Abstract:ObjectiveTo transplant the autologous mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) carrying human hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated channel 2 (hHCN2) gene into the His-bundle in porcine model of complete heart block (CHB), so as to assess the possibility of establishing autologous biological pacing. MethodsWe constructed the recombinant adenovirus containing hHCN2 gene to transfect the porcine MSCs. After autotransplantation into the His-bundle in CHB model, the genetically-altered MSCs were tested for their ability to provide a stable and catecholamine-responsive heart rhythm. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses were also performed for the myocardium of the injection site. ResultsRecombinant adenovirus pAd.hHCN2 was successfully constructed. Porcine MSCs were transfected by the adenovirus. After autotransplantation, transgenic MSCs significantly enhanced the heart rates in porcine CHB model compared with the control group (P<0.01), and the cardiac rhythms in the transgenic MSC group were catecholamine responsive. Tissues obtained from the transplanted heart sites showed that the MSCs survived in the myocardium and overexpressed hHCN2 protein. ConclusionTransplantation of autologous genetically-altered MSCs into the His-bundle in porcine CHB model can serve as a short-term catecholamine-responsive biological pacemaker.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the bioactive chemical constituents of gorgonian Muriceopsis flavida collected from the South China Sea. MethodsThe Et2O extract of the sample was purified by repeated column chromatographies on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-HPLC. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated based on detailed spectroscopic analysis using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the identified compounds were assessed by an agar diffusion test. ResultsFive 5α, 8α-epidioxy sterols were isolated from the Et2O extract (1-5),and their structures were determined as: (22E,24S)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (1), (22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2), (24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-ethyl-cholesta-6-en-3β-ol (3), (22E)-5α,8α-epidioxy-cholest-6,22-dien-3β-ol (4), and 5α,8α-epidioxy-cholest-6-en-3β-ol (5). These compounds showed different degrees of antimicrobial activities in bioassay in vitro. ConclusionThe five compounds have been identified for the first time from the gorgonian Muriceopsis flavida. Compounds 2 shows a strong anti-algae effect and is worth further studying.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo synthesize a new type of cationic polymers (β-amino esters)(PBAE) and to study its role as a gene vector. MethodsPBAE was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction. PBAE/pDNA complex nanoparticles were prepared by self-assembly, and the gene tranfection efficiency mediated by the nanoparticles into HEK293 cells in vitro was observed. ResultsWhen weight ratio of PBAE/pDNA was 501, pDNA was completely wrapped. And the transfection efficiency of PBAE/pDNA nanoparticles (PBAE/pDNA weight ratio being 2001) was significantly higher than PEI/pDNA nanoparticles(43.3%±3.7% vs 30.3%±2.1%, P<0.05). ConclusionCationic poly(β-amino esters) can electrostatically bind to and condense anionic DNA into nanometersized particles. PBAE/pDNA nanoparticles has a high transfection efficiency in in vitro transfection experiments.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the chemical constituents in the mycelia of an acidoduric streptomycetes.MethodsMultiple chromatographic methods were used to isolate and purify the constituents, and their chemical structures were identified by NMR, IR, and MS.The anti-inflammatory activities of four compounds were observed in rats with CⅡ-A-induced toe swelling experiments.ResultsFour compounds were identified: 8-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-di-methoxy phenyl)-2, 3-dimethoxy-1, 6-naphthalenediol (1),7, 4′-dihydroxy isoflavone (2), 5,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone (3), and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (4).Compound of 2, 3, and 4 could inhibit CⅡ-A-induced toe swelling in rats at 10 mg/(kg· d).ConclusionCompound 1 is a novel compound, and other compounds have been isolated from the acidoduric Streptosporangium sp. for the first time. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 possess anti-inflammatory activities.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the association of IL-17 gene promoter single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) with childhood asthma and total serum IgE level in children. MethodsThe genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 287 asthmatic children and 217 healthy children. Four SNPs (rs4711998, rs8193036, rs3819024 and rs2275913) in the IL-17 gene promoter were detected by PCR-LDR (polymerase chain reaction-ligation detection reaction), and the results were compared with those in GenBank (IL-17, NT_007952.15 GI: 224514668). The genotype and allele frequencies were analyzed in asthmatic children with different total serum IgE levels. ResultsNotable diversity was found in SNP rs4711998 between the asthmatic and control groups (P=0.03), with the frequency of genotype GG in the asthmatic group being significantly higher than that in the control group (9.6% vs 4.1%). There was no significant diversity in other three SNPs (rs8193036, rs3819024 and rs2275913) between the two groups.The four SNP genotypes were not associated with the total serum IgE levels in asthma patients. ConclusionThe SNP rs4711998 may be a susceptibility gene for asthma in children,and rs4711998 GG genotype is closely associated with childhood asthma.