Abstract:ObjectiveTo generate monoclonal antibodies against novel zinc finger protein ZBTB45 of mouse for in vitro and in vivo immunoassay of the protein, so as to contribute to the study on its biological functions. MethodsMulti-epitope antigen of ZBTB45 was prepared by prokaryotic fusion expression and was used to immunize BALB/c mice, and then the splenocytes of mice were fused with the myeloma cells. The resultant fused cells were subjected to screening culture, ELISA assay and subcloning by limited dilution to establish monoclonal hybridomas secreting anti-ZBTB45 antibody. The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography with protein A column from the ascites of hybridoma-bearing mice, and was tested by Western blotting analysis, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry. ResultsWe successfully established 6 cell lines of monoclonal hybridoma secreting anti-ZBTB45 antibody, of which monoclonal antibodies 3E5, 2G4, 4D2, and 1D4 were applicable for Western blotting analysis and immunoprecipitation, and 3E5, 6D8, and 8E3 were applicable for detecting endogenous ZBTB45 by immunohistochemistry, with a satisfying sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionWe have for the first time successfully generated monoclonal antibodies against mouse ZBTB45, which are applicable in various immunoassays for ZBTB45 both in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of fenazinel dihydrochloride (FD) against stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). MethodsSeven-week old male SHRSP were fed with NaCl 1 g/d to induce stroke. Meanwhile, FD was injected intraperitoneally at 1, 3, and 10 mg/(kg·d). The stroke onset time, survival period after stroke, and neuronic deficit score after stroke were observed. ResultsFD delayed the onset of stroke in SHRSP and prolonged the survival of the animals. Furthermore, low and medium doses FD also improved the neuronal deficit score after stroke. ConclusionOur data suggest that FD has protective effect in SHRSP.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of lorsartan on rat model of atherosclerosis. MethodsTotally 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided to three different groups: control group, model group(high lipid+Vitamin D overload+endothelium injury), and treatment group(high lipid+Vitamin D overload+endothelium injury+lorsartan). Rat model of atherosclerosis was established by high lipid plus Vitamin D overload plus baloon angioplasty-induced endothelium injury, and animals in the treatment group were models treated with lorsartan. After 90 days the blood samples were drawn to examine the serum lipids and calcium, H-E staining was used to observe the structure changes of thoracic aorta, and immunohistochemistry assay was used to observe CD68 and α-actin expression in the thoracic aorta. To study the relationship between AngⅡ and severity of AS, radio-immunity analysis was used to assay AngⅡ in each group,with the thickness of intima used as the index of AS severity. ResultsThe serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-C and serum calcium in model and treatment groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the model group had a thicker intima and thinner media. Compared with model group, the treatment group had a significantly thinner intima and thicker media (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that CD68 was negative in the control group, strongly positive in the model group and weakly positive in the treatment group. Compared with model group, α-actin positive level was higher in the treatment group. The serum AngⅡ levels were not significantly different between the three groups. AngⅡ level in the thoracic aorta tissue in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group and higher than that in the model group (P<0.05). AngⅡ level in the thoracic aorta tissue was positively related with the intima thickness (P<0.01). ConclusionLorsartan has anti-atherosclerosis effect in rats.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of 17β-estrodial on vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in pre-osteoblasts and the involvement of MAPK signal pathway in the process. MethodsMC3T3-E1 subclone 14 cells were cultured in phenol-red free medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Serum free medium was used when the cells were experimentally treated. After the cells were treated with 17β-estrodial for pre-determined time periods, expressions of vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA and protein were determined by SYBR green-based quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively; and the activation of MAPK in MC3T3-E1 cells was examined by Western blotting analysis. Then the changes of VDR mRNA and protein in MC3T3-E1 cells were detected after the cells were treated with MAPKs inhibitors and 17β-estrodial. ResultsVDR mRNA and protein were upregulated in MC3T3-E1 cells after treatment with 17β-estrodial for 72 h. ERK/MAPK signal in MC3T3-E1 cells was activated within 15 min after treatment with 17β-estrodial and the activation remained for 60 min; but it did not activate JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. 