Abstract:Objective To screen for the effective immunostimulatory sequences from hepatitis C virus(HCV) single strand RNA(ssRNA), and to identify the proteins that can bind to the sequences specifically. Methods Four oligonucleotide sequences (HCV-ORNs) derived from HCV ssRNA were synthesized, and the cytokines induced by them were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), so as to identify the effective immunostimulatory sequences. Then proteins binding to the sequence(s) specifically were identified using improved electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrum (ESI-MS). Results One of the HCV-ORNs, ORNHCVtail, induced higher levels of TNF-α and IFN-α (P<0.01). Totally 83 groups of proteins were identified that can bind to ORNHCVtail; the proteins included TLR3(Toll-like receptor 3), NLRC3(NLR family, CARD domain-containing 3), and NLRC4(NLR family, CARD domain-containing 4). Conclusion We have successfully screened out effective immunostimulatory sequence of HCV ssRNA and the proteins that can bind to the sequence specifically. Our findings in the present study lay a foundation for mechanism research of immunity stimulated by HCV infection.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the starvation-induced autophagy in rat C6 glioma cells and the changes of autophagy-related protein Beclin-1. Methods Rat C6 glioma cells of the logarithmic growth phase were cultured with amino acid-free EBSS medium instead of the DMEM medium. Cells were collected at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 18 h after EBSS culture. Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence were used to detect the specific markers of autophagic microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC-3) and autophagy-related protein Beclin-1, and transmission electron microscope was used to observe the autophagic body. Results LC-3 expression was found in C6 glioma cells 1 h after starvation; the expression increased with the prolongation of starvation, and reached a peak 12 h later and then began to decline. Autophagic bodies were observed under transmission electron microscopy, and autophagosomes were found in immunofluorescence. Beclin-1 expression began to increase in C6 glioma cells 1 h after starvation, reached a peak at 3 h and then decreased gradually. Increased expression of Beclin-1 was also observed by immunofluorescence. Conclusion Starvation can induce autophagy in C6 glioma cells, which is correlated with the expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin-1. This study lays a foundation for studying the autophagy mechanism in glioma cells.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the changes of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity during chronic asthma and its effects on the phenotype and biological activities of airway smooth muscle cells. Methods Chronic asthma model was established with mice using repeated sensitization and challenge with OVA, and the lung was homogenated for total HDAC activity assay. Rat airway smooth muscle cells and human bronchial smooth muscle cells were stimulated with trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor. The effect of HDAC inhibition on phenotype switching was detected by Western Blotting analysis, and its effects on proliferation, migration and contraction of smooth muscle cells were examined by MTT, Transwell and gel contraction, respectively. Results The total HDAC activity was significantly decreased in chronic asthmatic mice compared with saline-treated controls (\[0.371±0.054\] vs \[0.603±0.034\] μmol/(L·μg), P<0.01). Incubation of the rat trachea ring and human bronchial smooth muscle cells with TSA (0.5 μmol/L) for 12-24 h increased the expression of α-sm-actin and SM22-α. TSA significantly decreased cell number after 24 h treatment (\[1.719±0.044)×104 vs (\[1.911±0.048\]×104, P<0.05) and 48 h \[1.808±0.009\]×104 vs \[2.537±0.01\]×104, P<0.05) compared with DMSO controls. TSA treatment for 24 h also significantly decreased the migrated cells compared with the PDGF-treated cells(52±7.5 vs 88±7.632, P<0.05). Furthermore, the gel contraction rate was significantly lower in the TSA-treated cells than in the DMSO or PDGF-treated cells(\[9.885±7.084\]% vs \[44.844±3.808\]% and \[41.315±7.943\]%, P<0.05). Conclusion HDAC activity is decreased in the lung of chronic asthmatic mice, which may be related to switching of the airway smooth muscle cells to a “contractic” phenotype, but with no increase of their contraction capability.

