Abstract:The hazards Fukushima nuclear plant accident causes to human beings might be the second only to Chernobyl nuclear plant accident in the former Soviet Union. The accident has deleterious health effects on Japanese rescue workers, nearby residents and other contaminated subjects, and there are not only short-term irradiation injuries, but also long-term biological effects, with the long-term biological effects caused by low-dose irradiation being the leading one. The radioactive dusts falling to our country is far from enough to cause damage to human health. The main protective measures include shielding with buildings, clothing, and masks, cleaning/removing the radioactive contamination timely, and taking protective drugs. While developing our nuclear power cautiously and scientifically, we should also enhance the corresponding research on medical rescue and protection in case of nuclear accidents. We should also reinforce our emergency response system, training of personnel, technique and equipment, and special protective measures, so as to minimize the damages in case of any nuclear accidents and effectively protect the physical and psychological health of the people. In this paper, we discusse the possible health influence and medical protection of Fukushima nuclear plant accident, the proper attitude towards development of nuclear power, and strengthening of security measures and related scientific research.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of carboxyfullerene C3 against γ-ray irradiation-induced injury in BALB/c mice. MethodsBALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with carboxyfullerene C3 (100 mg/kg) 0.5 h before whole-body γ-ray irradiation at 6.0 Gy (LD50) and 7.2 Gy (LD90), with the dose rates being 1.0 Gy/min. The survival rate, average survival period of dead animals, and leukocyte count were observed 30 days after irradiation. The serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione(GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined by ELISA 4 h after γ-ray irradiation. The numbers of exogenous spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) and in vitro colony-forming units of granulocyte and monocyte (CFU-GM) in mice receiving different regimens of γ-ray irradiation were calculated under microscope. ResultsCarboxyfullerene C3 significantly increased the survival rate of mice on the 30th day after irradiation(P<0.01), but it failed to prolong the average survival time of the dead animals after irradiation. Carboxyfullerene C3increased the serum levels of SOD and GSH(P<0.01), and decreased serum MDA level(P<0.01). Besides, carboxyfullerene C3 also significantly increased the peripheral leukocyte count(P<0.01), and promoted the CFU-S and CFU-GM counts(P<0.01). ConclusionWater-soluble carboxyfullerene C3 has satisfactory protective effect against γ-ray irradiation-induced injury in mice.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of self-designed STAT3 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (STAT3 ASODN) on irradiation sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma. MethodsLung adenocarcinoma cells were exposed to different doses of irradiation (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 Gy 60Co γ) after transfected with STAT3 ASODN. The survival rates of cells in each group were evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Early apoptosis of cells was observed by FACS. Local irradiation models were established with tumor-bearing mice. STAT2 ASODN was intratumorally injected for two weeks at a dose of 15 mg/kg, and 2 h after injection the animals were locally irradiated with 60Co γ(totally 20 Gy, 2 Gy each time, 5 times each week for 2 weeks, with a irradiation rate of 1 Gy/min). The following parameters were observed, including the tumor size, delay of tumor growth, relative growth rate, growth inhibition rate, q value, and tumor mass. ResultsIn vitro experiment showed that compared with irradiation alone, combination of irradiation with STAT3 ASODN significantly decreased the survival rate and increased the early apoptosis rate of A549 cells. In vivo experiment found that combination of STAT3 ASODN with local irradiation greatly inhibited the growth rate of lung adenocarcinoma xenografts (q=1.27).ConclusionSTAT3 ASODN not only possess chemotherapeutic effect, but also can improve the sensitivity of tumor cells, making it a promising agent for future research and clinical application.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the effect of high dose γ-irradiation on the phenotype and function of dendritic cells (DCs) and to study the underlying mechanism of irradiation-induced immunosuppression. MethodsGM-CSF and IL-4 were used to generate DCs, which were then subjected to 0, 10, 20, and 30 Gy γ-irradiation. After 24 h irradiation DCs were treated with lipopolysaccharide for maturation. Then Transwell assay was used to determine the migration capacity of DCs, flow cytometry was used to detect the surface molecules on DCs (CD80, CD86, MHC-Ⅱ, and CCR7). Cytokines secretion (IL-6, IL-10, and PGE2) was determined by ELISA. ResultsHigh dose γ-irradiation showed no influence on the phenotypes of DCs, but inhibited the migration of DCs towards CCL19. Moreover, the irradiation down-regulated CCR7 expression and decreased the secretion of IL-6, IL-10, and PGE2. Conclusion High dose γ-irradiation can inhibit DC migration by reducing CCR7 and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, it can also reduce the cytokine secretion, which provide a theoretical base for irradiation-induced immune suppression.