17β-estrodial-induced VDR upregulation in MC3T3-E1 cells could be partly inhibited by ERK/MAPK inhibitor U0126. Conclusion17β-estrodial can upregulate VDR expression in osteoblasts and can rapidly activate MAPK signal pathway, which is involved in the estrogen-induced upregulation of VDR.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo establish a paclitaxel-resistant BNX mouse model of human lung carcinoma, so as to provide evidences for studying chemoresistant mechanism and for screening of the reversal drugs in vivo. MethodsThe resistant model was produced by repeating a crossover subcutaneous injection of human lung cancer A549-Taxol cells and transplantation of tumor fragment into immune deficiency mice, so as to increase the tumor forming rate of A549-Taxol cells and shorten the tumor forming time. The expressions of GST-π, P-gp170 and MMP-7 were examined by immunohistochemical staining. The chemosensitivities of tumor cells to Taxol were tested and IC50 was measured by MTT. ResultsTumor niduses were observed subcutaneously in SCID mice 4 months after injection of A549-Taxol cells, and then the tumor fragment or the tumor cells suspension were injected to SCID mice again. After 3 times of crossover injection, the tumor cells grew faster and tumor niduses were formed 2 months after injection. The same procedure was done in BNX mice. Finally, we achieved a successful rate of 80% in tumor implantation in BNX mice; the tumor niduses could be formed in 3 weeks. P-gp170,GST-π and MMP-7 expression was higher in the experiment group than that in the A549 control group. IC50 value of paclitaxel for A549-Taxol cells was 520 folds that of A549 cells. ConclusionWe have successfully established paclitaxel-resistant lung carcinoma model in mice, which provides a new platform for further study on chemoresistant reversal strategy and individualized clinical treatment.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the infection status of Helicobacter pylori(HP) in gastric cancer patients and to explore its relationship with the clinical characteristics of gastric cancer. MethodsParaffin sections of surgical specimens from 794 patients who underwent gastrectomy in Changzheng Hosptial or Changhai Hosptial were detected with the modified Giemsa staining to identify the status of HP infection. The association of HP infection status with the clinicopathological features was analyzed by Chi-square test. The relationship between HP infection status and prognosis of gastric patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and proportional hazard regression model. ResultsHP infection was significantly associated with Lauren classification, differentiation degree, and lymph-node metastases of gastric cancer (P<0.05). The median survival time of the HP positive patients (68.5 months) was significantly longer than that of HP negative patients (36.4 months) (P=0.003). For patients undergoing curative surgeries, those with HP infection had a better prognosis compared with those without HP infection (P=0.034). For patients with intestinal-type gastric cancer, those without HP infection had a poorer prognosis compared with those with HP infection (P=0.006); there were no differences in patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer (P=0.922). ConclusionOur results indicate that HP infection status is not an independent factor for prognosis of gastric cancer patients. HP positive patients with intestinal-type gastric cancer may have a better prognosis.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo detect the protein expression of SHH and its downstream transcriptional factor GLI1 in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and to investigate the roles of SHH and GLI1 in the development and carcinogenesis of PJS polyps. MethodsImmunohistochemical (IHC) staining was employed to detect the expression and localization of SHH and GLI1 protein in 20 PJS polyp samples, 25 adenomatous polyp tissues, 25 colon adenocarcinoma samples, and 20 normal intestinal mucosal tissues. ResultsIHC revealed that SHH protein and GLI1 protein were mainly localized on cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, and the nuclear staining of GLI1 protein in the colon adenocarcinoma was increased. The expression of the two proteins gradually increased in order in the normal intestinal mucosa, PJS polyp, adenomatous polyp, and colon adenocarcinoma(P<0.001). Spearman rank correlation showed that SHH expression was significantly correlated with GLI1 expression in PJS polyp(rp=0.503,P=0.024) . ConclusionSHH-GLI1 is present in the tissues of normal intestinal mucosa, PJS polyp, adenomatous polyp, and colon adenocarcinoma, and the expression has an increasing tendency in the above tissues, indicating SHH-GLI1 signal pathway may be associated with the development and carcinogenesis of PJS polyp.