD40、ICAM-1的成纤维细胞,大量淋巴细胞浸润并高表达LFA-1；双酶标组化显示CD40阳性表达的成纤维周围浸润CD40L阳性表达的淋巴细胞；ICAM-1阳性眼眶成纤维细胞与LFA-1阳性淋巴细胞以直接接触的形式存在。RT-PCR结果显示,未激活状态TAO组眼眶成纤维细胞ICAM-1 mRNA水平高于正常组(P<0.05)；两组眼眶成纤维细胞经CD40L诱导后ICAM-1 mRNA水平高于未激活状态(P<0.05)；ICAM-1 mRNA表达量与CD40L刺激呈剂量依赖关系。结论CD40/CD40L共刺激分子在TAO患者眼眶结缔组织中高表达,可能在TAO眼眶淋巴细胞浸润及炎症发生、发展中起重要作用。

Abstract:目的检测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者血清骨形成蛋白(BMP)2表达水平的变化,探讨其与病情进展的关系。方法采用ELISA方法检测78例NSCLC患者和22例对照组血清BMP-2含量。结果腺癌组血清BMP-2水平\[(7.54±8.14) ng/ml\]较鳞癌组\[(3.38±1.83) ng/ml,P<0.05\]及对照组\[(2.57±1.03) ng/ml,P<0.01\]升高；远处转移NSCLC患者血清BMP-2水平\[(7.54±8.14) ng/ml\]高于未转移患者\[(3.90± 2.61) ng/ml,P<0.01\]；不同转移部位组间BMP-2水平无统计学差异；化疗前后远处转移患者血清BMP-2水平无统计学变化。结论远处转移的NSCLC患者血清BMP-2水平明显升高,在腺癌中升高明显,提示BMP-2与NSCLC的侵袭转移密切相关。BMP-2水平可能具有预判NSCLC远处转移的潜能。

Abstract:目的对临床常用9种静脉输液药品溶液使用冲管液冲洗输液管,使上下组的药液在输液管内不发生反应,测定冲管所需液体量。方法按临床使用习惯将9种药品配制成11种不同浓度的供试液。应用紫外可见分光光度仪,针对不同药品溶液在特定波长上的最大吸收峰,通过对冲管不同阶段液体光密度的测定,确定使输液管残留药液达到安全浓度所需的液体量。结果在冲管液量为16～25 ml时,81.82%(9/11)的试样光密度均下降至50%以下; 在冲管液量为22～40 ml时,90.91%(10/11)的试样光密度下降95%以下; 在冲管液量为28～85 ml时,所有试样的光密度值与相应冲管液一致。结论40 ml冲管液量能够使输液管内药液达到不发生反应的安全浓度。

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