Abstract:Objective To study the effect of hydrogen-containing preservation solution against oxidative stress and inflammatory damage of rat donor heart.Methods Thirty-two SD rats were evenly randomized into four groups(n=8): control group (the hearts were protected by HTK solution), H1 group (hydrogen concentration was about 0.2 mmol/L in the HTK solution), H2 group (hydrogen concentration was about 0.4 mmol/L in the HTK solution) and H3 group (hydrogen concentration was about 0.8 mmol/L in the HTK solution). The rat hearts were harvested in all groups and were mounted on the Langendorff apparatus to estimate baseline hemodynamic values. All the hearts underwent hypothermic (4℃) storage for 6 h in the corresponding cardioprotective solutions. Then, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondiadehyd (MDA) contents in myocardium tissues were measured after reperfusion by xanthine oxidase method and TBA method, respectively. The levels of 8-hydroxydeoxygunosine, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the myocardium tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The MDA levels in H1, H2, and H3 groups were lower than that in the control group 6 h after preservation (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the SOD activities in H2, H3 groups were higher than that in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The levels of 8-hydroxydeoxygunosine, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the control group were higher than those in H1, H2, and H3 groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion Hydrogen-containing preservation solution can relieve the oxidative damage and reduce production of inflammation factors during preservation of rat donor heart.

Abstract:Objective To explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE). Methods EAE models were induced with MOG35-55 peptide in 60 mice and all animals were ovarectomized. The model animals were then divided into treatment group and control group (n=30). Treatment group was treated with SERM. The clinical symptom scores were compared between the two groups. The pathologic changes of the brain and spinal cord were studied by H-E staining and luxol fast blue(LFB)-HE staining. The expressions of MMP-9, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-4 mRNA and protein were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. Western blotting analysis was used to analyze the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) so as to analyze the demyelination status.Results Clinical symptom scores and incidence of EAE in the treatment group were improved compared with those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). H-E staining showed that infiltration of inflammatory cells was decreased in the treatment group (P<0.05). LFB-H-E staining and Western blotting analysis showed that the demyelination was improved in the treatment group (P<0.05). The results of quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA showed that the expression of MMP-9,TNF-α, and IFN-γ were decreased and the expression of IL-4 was increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion SERM can alleviate the inflammation symptom in EAE mice through decreasing MMP-9, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and increasing IL-4 expression.

Abstract:Objective To study the effect of hyperglycemia on uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA expression in mouse brain microvessel endothelial cell line bEnd.3, and to investigate the regulatory effect of resveratrol on the expression.Methods Mouse bEnd.3 cells were cultured in vitro.The mRNA levels of UCP1-5 in bEnd.3 cells were determined by RT-PCR after exposure to different concentrations of glucose(5.5、25 mmol/L) and resveratrol (25 μmol/L).Results We found that exposure to 25 mmol/L glucose for 24 h up-regulated the expression of UCP4 and UCP5 mRNA levels (P<0.05), but had no noticeable influence on the expression of UCP1 and UCP2 mRNA levels. Resveratrol increased UCP5 mRNA levels under baseline and hyperglycemia conditions (P<0.05), and it decreased reactive oxygen specices(ROS) induced by hyperglycemia condition (P<0.05).Conclusion High glucose stimulation can specifically up-regulate UCP4 and UCP5 mRNA expression in mouse brain microvessel endothelial cells. Resveratrol can greatly decrease ROS production induced by hyperglycemia condition and up-regulate UCP5 mRNA expression.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced preterm delivery by analyzing the CD86 and CD69 expression in lymphocyte subgroups of mice. Methods LPS was administered intraperitoneally to establish a mouse model of preterm delivery, with or without TLR4 blockade. The incidences of preterm delivery and fetal death were calculated in each group (LPS group, TLR4 blockade group, and control group). The percentages of blood CD45+CD86+, CD3+CD69+, CD19+CD69+ and CD49b+CD69+ subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Results The incidences of preterm delivery and fetal death in LPS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (50.0% \[8/16\] vs 0\[0/16\]; 11.0%\[9/82\] vs 3.1%\[5/163\], P<0.01 or 0.05). The incidences of preterm delivery(6.3%\[1/16\]) and fetal death (3.9%\[6/154\]) in the TLR4 blockade group were significantly lower than those in the LPS group (P<0.01 or 0.05). TLR4 blockade almost completely abrogated LPS-induced increase of CD45+CD86+, CD3+CD69+ and CD49b+CD69+ cell proportions (P<0.01). Conclusion Interaction between LPS and its receptor TLR4 triggers the mobilization of CD86+ dendritic cells, which subsequently activates blood T cells and NK cells and plays an important role in preterm delivery.