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo establish a scoring model for liver cirrhosis disease(SLCD) in experimental rats, so as to provide evidence for early clinical prevention and treatment of liver cirrhosis diseases. MethodsThe liver cirrhosis model was induced in rats by composite factor method. The damages of hepatic tissues and the changes of serological liver function were observed in different phases of the rat liver cirrhosis model. The SLCD formula was obtained using the Matter-Element Analysis method. ResultsThe experimental liver cirrhosis model was successfully established in rats. The experimental rat SLCD and SLCD formula were successfully constructed using the following 6 parameters, the age, total bilirubin, albumin, prealbumin, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, and serum creatinine. The score was expressed as the R value, which gradually decreased with the aggravation of lesion and fibrosis. R=1: the liver tissue was normal; 0.702≤R＜1: there were inflammatory reaction, focal degeneration and necrosis in the liver; 0.542≤R＜0.702: there was fibroplasia in the liver; 0.352≤R＜0.542: pseudolobules were formed, and it was in the liver cirrhosis stage; and R<0.352: it was in the later stage of liver cirrhosis. ConclusionThe SLCD model can sensitively and accurately display the liver impairment and liver function reserve during experimental liver cirrhosis in rats. It may help the early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the cirrhosis diseases if relevant clinical evidence is obtained.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo close the incision of transvesical natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) with reserved sutures in pigs, and to assess the feasibility and safety of the technique, so as to lay a foundation for future clinical application.MethodsFive female pigs were inserted with self-made Trocar into the bladder under general anesthesia. Guided by ureteroscope, the needle passed the top wall of the anterior bladder and reached the abdominal wall, with two suture ends reserved for closure, one at the abdominal wall and the other in the urethra(out of Trocar). After finishing the transvesical NOTES, we pulled the suture end at the abdominal wall to the bladder and knotted outside the Trocar; then we dragged the urethra suture end to make the knot on the abdominal wall locating on the lateral wall of bladder, and then the urethral suture was knotted in Trocar and the knot was pushed to the bladder wall using a knot pushing device; finally the bladder incision was closed. The closure of the bladder incision was observed and tested with water filling method.ResultsThe first two cases failed due to the overweight and large size of the pigs, or because the bladder incision was to close to the bladder neck, or due to the poor quality of the suture. The procedures were successful in the following 3 pigs, with the operation time periods being 45 min, 30 min, and 25 min, and with satisfactory closure.ConclusionReserved suture for incision closure of transvesical NOTES procedure is safe and feasible; the technique is easy to perform and needs no special surgery devices; and it deserves further study.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo survey the knowledge, attitude and behavior about HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the main districts of Chongqing and to analyze the current status and demand on HIV/AIDS control in the districts. MethodsQuestionnaire survey was conducted among MSM, and qualitative interviews of MSM and some key informants, including the centers for disease control and prevention(CDC) staff, volunteers and the owners of bars or public bathrooms were done. ResultsAbout 80% of MSM were younger than 30 years old and were unmarried. More than half of MSM had college degree or above. Most of them were students, office staff and entertainment staff, and about 25% of them were bisexual. Television and newspapers were the main pathways to obtain knowledge on HIV/AIDS; friends, free publicity materials, internet and consulting services were also ways to obtain related knowledge. It was found that in the recent six months, 6.5%(50/772) of MSM sold and 3.9%(30/772) bought sexual services, and about 17.1%(132/772) MSM had sex with women in the recent six months. The rates of condom use among MSM when having sex with men and women at every intercourse were 41.9%(271/647) and 29.5%(39/132), respectively. And 82.0%(633/772) of them had intervention service. MSM suggested that their privacy should be fully protected during the intervention, more attractive publicity materials should be provided, and more knowledge was needed on other sex transmitted diseases; the intervention ways should be diversified; and they needed the consultation of professionals. The volunteers required more training and independent offices. The owners of entertainment argued that more efforts should be made to encourage the entertainment workers to promote intervention. ConclusionMSM in the main district of Chongqing have many high risk factors of HIV/AIDS. Though various interventions have been given and some achievement has been made, more efforts are needed to protect the privacy of MSM population and to improve the intervention. And efforts should also be made to promote the initiation of the volunteers, entertainment owners and staff.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the factors influencing the willingness of receiving colorectal cancer(CRC) screening and barriers of receiving colonoscopy examination among outpatients. MethodsOn-site survey with self-designed colonoscopy questionnaires was performed among consecutive outpatients in a comprehensive hospital. The relationship of the general characteristics of eligible participants with the willingness to receive CRC screening was investigated. The barriers of receiving colonoscopy examination were also investigated. ResultsWe found that 78.4%(439/560) of the outpatients were willing to receive CRC screening. Female sex(P=0.005), low monthly income of the family(P=0.013), and lack of knowledge on CRC(P=0.000) were associated with a low willingness. The main barriers of receiving colonoscopy examination included lack of recommendations from physicians, fear of pain, and fear of complications caused by the examination.ConclusionSex, monthly income of the family, and knowledge on CRC can influence the willingness of outpatients to receive CRC screening; painless colonoscopy may help to promote CRC screening.