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between miR-34a expression and the irradiation-sensitivity of cells and tissues.MethodsRT-PCR was used to detect the miR-34a expression in different cells and tissues before and after irradiation; flow cytometry was employed to examine the apoptosis of cells and MTT assay was used to observe the cell viability. The U87MG tumor cells were transfected with miR-34a mimics to promote miR-34a expression and the cell viability was observed 24 h later. The HEK293 renal epithelial cells were transfected with miR-34a inhibitors to decrease miR-34a expression and the cells apoptosis was observed 24 h later.ResultsThe expression of miR-34a was higher in highly irradiation-sensitive cells than in lowly irradiation-sensitive cells before irradiation; the increase of miR-34a expression was greatly higher in highly irradiation-sensitive cells than in lowly irradiation-sensitive cells 24 h after irradiation. The up-regulation of miR-34a decreased the viability of U87MG tumor cells, and down-regulation of miR-34a decreased the apoptosis of HEK293 cells.ConclusionThe irradiation-sensitivity of cells is positively associated with miR-34a; cells with high irradiation-sensitivity have a greater up-regulation of miR-34a expression after irradiation. Increased miR-34a expression can noticeably increase the irradiation-sensitivity of U87MG tumor cells and decreased miR-34a expression has a irradiation prevention effect on normal HEK293 cells.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the therapeutic effect of CpG-ODN, an agonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), on irradiation injury of bone marrow hematopoietic system in mice. MethodsMice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of CpG-ODN (50 μg each) at 30 min, 24 h and 48 h after irradiation. The survival rates of animals were observed after irradiation with different doses, the numbers of white blood cell (WBC) and bone marrow nucleated cells within a certain period of time were observed, the bone marrow was pathologically studied, and the number of endogenous colony forming unit-spleen (endoCFU-S) was counted. ResultsOur results showed that intraperitoneal injection of CpG-ODN significantly improved the survival rate of mice and increased the numbers of peripheral WBC and bone marrow nucleated cells (P<0.01); moreover, it also ameliorated the pathological injury of the bone marrow and reduced the death of bone marrow stem cells.ConclusionIntraperitoneal CpG-ODN injection can ameliorate the irradiation injury of bone marrow hematopoietic system in mice.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of intrathecal injection of siRNA targeting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on neuropathic pain and spinal cord levels of TLR4, IL-1β, and TNF-α in rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=10): the sham group (intrathecal normal saline, IT NS), CCI group (CCI+IT NS), mismatch siRNA group (CCI+IT mismatch siRNA), and siRNA-TLR4 group (CCI+IT siRNA-TLR4).The lumbar intrathecal catheters were implanted in rats and CCI models were established as previously described. The TLR4 siRNA were administered intrathecally for 7 days starting from 1 day before surgery. The spinal cord expression of TLR4 mRNA was assessed by real-time PCR. Levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in spinal cord were detected by ELISA. The thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were assessed by paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant heat and von Frey filaments. Results Compared with the sham group, animals in CCI group had significantly lower mechanical and thermal pain thresholds, higher expression of TLR4 mRNA and levels of IL-1β, TNF-α in the spinal cord (P<0.05). Rats in the siRNA-TLR4 group had significantly higher mechanical and thermal pain thresholds (at 1, 3, and 7 days after ligation, P<0.05) and significantly lower expression of TLR4 mRNA and levels of IL-1β, TNF-α in the spinal cord compared with those in the CCI group and mismatch siRNA group(P<0.05). ConclusionIntrathecal injection of siRNA-TLR4 can decrease the levels of inflammatory factors by silencing the TLR4 in the spinal cord of rats, and subsequently relieve the neuropathic pain induced by CCI.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo reprogram the adipose-derived stem cells of hepatic cancer patients into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells). MethodsRetrovirus-based pMXs containing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc were prepared and were used to infect adipose-derived stem cells; the infected cells were then cultured. Alkaline phosphatase staining, quantitative-PCR and immunofluorescence assay were used to identify the ES-cell-like colonies. ResultsThe ES-cell-like colonies expressed Alkaline phosphatase. Quantitative-PCR showed that ES-cell-like cells expressed the pluripotency genes of ES cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence confirmed the expression of Oct4 and Sox2 in ES-cell-like cells. ConclusionAdipose-derived stem cells of hepatic cancer patients can be efficiently reprogrammed into iPS cells, and they can serve as the feeder layers of their own iPS cells. These findings may pave a way for improving efficiency of reprogramming adult cells and establishing hepatic cancer model for inducing pluripotent stem cells.