Abstract:

Abstract:Objective To observe the changes of non-alcoholic fatty liver related indices in diet-induced obesity-resistant rats and diet-induced obesity rats. Methods A total of 140 male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=20, normal diet for 8 weeks) and model group (n=120, high fat diet for 8 weeks). The rats of model group were further divided into 2 groups: O-N (obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver) and OR-N (obesity-resistance with non-alcoholic fatty liver) groups. The rats with body mass higher than mean +1.96 folds standard deviation were included in O-N group and those with body mass lower than mean +1.0 fold standard deviation were included in OR-N group. The animals with the top 20 weight gains in the O-N group and those with the least 20 weight gains in OR-N group were used in the present study. The general conditions and weight changes of rats were dynamically observed for 8 weeks. Eight rats were sacrificed in each group at the end of the 8th week and the following indices were compared among the three groups,including serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin sensitivity index(ISI), leptin, energy utilization and body fat ratio. The pathological changes of liver tissues were observed by H-E staining. Results The weight difference of rats in the O-N group and the OR-N group gradually increased; at the end of the 8th week, the weight of rats in O-N group was significantly higher than those in the OR-N group and the normal control group(P<0.01). The serum levels of ALT, TG, and leptin were significantly increased in both O-N and OR-N groups (P<0.05,P<0.01). The TC, TG, leptin levels and energy utilization in O-N group were significantly higher than those in OR-N group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The HDL and ISI levels in the O-N group were significantly lower than those in the OR-N and normal control groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). Light microscopy showed a great number of fat vacuoles in the liver cells of O-N and OR-N groups. Conclusion High fat diets can induce SD rat to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver with obesity and obesity-resistance.Increase in serum leptin and ISI may play a role in resisting diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver of rats.

Abstract:Objective To optimize the culture condition for porcine bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), so as to lay a foundation for future study. Methods Bone marrow was collected from porcine ilium (n=5). Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were separated by density centrifugation and were induced to differentiate into EPCs in vitro. The influences of different cell inoculation densities (2×103/cm2, 5×103/cm2, 1×104/cm2, and 2×104/cm2), basic medium (EGM, medium 199, and DMEM), FBS (5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), and combinations of cytokines (vascular endothelial growth factor \[VEGF\]+basic fibroblast growth factor \[bFGF\], VEGF+stromal-derived factor \[SDF\], VEGF+bFGF+SDF, VEGF+bFGF+insulin-like growth factor \[IGF\]+epidermal growth factor \[EGF\], and VEGF+bFGF+SDF+IGF) on the proliferation and migration of EPCs were evaluated. EPCs were identified by morphology observation, fluorescent staining, and immunohistochemical method. Results EPCs with the highest proliferation and migration ability were obtained under following condition: at a density of 1×104/cm2 in M199 medium supplemented with 10% FBS and VEGF+bFGF+SDF+IGF. Furthermore, the percentage of double positive cells stained by Dil-ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-1 was higher than 76%, and these cells were also positively stained for CD133, CD34 and KDR immunohistochemically. Conclusion Optimization of in vitro culture condition of porcine EPCs can increase the cell amount and improve their functions, paving a way for future related studies.

