Abstract:ObjectiveTo assess the feasiblity of using ultrasonic endoscopy in retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery for treatment of endogenous renal tumor, and to summarize our clinical experience.MethodsA female patient, aged 28 years old, was found to have a mass (diameter 1.4 cm×1.0 cm, clinical stage T1aN0M0) in the right upper part of the kidney. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery was performed. The tumor could not be accurately located during the operation due to the smooth renal surface; then ultrasonic endoscopy was used to locate the tumor; and color Doppler mode was used to observe the blood supply of the tumor and its relation with surrounding tissues. The nephron-sparing surgery was performed following the guidance of ultrasonic endoscopy positioning; the integrity of tumor resection and surgical margin were also observed.ResultsThe involvement of the tumor and its blood supply were clearly displayed by ultrasonic endoscopy. No noticeable signals of blood flow were seen around the tumor after blocking the renal artery, and the tumor was totally and thoughly removed with a negative margin of 0.5-1.0 cm. There was no transfer to opening surgery. The procedure of ultrasonic endoscopy lasted for 5 min. Postoperative pathological results indicated angiomyolipoma with negative margins.ConclusionOur initial clinical practice suggests that ultrasonic endoscopy is safe and benificial for retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery in treatment of endogenous renal tumors, especially for observing the tumor location, tumor blood supply, and the integrity of resection.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the feasibility of using “flexible ultrasonic cystoscopy” (ultrasoundguided bronchoscopy as substitute) in diagnosing spaceoccupying lesions of the bladder. MethodsTotally 22 patients diagnosed as having “spaceoccupying lesions of the bladder” by routine transabdominal ultrasound were examined by a novel cystoscopy, namely, the “flexible ultrasonic cystoscopy” (ultrasoundguided bronchoscopy). Then all the patients received routine rigid cystoscopic examination, and 19 patients also underwent biopsy. Pertinent surgical procedures were performed according to the cystoscopic results. The visual analogue scales(VASs) were compared between ultrasonic cystoscopy and routine cystoscopy. The findings of the ultrasonic cystoscopy were compared with those of routine rigid cystoscopy and postoperative pathological findings. ResultsThe operation time taken by “flexible ultrasonic cystoscopy” examination was 410 min in the 22 patients, with a mean of (6.4±1.2) min, significantly longer than that by routine rigid cystoscopy(\[5.1±1.8\] min, P<0.01). The VAS of “flexible ultrasonic cystoscopy” was significantly lower than that of routine rigid cystoscopy(1.4±0.5 vs 4.3±1.3, P<0.01). Flexible ultrasonic cystoscopy clearly displayed the 3 layers of the bladder wall: mucosa/submucosa, muscle, and adventitia. Fifteen cases were diagnosed as having nonmuscleinvasive bladder cancer, 3 having muscleinvasive bladder cancer, and 1 having cervical adenocarcinoma metastasis to the end of left ureter and prolapsing into the bladder; the rest 3 patients had benign lesions of bladder, including 1 with urachal cyst combined with calcification, 1 with leiomyoma of bladder muscle layer, and 1 with cystitis glandularis. The outcomes of preoperative “flexible ultrasonic cystoscopy” were largely consistent with the postoperative pathological findings. Conclusion“Flexible ultrasonic cystoscopy” is feasible in clinical practice; it can display the 3 layers of bladder wall and indentify the lesions at the end of urethral tract and outside of the bladder. It has the advantage of minimal pain, without blind area. The range of motion of camera lens and working passage design still need to be improved.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo access the feasibility of using “flexible ultrasonic cystoscopy (FUCS)” (ultrasonic bronchoscope Olympus BF-UC260F-OL8 as a substitute) for staging of bladder cancer. MethodsFrom Jun. 2010 to Nov. 2010,36 patients with primary bladder urothelial carcinoma were examined by “FUCS” before operation and were staged by “FUCS” findings. All patients received IVP and enhanced pelvic CT. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients received TURBT,and the tumor base was routinely biopsied for pathology.Pathological results,traditional imaging evaluation, and “FUCS” evaluation were compared. Visual analog scores (VAS) were also compared between patients receiving “FUCS” and routine cystoscopy. ResultsCompared with conventional cystoscopy,the VAS of patients receiving intraoperative “FUCS” was significantly lower (1.3±0.5 vs 4.3±0.9, P<0.01). Of the 36 patients,28 were diagnosed as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Ta+T1) and 8 were diagnosed as muscle-invasive bladder cancer (T2+T3). Based on the postoperative pathologic results,“FUCS” had a 100% accuracy in diagnosing non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Conclusion“FUCS” is painless and feasible in clinical practice; it can display the depth of bladder wall invaded by tumor, and can be used for preoperative staging of primary bladder tumor.