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and function of aquaporin-4(AQP4) in the olfactory system of mice.MethodsThe differences of AQP4 expression in olfaction system between wild-type and AQP4-null mice were studied by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence methods. The differences of mouse olfactory functions in the two groups were examined by two olfactory behavioral assays: the buried food pellet test and olfaction maze test, and the odorant-stimulated electroolfactogram (EOG) recording. ResultsThe results of immunoblotting and immunofluorescence showed no AQP4 expression in the olfactory system in AQP4-null mice. Immunofluorescence result also indicated that AQP4 was mainly distributed in the membrane of support cells, duct cells of Bowmann’s gland, basal cells of olfactory epithelium, membrane of Bowmann’s gland epithelial cells, olfactory sheath cells surrounding the olfactory bundles, and the membrane of cells in the olfactory bundle layer and glomeruler layer. The results of olfactory behavioral assay were significantly different between the two groups at all time points tested in both the olfaction maze test and the buried food pellet test (P<0.05). It was showed that the EOGs under different pressures of saturated trimethylamine had a similar shape in both groups, and the amplitude of EOGs increased with the increase of pressure. While under the same pressure, the EOG amplitude of AQP4-null mice was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice(P<0.05). ConclusionAQP4 is widely distributed in the olfactory system of mice, including the olfactory mucosa, olfactory nerve, and olfactory bulb, which can protect the olfactory neural bundle and facilitate neural signal transfer.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the different abilities in synthesizing exopolysaccharides between biofilm cells of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) clinical isolate 593 and standard stain S. mutans ATCC 25175 (serotype c). MethodsS. mutans biofilm specimens were formed on the polystyrene plastic sheets for 3, 12 and 20 h. The exopolysaccharides was stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated concanavalin A and were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The amounts of exopolysaccharides produced by adhesive S. mutans in 3-24 h were determined by the anthrone method. ResultsThe green fluorescence in strain 593 group was stronger and wider than that in the S. mutans ATCC 25175 group, with significant differences found for the amounts of water-soluble glucans during 3-20 h and water-insoluble glucans during 3-16 h (P<0.05). ConclusionThe synthesis of exopolysaccharides during formation of biofilm increases with time in both clinical and standard strains of S. mutans. However, the stronger synthesizing ability of strain 593 in the early biofilm formation stage(3-16 h) may be the reason for its higher cariogenic ability, indicating that the clinical isolates may be more sensitive in studying the mechanism of caries pathogenesis.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the effects of Tongluo recipe on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)-fibronectin(FN) signal pathway in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, so as to explore the possible mechanism by which Tongluo recipe protects the kidney. MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=7): control group (CON group), model group(DM group)and Tongluo recipe group(DM+TLR group). Rats in the DM group and DM+TLR groups were administered with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection to induce diabetic model. Rats in DM+TLR group were also given 1 g/(kg·d) of Tongluo recipe orally after successfully establishment of diabetic model, and rats in DM and CON groups were only given equivalent volume of ddH2O. The interference lasted for 12 weeks. Biochemical indices were obtained by automatic analyzer. Coomassie brilliant blue assay was used to measure the 24-hour urine protein. Kidney cortex was subjected to PAS staining. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the protein expression of total p38 MAPK (t-p38 MAPK), phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), total cAMP response element-binding protein (t-CREB), phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) and FN. ResultsCompared with CON group, the average left kidney mass/body mass (LKM/BM), blood glucose(BG), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Scr), 24-hour urine proteins(24 h UP) and urine protein/creatinine(UP/Ucr) were significantly increased in the DM group (P<0.05); the average BM was significantly decreased(P<0.05); and the expression of p-p38 MAPK, p-CREB, FN was increased by 2.37, 2.21, and 2.03 folds, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with DM group, the average LKM/BM, Scr, 24 h UP and UP/Ucr were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in DM+TLR group, and the expression of p-p38 MAPK, p-CREB, FN was significantly decreased(P<0.05). ConclusionTongluo recipe can protect the kidney in diabetic nephropathy rats, probably through inhibition of the p38 MAPK-FN pathway .