Abstract:Objective To explore an ideal method for culturing autologous chondrocytes while maintaining their cartilaginous phenotype by combining monolayer culture with three-dimensional culture. Methods Chondrocytes were cultured by routine monolayer culture method, then the chondrocytes of fourth passage were seeded into alginate beads for three-dimensional culture following standard protocols. The cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope at predefined time points. The cell viability and proliferation were tested by trypan blue and LIVE/DEADR ○ Kit, respectively. And extracellular matrix formation was examined by toluidine blue staining. Results The cartilaginous phenotype of chondrocytes could only be maintained by passage 2 and 3 after monolayer culture. Three-dimensional culture could gradually regain and maintain the cartilaginous phenotype of de-differentiated chondrocytes (P4). Cells of P1-3 by monolayer culture could maintain 90% activity, which decreased from P4.The cytoactivity of cells by three-dimensional culture method was always above 90%. The total doubling rate till P6 by monolayer culture (28 days) was 44 times that by three-dimensional culture. The staining intensity of cartilaginous extracellular matrix was significantly decreased after P4 by monolayer culture (P<0.05). For three-dimensional method, the staining intensities of cartilaginous extracellular matrix at day 21 and 28 were significantly higher than that at day 7(P<0.05). Conclusion Monolayer culture allows proper proliferation of chondrocytes, and following three-dimensional culture in alginate beads can regain the cartilaginous phenotype of chondrocytes, thus achieving the aim of both amplification and maintenance of the cartilaginous phenotype.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacies of heart rate (HR), mean artery pressure (MAP),central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) and stroke volume variation (SVV) in assessing low stroke volume index (SVI) caused by volume deficiency in major non-cardiac surgeries. Methods Twelve patients undergoing sacral or retroperitoneal tumor resection were enrolled in this study. After induction and onset of mechanical ventilation, radial artery was cannulated and connected to FloTrac for BP and SVV monitoring. Swan-Ganz catheter was placed via internal jugular vein into the pulmonary artery for CVP,PAWP, and SVI monitoring. HR, MAP, CVP, PAWP, SVV, and SVI were recorded every 30 min. If phenylephrine was injected within 5 min before the time point for data-record, the record should be postponed to 5 min after the injection. If vasoconstrictor or cardiotonic was injected intravenously and continuously to keep the normal blood pressure, the data-record in this patient should be stopped then, otherwise it should be stopped when the concentration of sevoflurane was turned lower at the end stage of the operation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of HR, MAP, CVP, PAWP, and SVV were made according to a low stroke volume which was less than 25 ml/m2 and AUC(area under curve) were counted. Results The AUC of SVV for assessment of a low SVI was 0.837, while AUC of HR, MAP, CVP and PAWP were 0.615, 0.647, 0.623, and 0.658, respectively. The highest Youden’s index was at the point when SVV was 9.5% in its ROC curve, with a sensitivity of 82.4% and specificity of 74.6%. Conclusion SVV is a middle-level effective variable to assess the abnormally low SVI caused by volume deficiency, while HR, MAP, CVP and PAWP have a low efficacy for the same assessment.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the role of 3-phase contrast-enhanced multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) in observing blood vessel invasion around the pancreas before operation and its value in assessing the resectibility of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods The 3-phase contrast-enhanced MDCT scanning images of 25 patients with pancreatic carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. The intensity difference in 3-phase contrast-enhanced MDCT scanning images between pancreatic carcinoma and normal pancreas and the involvement of major blood vessel were analyzed; the results were compared with those of operative finding. Results Seventeen patients had pancreatic carcinomas at the head of pancreas, six at the body of pancreas, and two at the tail of pancreas. The diameters of pancreatic carcinomas were ≤2 cm in two patients, and the others with diameter ＞2 cm. All the 25 patients were surgically treated, 12 receiving pancreaticoduodenectomy and 13 receiving palliative surgery. Four (9 blood vessels)patients were misdiagnosed as unresectable and 3 (8 blood vessels)as resectable. The arterial phase of MDCT was helpful for observation of the blood vessel involvement and for performing computed tomographic arteriography (CTA), which can better assess the tumor invasion of arteries around the pancreas. The largest intensity difference between normal pancreas and pancreatic carcinomas was found during the pancreatic phase, making it easier to discover pancreatic carcinoma. The largest intensity difference between liver and metastatic tumor was found in the liver phase, making it easier for qualitative diagnosis. Conclusion Three phase contrast-enhanced scanning with MDCT has great value for diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and for assessment of major blood vessel involvement. MDCT, together with other criteria, can help to assess the resectibility of tumor before operation.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the role of folic acid supplementation in prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence. Methods We conducted computer search of the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trails, Pubmed, Embase, CBMdisc and CNKI. Hand search of relevant journals and conference proceedings was also conducted. Based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomized controlled trials(RCT) about folic acid in treatment of patients after adenoma resection were included in the present study. After evaluating the quality of studies, meta-analyses were performed by RevMan 5.0.24 software for the pooled recurrence risks of colorectal adenoma and progressive colorectal adenoma. Results A total of 6 RCT studies, including 2,002 patients, were enrolled in this study. The results of meta-analysis showed that the recurrence risks of colorectal adenomas were not significantly different between folic acid supplementation and placebo groups \[RR=0.97, 95%CI(0.79, 1.19), P=0.76\]; but there were significant differences in the risks of progressive adenomas between the two groups\[RR=1.33, 95%CI(1.01, 1.74), P=0.04\]; and this effect of folic acid supplementation appeared when 1 mg/d folic acid supplementation was applied for ≥3 years \[RR=1.49, 95%CI(1.07, 2.09), P=0.02\]. Conclusion Folic acid supplementation fails to reduce the risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence, and it might increase the recurrence risk of advanced adenoma.