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of kallikrein 3(KLK3) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) and environmental factors with prostate cancer predisposition in Chinese. MethodsThe genotypes of KLK3(rs2735839 is located between KLK2 and KLK3) and VDR (rs731236 is located exon 9) were determined by TaqMan/MGB Probe technology in 108 prostate cancer (PCa) patients and 242 community-based normal controls. The demographic information, body mass index(BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, tea drinking, sport activity and other environmental factors were collected for the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship of genetic polymorphisms and environmental risk factors with PCa. ResultsThe frequencies of SNPs rs2735839 (A/G) for KLK3 AA, AG and GG genotypes were 13.89%, 62.96% and 23.15% in PCa patients and 37.19%, 44.63%, 18.18% in controls, respectively, with significant difference found between the two groups(P=0.00). The frequencies of SNPs rs731236 (T/C) for VDR TT,TC and CC genotypes were 88.89%, 9,26%, 1.85% in PCa patients and 90.50%, 9.10%, 0.40% in controls, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. The study also showed that the risk for PCa in tea drinkers was only 0.58 fold that of non-tea drinkers (OR=0.58,95%CI,0.35-0.96). ConclusionOur study indicates that tea drinking is associated with the development of PCa; tea drinking is a protective factor against PCa; SNPs rs2735839 of KLK3 is significantly correlated with PCa; moreover, there is a multiplicative interaction between SNPs rs2735839 of KLK3 and environment factors. SNPs rs731236 of VDR is not correlated with PCa.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the short-term effects of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for treatment of thyroid nodules. MethodsTotally 104 patients with 289 thyroid nodules underwent ultrasound-guided internal-cooled MWA and bipolar RFA in our department from July 2009 to January 2011. The outcomes of patients were closely assessed for a short-term of 6 months; the thermal ablation-related side-effects and complications were also discussed. ResultsFocal ultrasound images of the 289 thyroid nodules and the core-biopsy pathology findings of some nodules revealed complete coagulative degeneration of the ablated lesions. Follow-up for 3-6 months showed that sizes of all the nodules decreased to different extents. Only one nodule needed an extra ablation. No severe complications were observed. ConclusionThe ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA and RFA are effective, minimally invasive, easy to perform and can achieve rapid recovery. The methods can be used for out-patients with nodular thyroid diseases.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effects of Aquacel-Ag dressing in treatment of pediatric superficial Ⅱ burn wound. MethodsForty patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the present study. Two burn wound areas of similar size were selected from each patient and were randomly divided into two groups. The burn areas in the control group were covered with SD-Ag and those in the treatment group were managed with Aquacel-Ag dressing. The healing time, recovering rate, seepage amount, the frequency of dressing changes and frequency of changing the inner most layer gauze were compared between the two groups. Meanwhile, the laboratory abnormalities and adverse effect were closely monitered during the treatment. ResultsCompared with the SD-Ag group, the Aquacel-Ag dressing group exhibited a significantly shorter healing time (P＜0.05); it also had higher recovering rates (P＜0.05, P＜0.01) on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day after treatment; moreover, Aquacel-Ag dressing also resulted in significantly lower seepage amount and reduced dressing changes (P＜0.01). However, the outcomes of bacterial culture were not significantly different between the two groups (P＞0.05). We also found there was no direct relationship between the laboratory abnormalities and the therapeutic measures during the study, and most patients had no uncomfortable chief complaint. ConclusionAquacel-Ag dressing can shorten the healing time, improve healing rate, reduce seepage amount, and decrease frequency of dressing change for superficial Ⅱ burn wound in pediatric patients. And it has an antimicrobial property similar to SD-Ag for superficial Ⅱ burn wound and shows no noticeable adverse effect.