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment(MCI) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).MethodsWe collected 97 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and divided them into two groups: MCI group (DM-MIC) and normal cognition group (DM-NC group). All subjects were evaluated with cognition scores of Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Center for Epidemiogical Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), Activity of daily living(ADL), Global Deterioration Scale(GDS), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI). Independent t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis were performed.ResultsThe hypnotic use in DM-MCI group was significantly more than that in DM-NC group (P=0.046), and it had a negative correlation with the score of delayed recall, but not statistically significant(r=-0.277, P=0.062). Significantly negative correlations were also found between the score of PSQI and MOCA (r=-0.362), PSQI and attention(r=-0.319), PSQI and delayed recall(r=-0.409), daytime dysfunction and MOCA(r=-0.393), daytime dysfunction and abstraction(r=-0.337), night sleep disorders and language(r=-0.439), sleep efficiency and delayed recall(r=-0.325), and subjective sleep quality and delayed recall(r=-0.336) in DM-MCI group(P<0.05).ConclusionSleep quality is correlated with some symptoms of mild cognitive impairment in elderly patients with T2DM.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo make an initial attempt to use robotic single-site surgery for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and ureteropelvic angioplasty in pigs, so as to assess the feasibility and ergonomics of the robotic single-site surgery in laparoscopic urological reconstruction surgery and to summarize the manipulation experience. MethodsPartial nephrectomy: at a lateral position, a 4 cm incision was made at the level of hilum on the lateral border of the rectus muscle, and the subcutaneous tissue layer was dissected bluntly with the Kelly clamp. After pneumoperitoneum was established by the veress needle, four trocars were introduced in the shape of diamond, including two 8 mm robotic trocars on the left and right sides and two 10 mm surgiquest trocars on the upper and lower sides. After the robotic tower was docked, the procedure of nephrectomy was performed routinely. And the renal defect was closed by a horizontal mattress suture with “sliding-clip technique”. Pyeloplasty: all trocars were removed and a 4 cm long incision was made; the novel suriquest robotic port was introduced into the abdominal cavity. Two 8 mm robotic metal trocars were introduced from two sides of the surgiquest port in the way of “1+1”. After the robotic arm was docked, the pyeloplasty was performed. ResultsPartial nephrectomy were successfully performed in two cases, with the time for establishing access being 5 min and 8 min, time for docking the robotic system being 11 min and 9 min, time for operation being 55 min and 42 min, and time of warm ischemia being 23 min and 18 min, and with the blood loss being 50 ml and 20 ml. Pyeloplasty were successfully performed in two cases, with the time for establishing access being 17 min and 12 min, time for docking the robotic system being 5 min and 4 min, and time of operation being 32 min and 25 min, and with no blood loss. ConclusionAfter proper setup of trocars, the roboic single-site operation under laparoscope can complete the complex urological reconstructive surgery. And the novel surgiquest port can obtain more ideal ergonomics outcomes.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the effect of retrograde perfusion through the inferior vena cava (IVC) during moderate hypothermic lower body circulatory arrest on malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the serum, liver and kidney of pigs. MethodsTwenty healthy pigs were randomly divided into two groups: group A had moderate hypothermic lower body circulatory arrest for 90 min, group B had moderate hypothermic lower body circulatory arrest and retrograde perfusion through IVC at the same time. SOD activities and MDA contents in the serum, liver and kidney were analyzed before retrograde perfusion(T1),1 h after circulatory arrest(T2), and 1 h (T3), 3 h (T4), and 5 h (T5) after reperfusion. ResultsThere were no significant differences in SOD activities and MDA contents in the serum, liver or kidney between the two groups at T1(P<0. 05). Serum MDA contents were increased and the SOD activities were decreased in both groups at T3, T4, and T5, with the changes in group B being significantly small than those in group A (P<0.05). MDA contents in the liver and kidney in group A were significantly higher and the SOD activities were significantly lower than those in group B at T2-T5 (P<0.05). ConclusionRetrograde perfusion with autologous blood through IVC can partly alleviate the ischemic-reperfusion injury of liver and kidney during moderate hypothermic lower body circulatory arrest in pigs, showing a protective effect on the hepatic and renal function.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the efficacy of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) for patients with wasp sting-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)at different phases according to RIFLE criteria. MethodsThe clinical data of 61 patients with wasp sting-induced MODS, who were treated in Chengdu General Hospital, Southwest Hospital and Xinqiao Hospital during Jan.2006 to Dec.2010, were retrospectively analyzed. Sixteen patients who were not treated with CVVH were taken as controls. Another 45 patients with acute kidney injury(AKI) were divided into 3 groups: group A (AKI Ⅰ), group B(AKI Ⅱ) and group C (AKI Ⅲ)according to the RIFLE criteria; the timing of CVVH was analyzed according to different phases of AKI. The mortality rate in hospital, length of ICU stay, duration of total mechanical ventilation, length of CVVH, and the intervals between wasp sting and CVVH were compared among different groups. Their APACHE Ⅱ scores, sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA) scores, serum interleukin-6(IL-6), oxygenate index, serum creatinine(Cr), and mean arterial pressure(MAP) were compared before and 24 h after CVVH. Results(1)The mortality rate in the control group was significantly higher than that in therapeutic group(P<0.01).