Abstract:OBJECTIVE To investigate the difference in pain score of patients allowed to view their flexible cystoscopy procedure compared with those who have not viewed the procedure on the video monitor. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 110 male patients undergoing diagnostic and review flexile cystoscopy by a single urologist were randomized to 2 equal groups. Group 1 included 55 patients who were allowed to view the procedure on a video monitor. Group 2 included 55 patients who were unable to view the video monitor. All procedures were accompanied by the same real-time explanation. Patients’ pain feeling were recorded on an VAS (visual analog pain scale) ranging from 0 to 10 after flexible cystoscopy. The pulse and respiratory rate were also recorded. RESULTS The postprocedure pulse rate and respiratory rate were not statistically significantly different between groups. Male patients who watched the flexible cystoscopy procedure with simultaneous explanations got lower VAS score (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Male patients who watched the flexible cystoscopy procedure with simultaneous explanations experienced less discomfort during procedure.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo construct a lentiviral vector carrying short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of human Id2 gene and to investigate its effect on the proliferation and apoptosis in glioma cell line U251.MethodsFour shRNA sequences targeting human Id2 gene were designed and synthesized. The shRNAs were inserted into the pGCSIL-GFP lentiviral vector. Id2 sequence was amplified from the plasmid which contained Id2 gene as verified by PCR, and was inserted into the pEGFP-N1-3FLAG vector. Lentiviral vector for RNAi of Id2 was constructed and was used to infect 293T cells. The infection efficiency was evaluated and then the lentiviral vector was used to infect U251 cell line. Western blotting analysis was employed to assess the gene silencing efficiency. Cell proliferation was tested by MTT. Cell apoptosis was observed by RT-PCR analysis of caspase 3 expression in U251 cells after infection.ResultsThe results of PCR analysis and DNA sequencing agreed to each other. Compared with the control group, the transfected U251 cells had significantly decreased cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis rate and caspase 3 expression (P<0.05).ConclusionWe have successfully constructed lentivirus RNAi vector of Id2, which can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective To investigate the expression and effect of Livin gene silencing by siRNA on growth and apoptosis in U251 cells. Methods 　The targeting Livin siRNA was prepared and transfected into U251 cells. The gene silencing efficiency was monitored by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The proliferation and apoptosis of U251 cells were detected by MTT assays and flow cytometry. The tumor volume and mean life span of tumor bearing mice were also observed. Results Recombinant adenovirus could silence Livin gene at the level of mRNA and protein, inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of U251 cells. In addition, Recombinant adenovirus could also inhibit the tumor growth and prolong the lifespan of tumor bearing mice. Conclusion The recombinant adenovirus Livin siRNA effectively silenced the expression of Livin gene, inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis which provided a promising therapeutical strategy for glioma.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of microRNA-29c on the proliferation and invasion abilities of human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, and to discuss its potential application. MethodsThe difference in miR-29c expression between ADPC (androgen-dependent prostate cancer) and AIPC (androgen-independent prostate cancer) cell lines was observed by real time RT-PCR．MiR-29c-inhibitor(anti-miR-29c)was used to decrease miR-29c expression in LNCaP cells; then the cell proliferation was examined with CCK-8 assay, the cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry, and the invasive abilities of LNCaP cells were observed by transwell invasion assay before and after treatment with anti-miR-29c. ResultsThe result of real-time RT-PCR showed that miR-29c expression in LNCaP-AI cells was significantly lower than that in LNCaP cells (P<0.05). Down-expression of miR-29c in LNCaP cells significantly promoted the proliferation and invasion abilities of LNCaP cells (P<0.05). ConclusionNormal expression of miR-29c plays an inhibitory role in the proliferation and invasion of LNCaP cells, indicating it might be a new target for biotherapy of prostate cancer.