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the influence of preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) on early outcome after mitral valve replacement (MVR). MethodsBetween January 1998 and December 2008, a total of 2,001 patients underwent MVR with or without tricuspid valve repair in our hospital, and 1,411 patients were included in the present study. The selected patients were divided into two groups according to preoperative rhythm status: AF group(n=772) and sinus rhythm (SR) group (n=639). The clinical data of AF group and SR group were compared using t test; the early mortality and incidences of complications of MVR were compared with χ2 test between the two groups. ResultsThe early mortality of MVR in AF group was significantly higher than that in the SR group (5.1% vs 2.8%, P=0.041). Incidence of cardiovascular complications was also significantly different between the two groups (AF group 9.5% vs SR group 4.9%, P<0.001). Specially, the incidences of low cardiac output syndrome and ventricular fibrillation were significantly higher in AF group than in SR group (4.0% vs 2.0%, P=0.044; 2.7% vs 1.1%, P=0.034). There were no significant differences in the incidences of prosthetic-valve complications, systemic complications and reoperation rates between the two groups. Multivariate analysis shows that preoperative AF is not an independent predictor for early death. ConclusionEarly mortality of MVR is higher in AF group. The onset of preoperative AF is a marker of aggravated mitral valve disease.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo summarize out experience in the first case of transperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-site live donor nephrectomy (LESS-DN) in mainland China and to assess its safety and feasibility. MethodsThe female donor was aged 59-year-old, with a body mass index(BMI) of 21.6 kg/m2 and a preoperative serum creatinine level of 45 μmol/L. Tc 99m-DTPA was used to determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The preoperative unilateral renal function was 50 ml/min for the left side and 56 ml/min for the right side. Recipient was a 41-year-old male, with a BMI of 19.5 kg/m2 and a preoperative serum creatinine level of 1,446 μmol/L, and who was to receive transplantation due to chronic renal dysfunction(renal failure stage). On Nov. 9th, 2011, the LESS-DN was performed via a multi-channel TriPortTM (Advanced Surgical Concepts, Wicklow, Ireland) through a 5 cm skin incision at our institute. The dissection of the kidney was facilitated with the standard laparoscopic instruments at all the steps. The renal artery and the renal vein were skeletonized after the adrenal vein and the lumber vein, if any, were clipped. The ureterogonadal packet was left en bloc and transected at the level when crossing the common iliac vessels. The kidney was entrapped, and the mouth of the bag loosely cinched around the intact renal artery and vein. The renal artery and the vein were separated. The pre-entrapped kidney was extracted through the original incision after generous cranial and caudal extension of the rectus fascia incision. ResultsThe procedure was smoothly completed without any extra skin incision. The operating time was 210 min, with an estimated blood loss of 50 ml, and a warm ischemia time of 3.8 min. The lengths of harvested renal artery, vein and ureter were 3.6 cm, 4.5 cm and 13 cm, respectively. The length of skin incision at closure was 5 cm. Allograft functioned immediately on transplantation. Donor Visual Analog Pain Scores at postoperative day 1, 2 and 3 were 2.5/10, 1/10, and 0/10, respectively. The recovery of the donor was uneventful and she was discharged on the 4th postoperative day. Postoperative serum creatinine levels of the recipient at 12 h, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d, 7 d, discharge day, and 1 month postoperatively were 475, 282, 148, 145, 117, 100, 103, 98, 80, and 84 μmol/L, respectively. He was discharged on the 10th day after transplantation. ConclusionOur initial experience shows that the laparoendoscopic single-site live donor nephrectomy is a safe, feasible and effective procedure. It has the clinical benefits of less pain, rapid recovery and good cosmesis, with an encouraging future. But more clinical experience needs to be accumulated.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo discuss the feasibility of treating patients with severe aortic valve stenosis by aortic valve replacement via transfemoral balloon dilation. MethodsThree patients with severe aortic valve stenosis, who could not tolerate traditional open surgery, were chosen to receive aortic valve replacement via transfemoral balloon dilation. ResultsAll the three operations were successfully done by transfemoral approach, including one assisted by transapical puncture. The aortic valve function of patients was improved, and there was no related complication or death. ConclusionAortic valve replacement via transfemoral balloon dilation can be used for treatment of Chinese patients with severe aortic valve stenosis; but which demands more detailed preoperative preparation, evaluation, and surgical manipulation.