(2)Before CVVH, APACHE Ⅱ score, SOFA score, serum IL-6, the mortality rate and the interval between wasp sting and CVVH were significantly higher or longer in group C compared with those in group A and B (P<0.05). (3)The APACHE Ⅱ score, SOFA score and the mortality rate of group A and B were similar before CVVH(P＞0.05),but serum IL-6 in group B was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05). The length of ICU stay, duration of total mechanical ventilation, duration of CVVH and the interval between wasp sting and CVVH in group B were significantly longer than those in group A (P<0.01).(4)After 24 h CVVH, the serum IL-6, oxygenate index, Cr and MAP were significantly improved in all the 3 groups(P<0.01),but the serum IL-6 in group C was still significantly higher than those in group A and B (P<0.05). The APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were significantly decreased in group A and B after 24 h CVVH, but they had no significant change in group C (P＞0.05). ConclusionCVVH is an effective treatment for patients with wasp sting-induced MODS.RIFLE criteria can help to guide the timing of CVVH.CVVH can remarkably improve the prognosis of patients with phaseⅠand Ⅱ AKI after wasp sting-induced MODS, with the best efficacy seen in patient with phase Ⅰ AKI.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ (IGF-2) on the growth and the mTOR pathway of Rh1 sarcoma cells. MethodsRh1 cells were cultured routinely, and were treated with IGF-2 at a final concentration of 10 ng/ml after starving with pure RPMI 1640 medium. The growth of cells was analyzed by flow cytometry 72 h after IGF-2 treatment. The phosphorylation of S6 and Akt (s473) proteins were examined by Western blotting analysis at 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min after IGF-2 treatment. ResultsIGF-2 treatment promoted the survival and inhibited the apoptosis of Rh1 cells compared with the control group. IGF-2 also increased the phosphorylation of S6 in a time-dependent manner. However, the phosphorylation of Akt(s473) was relatively stable in Rh1 cells. ConclusionIGF-2 can gradually increase the function of S6 in the mTOR pathway, and the function of Akt (s473) is kept relatively stable.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristic sonographic findings of the liver and kidney in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ⅰ(GSDⅠ). MethodsThe clinical data of 2 children, who were pathologically diagnosed as having GSD Ⅰ in our hospital, were retrospectively analyzed, and the sonographic findings of the liver and kidney were given special attention. ResultsThe two patients were both females, one aged 11 years old and the other aged 19. Both of them had diffused hepatomegaly with meticulous and enhanced internal echoes. One had multiple lesions in the liver, which were proven to be hepatic adenomas, with diffuse enhanced cortical echogenicity in both kidneys, but with no renal calculus. Both patients had a small-sized thyroid and uterus, with short stature and liver dysfunction as clinical presentations. ConclusionA better understanding of the ultrasonic findings of liver and kidneys in GSD Ⅰ patients can benefit the timely discovery and diagnosis of this systematic metabolic disease.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of passive immunotherapy for treatment of renal transplant patients with severe pneumonia. MethodsFrom August 2007 to October 2009, 51 patients with severe pneumonia following renal transplantation were treated with passive immunotherapy(thymosin and immunoglobulin), and they were taken as passive immunization group; and the other 52 patients with severe pneumonia following renal transplantation from January 2005 to July 2007 were taken as control group. The basic immunosuppressant was stopped and de-escalation therapy and broad-spectrum anti-infection therapy were given to both groups. Passive immunization group was given thymosin and immunoglobulin according to the patient condition. The peripheral CD4+ T-cell counts, clinical symptoms, signs and chest CT changes were observed in both groups. ResultsThe survival rate of passive immunization group was significantly higher than that of control group (92.2% vs 75.0%, P<0.05).The time of infection control in passive immunization group was significantly shorter than that of control group (\[12.8±2.7\] d vs \[17.7±4.2\] d, P<0.05). The length of hospital stay of the survivors was significantly shorter in passive immunization group than in the control group (\[27.3±7.0\] d vs \[36.3±9.1\] d,P<0.05). No acute rejection occurred in the passive immunization group, and 4 occurred in the control group. The CD4+ T-cell counts had an increasing tendency in the survivors of both groups and had a declining trend in those who finally died. ConclusionPassive immunotherapy with thymosin and immunoglobulin can improve the survival rate of renal transplant patients with severe pneumonia, and monitoring the variation of CD4+ T-cell counts may play an important role in guiding treatment and predicting prognosis.

Abstract:NOB1 is a newly found gene regulating the function of the 26S proteasome, cell cycle and gene transcription.NOB1 contains a zinc ribbon domain and a PIN domain. Recent studies have indicated that the PIN domain is related to gene transcription and the zinc ribbon domain plays an important role in regulating cell cycle. It has also been found that NOB1 is closely associated with development and progression of gastric, esophageal, and ovarian cancer. The paper reviews the role of NOB1 in the development and progression of tumors.

Abstract:Sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) is one of the transporters responsible for the resorption of glucose, and inhibition of its activity can decrease the resorption of glucose. Human SGLT is mainly composed of SGLT1 and SGLT2. Due to the specific distribution and the high efficiency of SGLT2, SGLT2 inhibitor is a potential new strategy for treatment diabetes. Abundant animal experiments and clinical trails have found that SGLT2 inhibitor can greatly lower the blood glucose and help to lose weights. However, the current researches about SGLT2 inhibitor are still very limited both in depth and in broadness; problems concerning the safety, efficacy and indication of SGLT2 inhibitor still need to be further studied.