Abstract:Objective To compare the chromatographic profiles and contents of three flavonoid aglycone equivalents (quercetin, genistein, and kaempferol) in the fruits of Sophora japonica var. pendula Loud. and the authentic Fructus sophorae, so as to provide a theoretical basis for using the fruit of Sophora japonica var. pendula Loud. as a substitute for Fructus sophorae. Methods The fruits of Sophora japonica var. pendula Loud. were collected from different areas of Shijiazhuang in Winter. The flavonoids in the fruits were extracted by successive extraction with methanol. The acidic-hydrolyzed extracts were separated on a Diamonsil C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). 0.4% phosphoric acid-methanol (5050, V/V) was used as mobile phase. The flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min and the effluents were monitored at 360 nm. Results The chromatographic profiles of the two fruit extracts were consistent basically. The contents of quercetin, genistein, and kaempferol in the fruits of Sophora japonica var. pendula Loud. were (0.30±0.07)%, (3.04±0.27)%, and (2.74±0.30)%, respectively, which were similar to those in the authentic Fructus sophorae. Conclusion It is found that the contents of major flavonoid aglycones in the fruit of Sophora japonica var. pendula Loud. are similar to those in the authentic Fructus sophorae, making it a potential substitute for the Fructus sophorae.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the applicability of portable Raman spectroscopy for fast identification of counterfeit hypoglycemic agents. Methods The Raman spectra of 6 hypoglycemic agents, their corresponding reference standards and 12 common pharmaceutical excipients were detected by BW&Tek i-Raman portable spectrometer. The spectra were analyzed by three algorithms, namely, the minimized summation of first derivative of subtraction spectra algorithm, local straight-line screening (LSLS) algorithm, and modified LSLS (MLSLS) algorithm. Results Among the three algorithms, MLSLS algorithm showed the best performance, with the total sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and efficiency being 96.77%, 97.20%, 99.29%, and 96.02%, respectively. Conclusion The MLSLS algorithm, which is based on infrared spectroscopy, can be adapted to identify suspected counterfeit drugs based on portable Raman spectroscopy.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple primary hypopharyngeal cancer and thoracic esophageal cancer. Methods Seven male patients with multiple primary hypopharyngeal cancer and thoracic esophageal cancer underwent surgical treatment during Jan. 2002 to Jan. 2008. Their clinical data, including the adjuvant examination method, clinical staging, pathological types, and operative methods, postoperative complications, and long-term outcomes, were retrospectively analyzed. Results Six patients were confirmed to have the disease before operation, and one patient was pathologically confirmed after operation. All patients had squamous cell carcinoma, with all the thoracic esophageal lesions and four hypopharyngeal lesions being well-differentiated, and three hypopharyngeal lesions being moderately differentiated. All cases underwent total laryngectomy, total hypopharyngectomy and total esophagectomy, and were reconstructed with gastropharyngostomy. There was no perioperative death and the swallowing function recovered satisfactorily after operation in all cases. One patient had postoperative pleural effusion and one had postoperative wound infection, which were cured after conservative treatment. All patients were followed up. One patient survived tumor-free for five years, two patients died two years after operation due to recurrence, and one died 10 months after operation due to local recurrence and bleeding. Conclusion Multiple primary hypopharyngeal cancer and thoracic esophageal cancer have similar characteristics, and various adjuvant examinations should be used routinely to avoid missed diagnosis. Total hypopharyngectomy and total esophagectomy combining reconstruction with gastropharyngostomy are easy to perform; they can be the first choice for the condition.