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of low-dose tacrolimus (TAC) combined with tripterygium(TW) in treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). MethodsThe patients, who were diagnosed with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) by biopsy and failed to respond to a 3 month treatment with prednisone (1 mg/\[kg·d\], maximum 60 mg/d, were randomly divided into 2 groups (TAC+TW group and TW group). Initially TAC+TW group took TAC 0.05 mg/(kg·d) 2 h after meal at a 12 h interval; the plasma TAC level was examined after 3 days and was kept at 1.5-4 ng/ml; meanwhile, TW was given at 60 mg/d before meal. TW group only took TW(60 mg/d before meal). The efficacy, adverse reactions and plasma TAC levels were observed in each group. Results(1) Totally 20 patients met the recruitment criteria, including 11 in the TAC+TW group and 9 in the TW group. The age, sex, time of onset, blood pressure, 24 h urine protein, serum albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, renal pathology types and period of prednisone use were similar between the two groups. (2) In TAC+TW group the urine protein began to decrease one month later; 12 months later,8 cases had complete remission (72.7%), 2 had partial remission (18.2%),and 1 was ineffective (9.1%), with a total effective rate of 90.9%. In TW group the urine protein also began to decrease one month later; 12 months later only 2 cases had complete remission (22.2%), 4 had partial remission (44.5%), and 3 were ineffective (33.3%),with a total effective rate of 66.7%. (3)In TAC + TW group the plasma protein was significantly higher than that before treatment; the plasma protein recovered to normal level after 6 month treatment. However, there was no significant increase in TW group. The pre- and post-treatment serum creatinine levels were similar between the two groups. (4) The incidence rates of adverse reactions were not significantly different between the two groups. ConclusionLow dose TAC combined with TW can effectively decrease proteinuria in patients with SRNS, generating a higher rate of clinical remission; meanwhile, the patients have a good tolerance and less adverse reactions.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore CT and MR radiological characteristics of atypical hemangiomas of the liver (AHL). MethodsThe CT and MRI findings of 6 patients with pathologically proven AHL were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThe common radiological findings of hemangiomas of the liver included:(1)The lesions were oval-shaped with smooth outline.(2)The lesions were of slightly hypodense on plain CT scan. On MRI scan,the lesions showed slightly low signal with T1WI and high signal with T2WI, and the lesions had central scars.(3)On dynamic contrast-enhanced CT or MRI scan,the lesions had peripheral nodular enhancement and a centripetal gradual fill-in pattern without enhancement of the central scars. The special radiological features of AHL included:(1)Necrotic or cystic changes and calcification could be found in the central scars.(2)Hemorrhage could also be observed in the lesions though it was rare；they had enhanced CT signal and aberrantly short T1 and T2 signals.(3)The lesions might compress the hepatic parenchyma,biliary and vascular structures, leading to secondary changes such as deformity, abnormal bloody supply, and bile duct obstruction. ConclusionDiagnosis of typical hemangiomas of the liver is not difficult. But more observation and analysis are needed to diagnose AHL.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo identify the advantages and disadvantages of the rapid plasma reagin test (RPR), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA) for detecting syphilis. MethodsA total of 1,808 serum specimens were detected by RPR and CLIA; the negative specimens as detected by CLIA and by RPR were redetected by TPPA.ResultsThere were 170 syphilis patients among the 1,808 patients.The sensitivity and positive predictive value of RPR were both significantly lower than those of CLIA and TPPA (P<0.05). The specificities were not significantly different between CLIA and RPR(P>0.05). However, the negative predictive value of RPR was significantly lower than that of CLIA (P<0.05). The sensitivities were not significantly different between CLIA and TPPA(P>0.05); however, the positive predictive value of CLIA was significantly lower than that of TPPA (P<0.05). Biologically false positive results could be found for all the 3 methods and false negative results could be found for RPR and TPPA (P<0.05). ConclusionCLIA and TPPA are superior to RPR in diagnosing syphilis. The procedure of diagnosing syphilis may need to be adjusted, and syphilis should be diagnosed by combining the medical history, symptom and lab results.