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the expression of microRNA-200c (miR-200c) in ovarian cancer cell line and tissues, and to assess its possible clinical value. MethodsReal-time PCR was used to analyze the expression of miR-200c and miR-141 in HO-8910 (human ovarian cancer cell line), HO-8910PM (highly metastatic ovarian cancer cell line), and HO-8910 cluster cells. We also determined the expression of miR-200c and miR-141 in 83 ovarian cancer tissues, 13 borderline ovarian tumors, and 8 normal ovary tissues; the expression was compared between tumors of different pathological characters. ResultsExpression of miR-200c was down-regulated in HO-8910 cluster cells compared with those in HO-8910 and HO-8910PM cells(P＜0.05).Expressions of miR-141 and miR-200c were gradually up-regulated from the normal ovary tissue to borderline ovarian tumors, then to ovarian cancer tissues (P<0.05). Expression of miR-200c was down-regulated in the metastatic ovarian cancer and ovarian clear cell tumors and undifferentiated ovarian cancer cells(P<0.05). Patients with high miR-200c expression had a better prognosis than those with a low expression of miR-200c (P<0.05). Conclusion The decreased expression of miR-200c is correlated with the progression of ovarian cancer patients, and it is a risk factor of poor prognosis.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the biological characteristics of valvular interstitial cells in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), so as to lay a foundation for future study.MethodsTissue culture inoculation and immunomagnetic bead separation method were used to isolate the valvular interstitial cells from the normal aortic valves and CAVD valves. The morphological and behavioral characteristics of the isolated valvular interstitial cells were observed. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analysis were employed to determine cellular immunophenotype.ResultsCompared to normal valvular interstitial cells, CAVD valvular interstitial cells displayed a myofibroblast- and osteoblast-like morphology. When the cell density reached a certain level, they spontaneously retracted from the neighboring areas and grouped into aggregates, forming calcific nodules. Furthermore, CAVD valvular interstitial cells cultured in vitro were positive for myofibroblast marker α-SMA and osteoblast marker alkaline phosphatase.ConclusionBiological characteristic change of CAVD valvular interstitial cells might be the major reason for the thickening, calcification, and commissural fusion in CAVD valvular samples.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of trichostatin A(TSA) and sodium butyrate(NaB), histone deacetylase inhibitors, on the balance of Th1/Th2 after differentiation of peripheral blood CD4+T cells. MethodsPeripheral CD4+T cells were grown in vitro and were divided into TSA group, NaB group, and CON group. The concentrations of IL-4 and IFN-γ (Th1/Th2 factors) in the supernatants were examined by ELISA in each group 48 h later; the expressions of IL-4 and IFN-γ were analyzed by qRT-PCR; and the T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood (PBL) were measured by flow cytometry. Results ELISA showed that the supernatant IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in the TSA and NaB groups were significantly higher than those in the CON group 48 h after treatment with TSA(0.33 μmol/L) and NaB(1.4 mmol/L); real-time quantitative PCR also showed that the expressions of IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA in TSA and NaB groups were significantly higher than those in the CON group(3.121, 2.31; P<0.05). However, flow cytometry showed that the ratios of IFN-γ+ cells/IL-4+ cells were significantly higher in TSA and NaB groups than that in the CON group((1.931,1.551;P<0.05) .ConclusionTreatment with TSA and NaB, both histone deacetylase inhibitors,can induce a shift of Th1/ Th2 cell balance toward Th1 cells in peripheral CD4+T cells.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the role of icaritin in delaying the progression of liver cirrhotic process in rats and the related mechanism.MethodsFor in vitro study, primary rat hepatocytes were obtained by perfusing the liver of male Wistar rats; the cultured cells were exposed to the fresh medium containing CCl4, and then treated with various concentrations of icaritin. The activities of alanine transaninase (ALT) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) in culture medium were measured with an automatic biochemical analyzer. The intracellular contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by spectro-photometry; the apoptotic cells were detected by the TUNEL method. For in vivo study, CCl4-induced experimental rat hepatic fibrosis model was established and was treated with icaritin. Serum levels of ALT, AST, albumin(ALB), and globulin(GLB) were measured; the pathological changes and collagen Ⅰ expression in livers were observed by HE staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively.ResultsCCl4 significantly increased the activities of ALT, AST, and the contents of MDA in culture media of hepatocytes, and significantly decreased the SOD activity. More apoptotic cells were observed in CCl4 group than that in icaritin group. The ALT, AST activities in culture supernatant and the intracellular MDA contents in icaritin group were significantly lower than those in both model group and drug carrier group, while intracellular SOD activity was much higher than that in other two groups (P<0.05). Icaritin also reduced the apoptotic ratios of hepatocytes induced by CCl4 compared with model group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). In the in vivo experiment, icaritin treatment significantly reduced serum levels of ALT and AST compared with model group (P<0.05) and greatly improved CCl4-induced liver histopathological injuries and collagen Ⅰ deposition in the liver tissues.ConclusionIcaritin treatment can attenuate CCl4-induced cirrhosis in rats, at least in part, by protecting the hepatocytes from peroxidation product.