Abstract:Owning to the progression of science and technology, increasing techniques for in vivo cell tracking have been applied in medical research; they include radionuclide imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, etc. These imaging methods have their own characteristics in specificity, sensitivity and manipulation mode. Researchers should choose the appropriate method while taking the following into consideration: requirement of the image, object of the image, the aim of the image, and the characteristics of each imaging method. In this paper we summarize the techniques of cell tracking in vivo.

Abstract:Prosthesis-patient mismatch occurs when the effective orifice area of the prothesis is too small according to the patient’s body size after insertion, which may consequently result in consistent presence of significant residual transvalvular pressure gradients postoperatively, hampering the prognoses of patients. Currently the indexed effective orifice area measured by postoperative transthoracic echocardiography is considered the only appropriate parameter which can accurately describe the mismatch. Valves of various types can have very different indexed effective orifice areas, so the incidence of mismatch also varies. Recently, the mismatch following transcatheter aortic valve implantation is drawing increasing attention. The clinical implication of prosthesis-patient mismatch is still debated. Many factors, including the indices, standard and other mixing factors, together with the age, preoperative cardiac function and types of valve disease of patients can be related to the mismatch, the previous conclusions have been various. Prosthesis-patient mismatch may cause a greater influence to patients with left heart dysfunction and young patients. It can be largely prevented by choosing prostheses of appropriate size or by enlarging the aortic root by operation if necessary; a final decision should be made according to the patients’ condition. Severe mismatch and mismatch in patients with severe cardiac dysfunction should be avoided. In this paper we reviews the recent progress on prosthesis-patient mismatch.

Abstract:[ABSTRACT] Objective:To assess the clinical effect of Multimodal Antiemetic Therapy on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergone Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery. Methods:Ninety gynecologic patients scheduled for laparoscopic Surgery were randomly divided into three groups with 30 cases each. Group A (Multimodal Group) received multimodal antiemetic therapy including the management of using TIVA with propofol for induction and maintenance of anesthesia，avoidance of volatile anesthetics，minimization of opioids，combination of using antiemetics ondansetron 4mg + dexamethasone 2.5mg + droperidol 1.25mg for preventing PONV.Group B （Combination Group）received combination antiemetics therapy. Group C（Control Group）didn’t receive special interventions for PONV. Patient demographics,risk profiling,incidence of PONV and patient total satisfaction were observed and compared.Result: The preoperative expected risks of PONV in three groups were high. Group A and B were more effective than Group C in preventing PONV.Compared with Group B, Group A has a higher complete response rate and greater patient satisfaction. Conclusion：In Patients Undergone Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery,evaluated to have a high risks of PONV preoperatively, multimodal antiemetic therapy has an effective prevention, also associated with a better clinical effect and greater patient satisfaction when compared with combination antiemetics therapy.

Abstract:目的探讨不同类型剖宫产子宫瘢痕部位妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy, CSP)患者手术治疗方法的选择。方法回顾性分析我院1996-2010年诊治的CSP患者20例,根据孕囊生长的方向分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,分别采用子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)/+B超监测下清宫,配合甲氨蝶呤(MTX)、米非司酮药物辅助治疗；妊娠病灶切除+子宫瘢痕修补术、子宫切除术等。结果20例患者中Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱ型9例。Ⅰ型CSP采用UAE+子宫动脉MTX注射/+B超监测下清宫,配合米非司酮药物辅助治疗效果好,但UAE后清宫以24～48 h为宜,否则不能起到止血的效果。Ⅱ型CSP行妊娠病灶切除+子宫瘢痕修补术具有治疗效果确切,恢复快,保留患者生理、生育功能的优点；早期3例忽略CSP诊断的大出血患者,采用了子宫切除术,挽救患者生命。另6例术前明确了诊断,尽管有大出血,子宫穿孔、膀胱后壁血肿等紧急情况,仍然顺利进行了妊娠病灶切除+子宫瘢痕修补术,保留了患者的生理与生育功能。自1999年之后,未再采取子宫切除术。结论对于CSP患者,采用积极手术干预配合药物治疗的方法,治疗周期短,效果确切,对提高患者生活质量有利。术前如充分分析患者病情,明确诊断及CSP类型,均能采用不同的保留子宫的保守性手术治疗。

Abstract:0bjective To investigate the diagnostic value of hysteroscopy in endometrial disease in female senility. Methods 130 cases of old-age women(≥ 60 yrs)were divided into two groups according to asymptomatic group and symptomatic group. They were evaluated by hysteroscopy and pathological diagnosis. Results It was found by hysteroscopy that the causes resulting in old-age women were as follow:endometrial polyps(46.1%),atrophic endometritis (26.9%),endometrial hyperplasia(10%),submucosal hysteromyoma(6.1%),atypical hyperplasia(6.1%),endometrial cancer(4.6%). The prevalence of benign endometrial disease of the two groups are 96.1% and 84.8％ respectively, the prevalence of malignancy or atypical hyperplasia were 3.9%and 15.2% respectively. The difference between two groups was significant (P<0.05).Conclusions The endometrial disease of old-aged women can be evaluated successfully by hysteroseopy and biopsy.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the preliminary clinical results of Isobar non-fusion internal fixation in treatment of lumbar degeneration disease. Methods From May 2007 to May 2009, 35 cases of lumbar degeneration disease were surgically treated by posterior decompression with Isobar non-fusion internal fixation. The clinical results were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and leg pain and Chinese version of Oswestry disability index (ODI), as well as range of motion (ROM) of total lumbar and dynamic fixation segment. Results The follow-up duration was 18 months on average (range，12 to 36 months). All clinical symptoms of the patients were notably improved. One patient experienced a loosened screw at three years after surgery, but no clinical symptom. The mean VAS for back and leg pain was 6.45 before operation, and decreased significantly to 2.12 one year after surgery（P＜0.001）; The mean ODI score was 76.50% before operation, and also recovered significantly to 21.13% one year post-operation(P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in the ROM of total lumbar and dynamic fixation segment before and after operation (P>0.05). Conclusion Preliminary clinical results of Isobar non-fusion internal fixation in treatment of degenerative lumbar disease were satisfying. This kind dynamic stabilization system preserves the motion of fixation segment and provides an alternative for treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.