Abstract:Objective To preliminarily assess the clinical value of HPHJ-A video laryngoscope. Methods Sixty patients who were to undergo general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation were managed with HPHJ-A video laryngoscope. Two investigators each performed 30 intubations, and the following data were observed and recorded: the Cormack-Lehane grades for exposure of glottis, intubation time, intubation attempts, and intubation-caused injuries such as oropharyngeal mucosa injuries and (or) the teeth injury by two laryngoscopes. Results HPHJ-A video laryngoscope improved the view of the larynx in 23 patients, i.e. 13 patients from grade Ⅱ to grade Ⅰ, 7 from grade Ⅲ to grade Ⅱ, one from grade Ⅳ to grade Ⅲ, and two from grade Ⅳ to grade Ⅱ. HPHJ-A video laryngoscope improved the view of the larynx in 23 of the 26 cases who underwent a standard Macintosh blade. Fifty-three patients were successfully intubated at the first attempt and 7 patients at the second attempts. No patients had noticeable adverse events or mucosal and(or) tooth damage. Conclusion Compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, HPHJ-A video laryngoscope provides a better glottic view, and it is easier to perform, greatly improving the intubation condition and benefiting the clinical anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pulmonary embolism(PE) after hepatectomy in patients with hepatic tumors, and to summarize our experience on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the condition. Methods From Jan.2005 to Dec. 2009, a total of 13,054 person-times with hepatic tumor underwent hepatectomy in our hospital, and 4 cases developed PE after hepatectomy. The clinical characteristics, pathogenic mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of the 4 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results The incidence of PE was 0.03％ after hepatectomy in the present cohort. PE developed from day 2 to day 6 after hepatectomy; the symptoms included shortness of breath, cyanosis, chest distress, cardiopalmus, sudden death, and decrease of oxygen partial pressure(PaO2) and saturation of blood oxygen(SaO2). One (25%) of the 4 patients died. Conclusion PE is a serious complication after hepatectomy for hepatic tumor. Emergent chest X-ray and D-Dimer examination can make early and clear diagnosis; the condition should be managed once it is confirmed.