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the effect of Tongluo recipe on leptin and insulin in rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsA total of 30 adult male SD rats were equally randomized into the following 3 groups: normal control group, diabetes mellitus group and Tongluo recipe group. SD rats were administered intraperitoneally with STZ(60 mg/kg) to induce the model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The rats in Tongluo recipe group were administered intragastrically with Tongluo recipe(1.0 g·kg-1·d-1), and the other two groups were administered intragastrically with double distilled water in the same dosage. The body weight, white adipose tissue weight, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and leptin levels were compared between each group 8 weeks later. The expression of leptin mRNA in white adipose tissue was examined. ResultsCompared with diabetes mellitus group, the body weight, fasting insulin, and leptin were significantly higher (P<0.05 or 0.01) in the Tongluo recipe group, the levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid were significantly lower(P<0.05 or 0.01) in Tongluo recipe group, and the expression of leptin mRNA was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the Tongluo recipe group. ConclusionTongluo recipe may correct the disturbance in the lipid and glucose metabolism by improving the low leptin and insulin levels in diabetic rats.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of ligustrazine hydrochloride(LHC) injection on TGF-β1-induced proliferation and type Ⅳ collagen secretion in the human mesangial cells(HMCs).MethodsThe interstitial fibrosis in kidney disease was mimicked by inducing proliferation and type Ⅳ collagen secretion in HMCs with TGF-β1. The experiment was divided into 5 groups: blank, control, low, medium, and high(10, 30, and 100 μg/ml)ligustrazine hydrochloride groups. MTT method was adopted to examine the proliferation and inhibition rate of HMCs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the production of type Ⅳ collagen in cultured HMCs.ResultsLHC at high concentration (100 μg/ml) significantly inhibited the proliferation of HMCs (P<0.01). LHC also inhibited the production of type Ⅳ collagen, with the significant inhibition found when at the concentration of 100 μg/ml (P<0.01).ConclusionLHC can greatly inhibit TGF-β1-induced proliferation and expression of type Ⅳ collagen in human mesangial cells.

Abstract:\[Abstract\] Objective To investigate the expression of ankyrin repeats in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) and its clinical significance. Methods The expression of gankyrin protein was detected by immunohistochemical method in 55 OSCC specimens and the corresponding paracancer nontumor tissues; the differential expression of gankyrin protein was analyzed in OSCC specimens of different pathological characteristics; we also analyzed the possible clinical value of the differential expression. Results Expression of gankyrin in the OSCC tissues was significantly stronger than that in the corresponding paracancer nontumor tissues (P=0.000). Gankyrin protein expression was significantly different between OSCC tissues of high,low and moderate differentiation (P=0.006). We also found that the expression of gankyrin was not associated with the sex, age, or lymphatic status of OSCC patients. Conclusion Gankyrin protein is overexpressed in OSCC tissues,which might be related to the differentiation degree of OSCC.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the most suitable reaction condition for human leukocyte elastase (HLE) and its substrates, so as to establish a high-throughput in vitro screening model for HLE inhibitor. MethodsBy measuring the UV absorbance of the product p-NA, we studied the electrolyte concentration, temperature, pH, enzyme/substrate concentration, the influence of reaction time, and detection wavelength on the reaction, so as to determine the optimal condition for the reaction between HLE and its substrates. ResultsThe suitable reaction condition was determined as follows: HLE (0.2 U/ml) 30 μl, substrate (50 mmol/L) 100 μl, Tris buffer(1.0 mol/L NaCl, pH 7.5), temperature 37℃, reaction time 24 h, and detection wavelength 545 nm. ConclusionWe have successfully established a stable in vitro HLE inhibitor screening model with high sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability, which provides a better platform for HLE inhibitor screening.