Abstract:Objective To observe intermittent pneumatic compression in patients with laparoscopic gastric surgery for lower limb deep venous hemodynamics, and to explore the mechanism. Methods The laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group. And the femoral vein diameter (R), blood flow velocity (V) and blood flow (Q) were determined by color Doppler at different time points during the operation. Results Compared with supine position before pneumoperitoneum, the femoral vein diameter in control group which maintained the first high-pin low position during pneumoperitoneum increased significantly,and the average blood flow velocity and blood flow were both significantly lower (P <0.01); in surgery, with the operation time extension, although the femoral vein diameter had no obvious change (P> 0.05), but the average flow velocity and blood flow were both significantly reduced (P <0.05); After surgery and CO2 gas emission, before postanesthetic revival, which in supine position, femoral vein diameter was thinner (P <0.01), mean flow velocity and blood flow were both significantly increased (P <0.01), but still not reach the level of supine position before pneumoperitoneum (P <0.05). During surgery the experimental group, the femoral vein, the average flow velocity and blood flow were all maintained at a stable state. There were much difference of two groups at each time point hemodynamics. Conclusion Intermittent pneumatic compression is effective in improving, in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery, the establishment of particular CO2 pneumoperitoneum, and the first high-foot low positon, and prolonged operative time due to femoral vein diameter and thicker, slower blood flow, blood flow decreased reduce postoperative deep vein thrombosis risk.

Abstract:1临床资料病例1,男性,75岁,因“持续性胸骨后压榨性胸痛15 h”于2010年12月13日收住第二军医大学长海医院心内科。既往有“高血压病、2型糖尿病”及右膝关节反复疼痛病史。查体:体温36.8℃,呼吸20次/min,血压103/63 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa),脉氧饱和度92%。唇无发绀,颈静脉无显露,双下肺可闻及少许湿啰音,心率103次/min,律齐,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音,双下肢不肿。入院后急查血常规示白细胞11.91×109/L,中性粒细胞0.77。肌钙蛋白1.73 μg/L,血B型-钠尿肽(BNP)479 pg/ml,D-二聚体4.94 μg/ml。心电图示窦性心动过速、除avR导联外广泛性ST段压低,T波低平、倒置。