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo determine the optimal pool size and pooled sample size for testing whether an infection rate has exceeded the critical level of malaria epidemics using the pool sampling method and fixed sample size approach. MethodsThe function between the pooled sample size and pool size was deduced by using arcsin transformation and normal distribution approximation while controlling the probability of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ errors. Computer simulation was used to evaluate the approximate power function. ResultsThe optimum pool size and the pooled sample size were obtained for different critical and normal levels of infection rates. ConclusionThe optimal pool size and the pooled sample size are in an inverse relationship for given probability of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ errors, so in practice we should make an evaluation according to the sampling cost and test cost.

Abstract:The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is characterized by absence of epithelial phenotype and acquiring of mesenchymal properties. EMT participates not only in normal embryonic development,wound healing and tissue reconstruction,but also in various pathologic processes,including fibrosis and carcinogenesis. EMT can facilitate the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells to distant tissues,and confer the metastatic cancer cells self-renewal ability of stem cells,contributing to macroscopical metastasis formation and multiple resistance to treatment. Recent studies have revealed that several transcription factors,signaling pathways,microRNAs and microenvironment components are involved in this process. Here we summarize the recent progress on the roles of EMT and cancer stem cells in tumor metastasis,hoping to provide new insights in target therapy of tumor metastasis and recurrence.

Abstract:Thanks to the improvement in transplant skills and newly developed immunosuppressive agents, rejections after solid organ transplants (SOTs) have been greatly reduced and SOTs are more likely to succeed. In recent years, invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) have been increasing after SOTs and have become a major reason for recipient death with normal function of transplants, which poses a great threat to SOTs and has drawn great concern from physicians. Success management of IFD depends on early diagnosis and timely treatment. Currently available reports mainly focus on case-reports or retrospective analyses. This paper reviews the risk factors, prevalence, diagnosis and management of IFDs in SOT recipients.

Abstract:Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is the generic term for all the diseases caused by planting and growing of Aspergillus in the airway, mainly including invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis, ulcerative Aspergillus tracheobronchitis, pseudomembranous necrotizing Aspergillus tracheobronchitis and tracheobronchial aspergilloma. Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is frequently seen in populations with immunodeficiency accompanied with local airway damages. This article reviews the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, imagining findings, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease, and the clinical features of populations with impaired general immune function.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo establish a rapid salting out method for extraction of genomic DNA from buccal swabs. MethodsBuccal epithelial cells were digested with cell lysate solution and proteinase K solution. Then the proteins were removed by salting out and centrifugation and DNA was precipitated with isopropyl alcohol. Finally, the precipitations of DNA were washed with 70% ethanol and were resuspended in TE. The rs1042522 loci of TP53 gene and rs12910984 loci of CHRNA3 gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The samples with different genotypes were confirmed by direct sequencing analysis. ResultsThe DNA yield of single buccal swab ranged from 0.68 to 2.56 μg; the D260/D280 value ranged from 1.77 to 1.94. After PCR amplification and enzyme digestion, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 10 samples were clearly genotyped. The results of PCR-RFLP agreed well with the results of direct sequencing. ConclusionThe present salting out method is rapid, simple, and economical for DNA extraction from buccal swabs. The obtained genomic DNA is of high quality.