Abstract:Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of baicalin and wogonoside contents in Xiaochaihu decoction. Methods Decoction pieces were mixed and decocted with water. The chromatographic column was Agilent Zorbax XDB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm); the mobile phase was composed of 0.2% phosphate acid-water(A) and acetonitrile (B) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 275 nm, the temperature of column was 25℃, and the injection volume was 15 μl. Results Baicalin and wogonoside were separated at baseline within 30 min with good linearity; the standard curves for baicalin and wogonoside were Y=44.16X-36.22 (r=0.999,9) and Y=52.08X-28.69(r=0.999,9), respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were both less than 1%, and the limits of qualification were 0.615,6 μg/ml for baicalin and 0.220,8 μg/ml for wogonoside. The recovery rates (n=6) were 95.73% (RSD=0.8%) for baicalin and 97.02% (RSD=1.56%) for wogonoside. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, stable, and reliable in determining the contents of baicalin and wogonoside in Xiaochaihu decoction, and it can be used for the quality control of this preparation.

Abstract:Neuronal pentraxin Ⅱ (NPTX2) is a member of neuronal pentraxin family, but its distribution is not limited to the nervous system. Recent studies have shown that NPTX2 is associated with a number of diseases, including malignant gliomas, Parkinson’s disease, narcolepsy, drug addiction, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer. This article reviews the roles of NPTX2 in diseases of the nervous system and other systems.

Abstract:The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the key step for liver fibrogenesis and progression. Increasing clinical and experimental studies suggest that hepatic fibrosis is reversible. One of the major manifestations for reduction of fibrosis is the decrease of activated HSCs. Thus, how to clear the activated hepatic stellate cells has become a focus of study on treatment of hepatic fibrosis. By now there have been two potential pathways for reduction of activated HSCs: reversal of the phenotype of HSCs and apoptosis. This paper reviews the anti-hepatic fibrosis strategies based on the clearance of activated HSCs.

Abstract:The etiology and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) remain unclear. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ),a Th1-type cytokine, may be involved in the pathogenesis and inflammatory process of SLE. This article reviews reports on the serum IFN-γ of SLE patients and mouse SLE models, in vitro secreted IFN-γ, expression of IFN-γ induced protein and IFN-γ related genes, and treatment with traditional Chinese medicines.

Abstract:Multiple myeloma is a multi-step disease, and different steps have different sensitivities to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Low sensitivity can result in recurrent and refractory multiple myeloma.The growth of myeloma cells, apoptosis inhibition and drug resistance depend on the participation of immunomodulatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factors, such as IL-6 and VEGF.Thalidomide, an effective drug for multiple myeloma, has both anti-angiogenesis effect and immunoregulatory function; but long term use of thalidomide can result in complications such as deep venous thrombosis.Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs)are more effective thalidomide analogues and they have become a focus of study.IMiDs have anti-angiogenesis effect; they can co-stimulate T cell subgroup, induce cytokine production, and increase the quality and quantity of NK cells, exerting cytotoxic effect against tumor cells via antibody dependent manner.This article reviews the mechanism of IMiDs in treatment of multiple myeloma and the preliminary result of the clinical trails.

Abstract:的 探讨中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)抑制剂西维来司钠对体外循环(CPB)中犬缺血再灌注损伤心肌线粒体功能的保护作用。方法 12只犬随机分为对照组(C组,n=6)和西维来司钠组(S组,n=6),建立CPB心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。S组于CPB前静脉注射西维来司钠(40 mg/kg),C组静脉注射等量生理盐水。分别于CPB前、阻断主动脉60 min和开放主动脉60 min时,测定血浆NE、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度以及心肌线粒体三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平、线粒体肿胀度(MSD)和线粒体含量。于CPB前和开放主动脉30、60 min时测定血流动力学指标。结果 S组在阻断主动脉60 min和开放主动脉60 min时ATP、SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC、MSD和线粒体含量均高于C组(P＜0.01),而NE、IL-1β、TNF-α、MDA和MPO均低于C组(P＜0.01)。与CPB前相比,开放循环后C组CO、CI和SV均下降(P＜0.01)；S组在开放30 min时CO、CI和SV均降低(P＜0.05),在开放60 min时CO、CI和SV均恢复至CPB前水平。开放循环期间S组CO、CI和SV均高于同期C组(P＜0.01)。结论 西维来司钠可明显提高犬缺血再灌注损伤心肌线粒体抗氧化能力,改善心肌能量代谢。