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo use three-dimensional finite element model analysis for studying the lumbar biomechanical characteristics following nucleus discectomy in a patient with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion. MethodsA novel CAD method was adopted to accurately create the finite element models of L4/5 segment, including the models for normal disc, degenerated disc, denucleated disc immediately after operation (denucleated model), and denucleated disc after a longer time period (scar growth model). Furthermore, the biomechanical parameters of the four models were examined under five different loads, namely, compression, flexion, extension, forward and backward shear loads. Results(1)Under the five loads, the stiffness of degenerated model was increased compared with that of the normal disc under all 5 different loads. (2)The stiffness of denucleated model was decreased than that of degenerated disc and increased than that of the normal disc. (3)The stiffness of scar growth model was enhanced and even surpassed that of the degenerated model due to the fact that the scar tissue filled the intradisc cavity. (4) The facet contact force was decreased under flexion, extension, and backward shear loads in denucleated model, and were increased under extension, forward and backward shear loads in scar growth model. (5) The backward bulge in the degenerated model was obviously slighter than that in the normal model. The backward bulge of denucleated model increased to some extent, and its inner annulus fibrous had inward bulging. ConclusionNucleus discectomy has different effects on the biomechanics of lumbar motion segment in patients at different time points after operation. The impacts on lumbar stability and posterior structure are small immediately after nucleus discectomy, and the lumbar motion segment may stiffen and the stress of articular process may increase after a longer time period following nucleus discectomy.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the value of computed tomographic dacryocystography(CT-DCG)and computed tomographic three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction in diagnosis and treatment of patients with nasal structural abnormality accompanied by asymptomatic lacrimal flow.MethodsA total of 18 nasal structural abnormality patients with asymptomatic lacrimal flow and nasal obstruction were enrolled in the present study. All the 18 cases had hypertrophic inferior turbinate and 12 cases also had nasal septum deviation. The lacrimal flow caused by ocular diseases was excluded. All the patients received radiofrequency ablation of the inferior turbinate under nasal endoscope, and the 12 patients also received nasal septum deviation surgery. The CT-DCG and 3D reconstruction were done preoperatively and postoperatively. All the patients were followed-up for 12 months.ResultsCT-DCG and 3D reconstruction could clearly display the anatomy of lacrimal duct and the surrounding tissues. Preoperative image showed obstruction of orifice of the nasolacrimal duct; postoperative image showed patent lacrimal duct and the contrast medium could flow out from the nasal passage. All the 18 cases had the nasal septum at the middle line, with shrunk inferior turbinate. The nasal obstruction recovered in 14(77.8%) patients and improved in 4(22.2%) patients. The symptom of epiphora disappeared in 13(72.2%) and improved in 5 cases(27.8%).ConclusionCT-DCG and 3D reconstruction of lacrimal duct is valuable for clinical management of patients with nasal structural abnormality accompanied by asymptomatic lacrimal flow.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the clinical effectiveness of a modified laparoscopic high ligation in treatment of inguinal hernial sac in infants.MethodsThe high ligation of hernial sac was conducted using a modified method: the laparoscopic suture of hernia sac was performed with No.4 thread in two semi-circles, facilitated by a No.8 syringe needle holding outside of the body. Two thread ends were knotted outside by supporting trocar and then put back into the abdomen. The thread end was tightened and knotted subcutaneously at the groin. A total of 183 infants received the modified ligation. The average operation time, postoperative hospitalization stay, and the rates of postoperative reoccurrence and complication were observed and the operative efficacy was evaluated.ResultsThe modified laparoscopic high ligation was successfully conducted in all the 183 infants (142 males and 41 females, 278 sides in total) without transitional opening. Unilateral operation time lasted from 6.8-15.2 min (with a mean of \[13.1±1.2\] min). Bilateral operation time lasted from 22.7-33.3 min (with a mean of \[28.4±4.7\] min). Postoperative hospitalization stay varied from 1 day to 3 days (with a mean of \[2.3±0.6\] days). The postoperative reoccurrence rate was 0.7%. Delitescence hernia was identified in 48 cases (35.2%) and was treated by high ligation.ConclusionOur modified laparoscopic high ligation for treatment of inguinal hernia sac is effective, easy-to-perform and easy-to-learn, making it worth popularizing in clinic.