Abstract:ObjectiveThe compare the clinical efficacies of resurfacing and non-resurfacing the patella in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in osteoarthritis patients, so as to provide evidence for clinical practice.MethodsA comprehensive search for relevant studies was performed in PubMed (January 1966 to December 2010), EMBASE(1969 January to December 2010) and the Cochrane Libray databases. Only randomized control trials comparing the outcomes (incidence of anterior knee pain, revision rate, and reoperation rate, etc.) of resurfacing and nonresurfacing patella in patients undertaking primary TKA were included in the present analysis. ResultsNine independent randomized clinical trials were finally identified. Analysis of these trials showed that patellar resurfacing failed to make significant difference in incidence of anterior knee pain, revision rate, or reoperation rate compared with the non-surfacing group.ConclusionPatellar resurfacing can not reduce the incidence of anterior knee pain, revision rate, or reoperation rate in patients undergoing primary TKA, and therefore can not contribute to a better outcome in these patients.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between folate intake and risk of pancreatic cancer. MethodsWe searched various databases, including Cochrane Cental Register of Clinical Trials, Pubmed, EMBASE, CBMdisc, and CNKI for relevant reports; manualsearch was also done to retrieve reports from the references of identified ones. According to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, prospective and case-control studies on the relationship of folate intake with risk of pancreatic cancer were included. After evaluating the quality of studies, we performed meta-analysis by Stata version 11 software. ResultsA total of 6 cohort studies and 3 case-control studies, which involving 2, 209 patients, were included in the present analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that people with highest dietary folate intake was associated with a 28% reduced risk of pancreatic cancer compared with those with the lowest dietary folate intake, and this descending trend of risk was more obvious in the cohort studies with relative risk(RR) as the effect size (pooled RR=0.51 \[95%CI,0.29-0.89\], P=0.017); meanwhile, the pooled odds ratio(OR) in the case-control studies was 0.79 (95%CI \[0.66-0.94\], P=0.008). People with the highest total folate intake (dietary and supplement folate) was associated with a 33% reduced risk of pancreatic cancer compared with those with the lowest one, with the pooled OR in the case-control studies being 0.53 (95%CI \[0.30-0.96\], P=0.036) . ConclusionThe findings in this study indicate that increase of total folate (dietary and supplement folate) and dietary folate intake may be a protective factor for pancreatic cancer.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between prognosis of patients with primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) after radical nephrectomy and expression of tumor metastasis-associated gene CD99 and to analyze the prognostic factors of ccRCC patients. MethodsSemi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine the expression of CD99 in primary ccRCC tissues and their corresponding adjacent tissues. The prognosis and risk factors of survival time of patients were studied by follow-up investigation, and the main risk factors were screened by Cox hazard regression model. ResultsCompared with the adjacent renal tissues, 73.5% ccRCC tissues had up-regulated CD99 expression, with significant difference found between the two groups( P=0.000). Cox hazard regression model showed that high CD99 expression in ccRCC tissues was not a survival risk factor of ccRCC patients after radical nephrectomy (HR=0.14, 95%CI\[0.01,2.15\]); and age (HR= 1.18, 95%CI\[1.01,1.38\]), TNM stages (HR=51.91, 95%CI\[4.31,625.87\]), diabetes (HR=59.94, 95%CI\[2.21,1 627\]) and hypertension (HR=47.72, 95%CI\[1.37,1 670\]) were the major risk factors for the survival of patients after radical nephrectomy. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates of ccRCC patients in TNM stage Ⅰ were significantly higher than those in TNM stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ, respectively (100.0% vs 60.0%, P=0.004; 93.8% vs 8.3%,P=0.000). ConclusionThe expression of tumor metastasis-related gene CD99 may not be associated with the prognoses of ccRCC patients. Age, TNM stage, diabetes and hypertension are the major risk factors of prognosis after resection of ccRCC.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the infection at surgical sites of laryngectomy and the related risk factors.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 96 laryngeal cancer patients, who received laryngectomy in our hospital between Jan. 2006 and Dec. 2010. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the risk factors.ResultsWe found that 15 patients (15.6%) had infection in the surgical sites. ANOVA analysis indicated that the clinical stage, operation time, surgical procedures and preoperative tracheostomy were the risk factors for surgical site infection (P<0.05). Logistic stepwise regression analysis indicated that the clinical stage(OR=0.273) and surgical procedures(OR=8.085) were the independent risk factors.ConclusionImproving the surgical techniques, shortening operation time, and timely and correct management of infection can reduce surgical site infection and pharyngo-cutaneous fistula in laryngeal cancer patients at advanced clinical stages and with extensive operation involvement.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo establish a HPLC-MS method to simultaneously determine the contents of gentiopicroside, liquiritin, rosmarinic acid and harpagoside in Fuzhengpingxiao capsule. MethodsThe chromatographic separation was performed on a Agilent Eclipse plus C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-0.1% methanoic acid(B) (0-30 min, 15%A-40%A), eluted at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and with a split ratio of 31. Negative ionization and selected ion monitoring(SIM) mode on Mass were selected. ResultsThe limit of quantitation(LOQ) values of gentiopicroside, liquiritin, rosmarinic acid and harpagoside were 5.73, 6.37, 6.50, and 6.46 ng/ml, and the limit of detection(LOD) values were 0.46, 0.32, 0.33 and 0.32 ng/ml, respectively. Good linearity (r>0.999 0) was obtained over the investigated concentration ranges. Reproducibility was evaluated by intra- and inter-day assays, and RSD values were below 2%. The average recoveries of the 4 compounds were within the range of 98%-102%. ConclusionWe have established a rapid and efficient HPLC-MS method for determination of 4 constituents in Fuzhengpingxiao capsule: gentiopicroside, liquiritin, rosmarinic acid and harpagoside.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo develop and prepare oral rehydration salt powderⅡ (ORSⅡ) effervescent tablets. MethodsTaking the mass/tablet, rigidity, disintegration time, and pressing status as the main indicators, we optimized the formulation and preparation process of the effervescent tablet by single factor test. The character, identification, disintegration time, acidity, and content determination of the tablets were also investigated. ResultsIt was found that the optimized preparation process of the effervescent tablets was to mix the acid part, which was granulated with ethanol, with the base part, and then compressed the mixture. The optimal formula was composed of: NaCl(11.5%), KCl(4.93%), C6H8O7(6.21%), NaHCO3(8.15%), C6H12O6(65.7%), and PEG-6000(3%).The rigidity of the prepared effervescent tablet was 4.5 kg and the disintegration time was 175 s. ConclusionThe formulation of the present product is consistent with the corresponding Chinese Pharmacopoeia monograph, requiring no additional effervescent; the preparation process is simple and the products are stable, and the product my be developed into a new oral rehydration salt formulation.