初步诊断:冠心病、急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死。给予吸氧、双重抗血小板、抗凝、他汀等药物治疗,患者症状缓解。入院后第4天行冠状动脉造影,造影显示:前降支、回旋支及右冠状动脉多处轻度狭窄,程度在20%~50％,未行介入治疗。术后第2天心脏彩色超声检查示右室偏大(70 ml)、肺动脉压增高(约66 mmHg),左心收缩功能正常。当时怀疑“肺栓塞”可能,进一步行胸部螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)检查示双肺动脉多发栓塞。双下肢深静脉超声示右侧股浅静脉至腘静脉、腓肠肌静脉丛血栓形成。实验室检查:抗心磷脂抗体、抗ss-DNA阳性。血管外科会诊后于下腔静脉内放置滤器一枚,继续给予低分子量肝素钠、华法林钠抗凝等治疗。入院后1周复查心脏彩色超声示心脏各房室大小正常,肺动脉压正常。心电图示窦性心律、ST-T大致正常。

Abstract:1病例资料患者,男,26岁,因“无明显诱因咳嗽5个月”入院。胸部X线：双肺多发结节影,初步诊断为转移灶可能。胸部MRI：两肺多发结节(图1A),其余未见异常。体格检查及实验室检查结果显示均正常。2008年5月在我院行胸腔镜示：右上肺叶、中肺叶表面分别有一结节,突出于肺表面,呈红褐色,质软,与周围组织无明显分界。右肺下叶前基底段亦有两结节,性质同前。手术仅切除右肺下叶前基底段及右肺中叶结节送病理检查。病理结果：右肺下叶切除标本大小约8 cm×5 cm×2.5 cm,切面见灰褐色肿物二处(图1B),分别为1.5 cm×1 cm×1 cm及1.5 cm×0.6 cm×0.6 cm；右肺中叶切除标本,大小为8.5 cm×5 cm×2 cm,切面见一灰褐色肿物，大小为1.7 cm×1.5 cm×1 cm。各处结节周围无包膜,但与周围肺组织界限清楚。镜下检查：肿瘤组织由相对一致的卵圆形至梭形的肌样细胞组成,分布于大小不一的血管周围。肿瘤细胞胞质嗜伊红色,胞界不清,核异型性不明显,核分裂罕见,未见明显坏死。局部区域可见多层肌样细胞围绕血管呈同心圆状生长,局部区域内血管扩张呈分支状或血窦样,似血管外皮瘤或似血管瘤(图1C)。免疫组织化学检查：血管周围瘤细胞弥漫表达vimentin和SMA(图1D),不表达desmin和S-100,增殖的血管内皮细胞表达CD31、CD34(图1E)。病理诊断：右肺中叶及右肺下叶肌周细胞瘤。随访2年,未见复发和转移。

Abstract:1临床资料患者,女性,37岁,因“腹痛、乏力、纳差4个月,加重伴腹胀3个月”于2009年4月16日收住入院。2008年12月中旬曾因月经不调自行服用土三七数日（具体用量不详）。2009年1月出现右上腹胀痛伴乏力纳差,自服奥美拉唑后好转。2009年2月因腹胀伴乏力纳差加重在当地医院就诊,B超示:肝、脾肿大,胆囊水肿,腹水；CT:胸部平扫未见两肺浸润性病变,考虑脂肪肝、腹腔积液、盆腔积液；PPD试验强阳性；HBsAb阳性、抗-HBc阳性；腹水检查:见红白细胞及少量间皮细胞,当地医院拟诊“结核性腹膜炎”,抗痨治疗半个月,因出现厌油、恶心、呕吐、食欲差等消化道症状而停药,后改以三代头孢（具体不详）治疗,效果不佳而来长海医院就诊。既往无“糖尿病、冠心病、高血压”病史,无“结核、伤寒”等传染病病史及传染病接触史,无其他病史。体格检查:全身皮肤、巩膜轻度黄染,未见肝掌、蜘蛛痣；腹膨隆,未见腹壁静脉曲张；肝脏肿大,肋下、剑突下4 cm可触及,质硬,表面光滑,脾脏肋下未触及,移动性浊音阳性；双下肢无水肿。实验室检查:TB 41.1 μmol/L,DB 27.1 μmol/L,ALB 28 g/L,GLB 21 g/L,ALT 31 U/L,AST 54 U/L,AKP 139 U/L,γ-GT 143 U/L,PT 15.5 s,WBC 4.19×109/L,GRAN 0.564,RBC 3.64×1012/L,HGB 83 g/L,PLT 168×109/L；电解质、肾功能均正常；甲、丙、丁、戊肝病毒学标志物均为阴性,结核抗体阴性,HBsAb阳性、抗-HBe阳性、抗-HBc阳性,红细胞沉降率正常；铜22.4 μmol/L,铁蛋白52.35 μg/L,TRF 2.52 g/L,铜蓝蛋白0.345 g/L。肝脏CT:肝脏弥漫性改变,考虑肝损害。入院后为明确腹水病因,行腹腔镜下腹腔探查术+肝活检术。术中结果:腹腔内有大量淡黄色清亮腹水,腹壁无粘连,腹壁腹膜、网膜及肠管表面、盆腔、子宫及附件未见明显异常,肝脏肿大,呈淤血肝,表面无结节。胃、肝、十二指肠未探及肿块,肠系膜及血管根部未见肿大淋巴结。从穿刺孔置入超声刀,切取1 cm×2 cm左右肝左外叶组织,电凝创面。病理结果:大体上,大小1 cm×0.5 cm×0.3 cm；镜检:肝窦显著淤血扩张,小叶中央区肝细胞大部分萎缩、坏死,个别中央静脉管壁增厚、透明变,中央静脉及肝窦周围纤维组织增生（图1）。诊断:（1）肝小静脉闭塞病；（2）自发性细菌性腹膜炎；（3）脂肪肝。行保肝对症支持治疗和抗感染治疗,患者症状明显减轻,病情稳定出院,出院后定期复诊,1年后复查各项指标基本恢复正常。