Abstract:For the complexity of the metabolic pathways and the characteristics of “multiple components, multiple targets and the overall adjustment functions” of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and natural products in organism, nowadays, metabonomics have been widely applied in TCM metabolites and pharmacodynamic mechanism researches. However, the study of metabonomics needs much exogenous and endogenous metabolites information of biological fluids, which requires more powerful analytical techniques. The paper reviewed liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques commonly applied to TCM metabolites and metabonomics researches. And then we summarized and comparatively analyzed the data of 23 literatures searched from Pubmed database. The advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of LC-MS techniques in TCM metabonomics studies were discussed, and the advantages of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS were indicated, which contributes to provide new ideas for TCM metabonomics researches.

Abstract:Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD)is the most frequent inherited kidney disease，the incidence rate is about 100-250 per 100,000．The roles of epigenetic modulation of gene expression and protein functions in ADPKD have recently become the focus of scientific investigation.Evidence generated to-date indicates that one of the epigenetic modifiers, histone deacetylases (HDACs),are important regulators of ADPKD. HDACs are involved in regulating the expression of the Pkd1 gene and are the target of fluid flow-induced calcium signal in kidney epithelial cells.The expression of HDAC6 is upregulated in cystic epithelial cells.HDAC6 can regulate ciliogenesis and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) trafficking through deacetylating α-tubulin and regulate Wnt signaling through deacetylating β-catenin. HDAC inhibitors have been found to reduce the progression of cyst formation and slow the decline of kidney function in Pkd1 conditional knockout mice and Pkd2 knockout mice, respectively,implicating the potential clinical application of HDAC inhibitors on ADPKD.

Abstract:Angiotensin-(1-7) is an alternative metabolite of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with actions that oppose those of angiotensinⅡ, via its binding to a specific receptor known as Mas. This review focused on the evidence suggesting that angiotensin-(1-7) is beneficial to tissues, and the potential of this protective component of the RAS in therapeutics of several diseases.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective To investigate the significance of expression of MMP-9, IL-6 mRNA and corresponding proteins in Osteoarthritis. Methods Immunohistochemical(IHC) analysis was used to determine the distribution of MMP-9 and IL-6 protein in chondrocytes and synoviocytes of osteoarthritis from 60 patients with osteoarthritis group and 20 patients with normal control group. Expression of MMP-9 and IL-6 mRNA in chondric and synovial tissues was detected in 30 cases with osteoarthritis group and 10 cases with normal control group by in situ hybridization(ISH). Results IOD of MMP-9 mRNA and corresponding protein in OA was significantly higher than normal control group (P<0.01), and there was difference between IOD of IL-6 mRNA and corresponding protein in OA and control group (P<0.05). There were positive correlations both between mRNA and corresponding protein in OA (r=0.924, 0.917; P<0.01). There were also significantly positive correlations both between IOD of MMP-9 and IL-6 in OA detected by ISH and IHC (r=0.426, P<0.05; r=0.444, P<0.01),respectively. Conclusion IL-6 may be up-regulate the expression of MMP-9 of articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes in OA, and both promote the biological behavior of OA such as occurrence,progress,etc.

Abstract:Objective： To study the effect of the non-depolarizing muscle relaxants rocuronium and cis-atracurium on uterine smooth muscle contraction of isolated rat at the labor stages. Methods：SD rats at labor stages were killed by cervical off. The uterine smooth muscle tissue was placed into the in vitro devices. The depolarized muscle relaxants were given to the bath and converted by the transducer. The value of the smooth muscle contraction were recorded in the multichannel physiological signal analysis system. The value of smooth muscle contraction were recorded before the oxytocin antagonist and muscle relaxant, neostigmine were used in smooth muscle. For comparison of the drugs, the SPSS17 was used in data processing of smooth muscle contraction（ P＜0.05）. Results： Rocuronium and cis-atracurium had significantly inhibited effect on the uterine smooth muscle of isolated rat at labor stages. There was no significant difference in statistics between the two groups（ P＜0.05）. This contractil inhibition could be eased by oxytocin and neostigmine（ P ＜0.05）. Conclusion： Rocuronium or cis-atracurium prossessed antagonism for M receptor, so they could produce inhibitory effect on the uterine smooth muscle of isolated rat at laboe stages. Oxytocin and neostigmine could relax uterine smooth muscle inhibition caused by non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. Acute severe obstetrics patients in general anesthesia with muscle relaxants should be taken to avoid residual effects may be due to uterine inertia.