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Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the prevalence, image findings and risk factors of silent cerebral infarctions (SCI) in healthy subjects undergoing physical examination.MethodsA total of 1,008 consecutive subjects, who underwent brain MRI as part of their routine health check from May 2006 to March 2010, were included in the present study. The prevalences of SCI were compared in subjects of different ages and sexes, and the imaging features of the ischemic lesions were summarized. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association of SCI with common risk factors.ResultsWe identified 328 subjects who had SCI on MRI, with the prevalence being 32.5%, and we also found that 83.4% of the ischemic lesions were lacunar infarcts and mainly located in the frontal lobe, centrum semiovale, basal ganglia, and periventricular white matter. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses showed that the age, hypertension,diabetes mellitus,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein α, uric acid and carotid intima-media thickness were statistically significant between SCI and non-SCI patients, and they were the independent factors of SCI.ConclusionSCI is common in Chinese population, and more attention is needed for control of its risk factors.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore apoptosis-inducing effect of lanthanum chloride in cervical cancer cells in vitro and the related mechanism, so as to provide a theoretical basis for medical use of rare earth complex. MethodsThe anti-tumor activity of lanthanum chloride against HeLa cells was examined by morphological observation and MTT (3-\[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl\] -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Distribution of cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry (FCM). The expression and activation of Caspase-3 were examined by Western blotting assay and spectrophotometry. ResultsMorphological observation and MTT assay showed that lanthanum chloride significantly induced apoptosis in HeLa cells and inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05). FCM analysis showed that the cell ratio of G0/G1 phase increased and that of S phase decreased significantly with the increase of lanthanum chloride doses. Lanthanum treatment also induced cell apoptosis dose-dependently. The minimum dose of lanthanum chloride to trigger apoptosis was 5 μmol/L, and the apoptosis rate increased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group (P＜0.01). Western blotting analysis showed that lanthanum chloride up-regulated Caspase-3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Lanthanum chloride can inhibit growth of human cervical cancer HeLa cells and induce cell apoptosis via Caspase pathway.