Abstract:目的 研究c-myc基因在胆囊癌侵袭和转移中的作用及其机制。方法 采用实时定量PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测亲代和高转移胆囊癌细胞系中c-myc基因表达,设计靶向c-myc的干扰性小RNA(siRNA)转染高转移的胆囊癌细胞,体外Transwell实验研究c-myc siRNA对胆囊癌高转移细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响。通过蛋白质印迹法检测转染c-myc siRNA后c-myc下游部分信号通路的变化。结果 高转移细胞中c-myc基因表达高于亲代细胞,转染c-myc siRNA后,c-myc的表达在转录和翻译水平均降低。同时GBC-SD/M3细胞的转移和侵袭能力受到抑制。对c-myc下游信号通路的检测发现LIN28的表达下调。结论 c-myc在高转移的胆囊癌细胞中表达上调；通过siRNA下调其表达后可以抑制胆囊癌细胞的转移和侵袭,这种抑制作用可能与LIN28的下调有关。

Abstract:目的 建立比较分子力场分析法(CoMFA)和比较分子相似性指数分析法(CoMSIA)模型,研究茚并异喹啉酮类化合物对前列腺癌细胞DU-145增殖抑制活性的三维定量构效关系。方法 选取63个文献报道的茚并异喹啉酮类化合物,采用CoMFA和CoMSIA方法进行研究。在CoMFA研究中,系统考察了分子取向与网格平移对q2值的影响,并基于得到的最优q2值结果,考察了网格点步长对统计结果的影响；在CoMSIA研究中,系统考察了各种分子场组合、网格点步长和衰减因子对模型统计结果的影响。结果 衰减因子为0.35,网格点步长为0.15 nm 时,仅用疏水场就可以得到最佳模型,所建立CoMFA和CoMSIA模型的交叉验证系数q2值分别为0.630和0.635,都具有较强的预测能力。结论 CoMFA和CoMSIA模型的三维等值线图直观地解释了该类化合物的构效关系,阐明了化合物结构中各位置取代基对前列腺癌细胞DU-145增殖抑制活性的影响,为进一步结构优化以提高抗前列腺癌活性提供了重要的理论依据。

Abstract:目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者(T2DM)和糖调节受损(IGR)患者血清烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(Nampt)的特征及其与肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)的关系。方法 入选本院内分泌科连续6个月间新诊断尚未接受降糖药物治疗的70例T2DM患者、42例IGR患者,测定并分析血清Nampt和TNFα水平与54例健康对照者的差异,分析各组血清Nampt水平与TNFα、人体测量参数和代谢参数之间的关系。结果 血清Nampt和TNFα水平在T2DM组、IGR组与健康对照组的差异无统计学意义；Nampt水平在T2DM非肥胖亚组高于健康对照非肥胖亚组(P<0.05),在IGR和健康对照腹型肥胖亚组高于对应非腹型肥胖亚组(P均<0.05),在T2DM和IGR总组与TNFα无线性相关,在IGR和健康对照腹型肥胖亚组则与TNFα呈线性负相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),在IGR总组、IGR和T2DM非腹型肥胖亚组与糖化血红蛋白线性正相关(分别为P<0.01,P<0.05和P<0.05)。结论 初发T2DM患者、IGR患者血清Nampt和TNFα与健康者无差异。非肥胖糖代谢紊乱者血清Nampt水平与糖化血红蛋白正相关；不伴或伴有轻度糖代谢紊乱的腹型肥胖者血清Nampt水平与TNFα水平负相关。

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