Abstract:目的通过多重线性回归方法探讨影响慢性乙型肝炎患者血脂水平的因素。方法慢性乙型肝炎患者323例,其中轻度患者161例、中度患者48例、重度患者77例、重症肝炎患者37例；健康者(对照组)39例。采用全自动生化分析仪检测乙型肝炎患者和对照组的肝功能、肾功能、血脂、血糖等指标,荧光定量PCR分析仪检测被测者的病毒载量,全自动血凝仪检测血浆凝血酶原活动度(PTA)。比较上述指标在各组间的差异,并采用多重线性回归分析探讨影响患者血脂水平的因素。结果慢性乙型肝炎患者血脂水平随肝脏功能的恶化逐渐下降。通过多重线性回归分析可见慢性乙型肝炎患者的血脂水平受PTA、肝功能等多因素影响,而年龄、性别、血糖、病毒载量、肾功能等因素对慢性乙型肝炎患者的血脂水平影响较小或无影响。总胆固醇、三酰甘油水平受PTA影响较大,而高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白水平受白蛋白影响较大。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者血脂水平主要与肝脏病变情况密切相关；检测慢性乙型肝炎患者血脂水平,对判断病情、估计预后有参考价值。

Abstract:目的总结全腔镜食管癌根治手术的临床经验。方法2008年5月至2011年7月采用全腔镜技术对31例食管癌患者行根治术,胸腔镜下游离胸段食管,清扫胸部区域淋巴结,腹腔镜下游离胃,清扫腹部区域淋巴结,胃制成管状在颈部与食管吻合重建消化道。结果手术时间平均(213±48) min,术中估计失血量平均(220±59) ml。1例术后腹腔迟发性出血,2例术后乳糜胸,无死亡病例。结论全腔镜食管癌根治术技术上安全可行,具有一定的临床应用优势,但对术者要求较高。

Abstract:目的探讨脑外伤合并小脑幕切迹疝手术中采用不切开小脑幕、直视下进行脑疝复位的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析68例额颞(顶)部开颅颅内血肿及脑挫裂伤合并脑疝患者,在常规开颅手术中注重精细操作,清除血肿、挫裂伤灶及廓清蛛网膜、脑池出血后,在保持小脑幕结构完整的前提下,进一步在镜下直视复位脑疝组织；并与同期另一组术中额颞部开颅但未行脑疝复位的116例患者进行术后CT、神志改善、瞳孔恢复、颅内压情况及脑梗死、脑积水并发症等比较。结果采用直视下脑疝组织复位术式的病例组,其术后CT特征、神志改善、瞳孔恢复等临床疗效均优于常规手术组。结论采用术中直视下复位治疗部分脑外伤合并小脑幕切迹疝可取得一定疗效。

Abstract:目的探讨初产妇的焦虑状态与痛阈的关系及对分娩镇痛的影响。方法硬膜外分娩镇痛的初产妇50例,根据汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAS/HAMA)、 汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HDS/MAMD)评定每位产妇的焦虑、抑郁状态。焦虑组33例，其中轻度焦虑组24例、中重度焦虑组9例；无焦虑组17例。所有产妇均无抑郁症状(HDS<8分)。测定两组躯体感觉阈值(SPT)、痛觉感受阈值(PPT)和视觉模拟评分(VAS),观察各组的镇痛效果、产程，第一产程末检测肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)水平。结果50例产妇焦虑发生率为66%。焦虑组PPT较无焦虑组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);焦虑组较无焦虑组的镇痛效果差、潜伏期延长,血E、NE、β-EP水平增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；HAS标准分与PPT呈负相关性(轻度焦虑组r=-0.725,中重度焦虑组r=-0.836)。结论分娩状态下过度焦虑可降低产妇痛觉耐受,对镇痛效果产生影响。

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