Abstract:K-ras gene mutation is commonly seen in lung adenocarcinoma. Cigarette smoking is thought to be an important reason for K-ras gene mutation. Studies have reported that K-ras mutations can influence the subtyping and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Recently, the techniques to detect K-ras mutation have been continuously improved, greatly promoting the detection sensitivity of K-ras mutations, even in tissues with small amount of tumor component. Emerging data showed that K-ras mutation can induce primary resistance of lung adenocarcinoma to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and decrease the efficacy of chemotherapy. Therefore, K-ras mutation has attracted considerable attention as a target for diagnosis and anticancer therapy. In this review, we summarize recent studies on K-ras mutations in lung adenocarcinoma, and discuss the development, diagnosis, and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.

Abstract:Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with different etiologies.Despite of many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used in clinical treatment, about 30% of the patients have uncontrolled onset, and combined use of different AEDs or new AEDs are needed. The new AEDs should have satisfactory clinical efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties, and minimal adverse effects.By now there have been about 20 novel AEDs; most of them are derivatives or analogues of current AEDs. Brivaracetam (BRI) is the derivative of levetiracetam(LEV). This review summarizes the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic profiles, tolerability, pharmacology and toxicology, and side effects of LEV and its derivative BRI.

Abstract:Molecular targeted therapy has recently become a focus of study for non-small cell lung cancer.The drugs for molecular targeted therapy mainly include monoclonal antibodies against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor（VEGFR）, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.These drugs have achieved positive outcomes in clinic, but they also have toxic effects such as rash, diarrhea, and hypertension.Some new agents in clinical development, such as sorafenib, sunitinib, vorinostat, vandetanib, also showed toxic effects, which greatly influence the patients quality of life and reduce the compliance for the drugs.This paper reviews the toxicities and the managements of molecular targeted drugs during treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Abstract:\[Abstract\]〓Objective〓 To improve the staining efficiency and quality of biological specimens ultrathin section for transmission electron microscopy. Methods〓 The “plugin staining method” and continuous staining were developed by modifying the traditional staining method. Results〓 Using our method, we completed the electron staining of a large number of ultrathin sections of biological specimens of within a short period of time. 〖WTHZ〗Conclusion〓 Compared with traditional method, the new method can save time and drug, and reduce the possibility of staining contamination. The ultrastructure observed by electron microscope is more clear and distinct.

Abstract:Objective To study the effect of low molecular dextran on venous thromboembolism of patients after radical correction of cavitas pelvis. Method This propective randomized case-control study consisted of two hundred and seventy six postoperative patients with high risk of venous thromboembolism,low molecular dextran was used as prophylactics for venous thromboembolism, and the change of blood routine, coagulation function and morbidity of deep vein thrombosis were analyzed. Result After operation, D-dimer、Coagulation Factor Ⅱ and blood viscosity in patients using low molecular dextran was lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Coagulation funtion can be improved by using low molecular dextran after radical correction of cavitas pelvis,postoperative venous thromboembolism can be decreased.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the expressions of EMMPRIN and MMP-7 in human endometrial cancer,and to evaluate the clinical significance of these two markers in the progression of endometrial cancer．Methods: The expressions of EMMPRIN and MMP-7 was examined by immunohistochemistry in all specimens,and the results were statistically analyzed．Results：The positive rates of EMMPRIN and MMP-7 in normal endometrium 、atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma were 9.09％ and 6.82％（4/44 and 3/44）、43.1% and 41.2%（22/51and 21/51）、61％ and 59.8％（50/82 and 49/82）,respectively,with significant differences found between the latter two groups(P<0.05). EMMPRIN and MMP-7 expressions in endometrial cancer was not correlated with the size of primary tumor or patient ages，ang it was correlated with histological grades and lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05). Spearman rank correlation test analysis showed that the expressions of EMMPRIN and MMP-7 in endometrial cancer was positively correlated with them (r = 0.863, P <0.01). Conclusion：EMMPRIN and MMP-7 may participate in the development ,progression,metastasis of endometrial cancer, may be synergistic in endometrial cancer of the lymph node metastases．

Abstract:[摘要] 目的 观察大肠癌组织及正常结直肠组织标本中外周型苯二氮NFDB2受体(PBR)、p27Kip1、Cyclin E的表达,探讨大肠癌可能的临床预后影响因素。 方法 收集85例手术治疗大肠癌组织及15例正常结直肠组织标本,进行免疫组化染色,观察p27Kip1、Cyclin E蛋白的表达；收集40例大肠癌患者的癌组织及10例正常结直肠组织新鲜冰冻标本,蛋白质印迹分析检测PBR、p27Kip1和Cyclin E蛋白表达,RTPCR检测PBR、p27Kip1、Cyclin E mRNA的表达。 结果 大肠癌组织中PBR、Cyclin E高表达,p27Kip1低表达,且Cyclin E与p27Kip1蛋白表达负相关；Cyclin E阴性和p27Kip1阳性患者的5年生存率明显增加；p27Kip1和Cyclin E的表达进入Cox风险比例模型。 结论 大肠癌组织PBR、p27Kip1、Cyclin E异常表达。

Abstract:Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics of botulism in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture during the recently 10 years. Methods: The data of botulism in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture from 2000 to 2009 were collected and the epidemiological characteristics including seasonal, timely, regional distributions and the responsible foods vary were analyzed. Results: Totally, 89 cases of botulism were involved in this study. The incidence of botulism was significant differences among seasons and years respectively. During the 10-year study period, the number of cases was the greatest in 2006(22.47%), and the number of cases was the lowest in 2001(1.127%)(ⅹ2=53.652, p=0.000) .In addition, the number of botulism was the greatest in winter (55.06%) and the lowest in summer (5.62%)(ⅹ2=52.618, p=0.000). Consumption of home-made bean product which poisoned by Clostridium botulinum bacteria was the most frequent cause of botulism in this study. Conclusion: The key to the control and prevention of botulism is adequate processing and storage of food to destroy spores and prevent their germination and toxin production

Abstract:To summarize the diagonsis and the treatment for gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma(RCC). Methods：A patient with gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma was retrospetively studied.Literautres about gastric metastasis from RCC were also reviewed.Results： the right lumbar abdominal pain was the first complain of the patient. Renal cell carcinomal and Gastrointestina tromal tumor were clinically diagonosed by imaging examination,radical nephrectomy and laparoscopic gastrectomy were performed successfully consequently and the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma were pathologically confirmed..Conclusions：With the literature reports, although RCC is known for its ubiquitous pattern of metastasis, gastric metastasis from RCC following radical excision of the primary tumor is extremely rare. Gastric metastatic often performed the symptoms of upper abdominal pain with anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding. Prognosis of gastric metastatic renal cell carcinoma is poor.Imaging and endoscopic examination is necessary and may be helpful for the diagnosis,pathological examination is the only way to confirm the diagnosis. Immunotherapy might effectively improve the prognosis, extend the lifetime of the patients, but still needs to be further clarified.

Abstract:【摘要】目的：研究在临时性血液透析导管封管时使用2.5%枸橼酸钠的有效性及安全性。方法：实验组在透析结束时使用2.5%枸橼钠进行导管内封管，对照组使用5%肝素钠。观察封管后不良反应，包括封管后出血、低钙抽搐、口唇麻木等；比较封管前后出凝血时间、血钙水平的变化；统计导管功能不良的发生率及溶栓药物使用情况，比较两种方法封管治疗费用等。结果：2.5%枸橼酸钠封管对患者出凝血时间、血钙水平无影响，导管功能不良发生率与肝素组相似，枸橼酸组平均治疗费用较肝素组低；发生导管内血栓的比例较肝素组升高，但均易吸出，不影响导管使用。结论：2.5%枸橼酸用于临时性中心静脉导管封管的安全性、有效性、经济性值得推广。

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