Abstract:目的探讨肠系膜缺血性疾病(mesenteric ischemia,MI)的病变特点及相关危险因素；评价肠管受累范围及手术方式对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析1994年1月至2010年1月新华医院收治经手术病理证实的26例肠系膜缺血性疾病患者的临床资料,探讨影响预后的相关因素。26例MI患者包括肠系膜静脉血栓形成(MVT)14例,其中存在肝硬化9例；肠系膜动脉栓塞(MAO)10例,其中既往合并脑梗死5例、合并房颤3例。结果剧烈腹痛是MI的共同表现。出现Bergan三联症的患者中66.7%预后不佳；发病12 h内出现腹膜炎体征者病死率为57.1%。本组病例中仅空肠受累者全部存活,回肠受累者病死率为43.8%,累及结肠者病死率为66.7%。手术治疗24例,所有保留回盲瓣的肠切除患者均无短肠综合征发生。16例治愈出院的患者中,3例失访,2例死亡(死因分别为短肠综合征及呼吸衰竭),其余11例生存至今,无复发,无营养障碍。结论MI是全身血管性疾病的一种表现形式,整个肠道均可受累,肠管受累范围越靠远端,病死率越高。手术时机和方式的把握是降低病死率的关键,应在避免短肠的基础上切除足够范围的病变肠管,在保证肠管生机的前提下尽可能保留回盲瓣。

Abstract:Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of mini-PNL and standard PNL in horseshoe kidney. Methods: A total of 14 patients with horseshoe kidney were offered PCNL from January 2007 to December 2010 in our department. The male/female ratio was 2.5(10/4). The mean age was 38 years (range 29-55). All underwent color Doppler sonography, plain x-ray of kidney, ureter, and bladder, intravenous urography and CT. The left-to-right ratio was 1.8(9/5). All 14 patients had multiple stones or complex renal calculi, including 1 with staghorn stones. Mean stone size was 4.2cm(2-6.5cm). 10 patients had a history of failed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. All percutaneous renal surgery was performed in one session under ultrasonography guidance. Among the treatments, 4 were mini-PNL, 10 were standard PNLs. Results: All surgery was successfully performed in one session under ultrasonography guidance by F18 tract or F24 tract. The stone-free rate after one-session operation was 78.6 %( 11/14). mini-PNL group was 75%(3/4), while PNL group was 80%(8/10). 3 cases received ESWL to remove the residual calculi, no second-session operation. 9 were performed in one tract and 5 in two tracts. 9 in upper calix, 7 in middle and 3 in lower. Mean operative time was 112.5±67.5min, mini-PNL operative time was longer than that of standard PNL (135±45min vs102.5±75min, respectively). Conversely, there was an advantage for miniperc over standard PNL in terms of a significantly reduced hematocrit drop (2.8±0.4g/dl VS 4.2±0.8g/dl, respectively). No mini-PNL patients required blood transfusions, whereas 3 did in the standard PNL group. Postoperative rate of surgery-related infection was 14.4 %( 2/14). No pleural or abdominal injury occurred. Conclusion: Both treatments have their own advantage. Mini-PNL and standard PNL are both effective and safe for calculi within horseshoe kidneys.

Abstract:【Abstract】 Objective To compare the variance of internal jugular vein and carotid artery after inserting laryngeal mask and To assess the clinical value and safety of real-time ultrasound-guided technique for internal jugular vein catheterization with laryngeal mask ventilation. Methods Eighty patients with laryngeal mask ventilation were randomly allocated to control group(n=40) and ultrasound-guided group(n=40). before inserting laryngeal mask, every patient’s diameter of vessels, horizontal distance and overlap between internal jugular vein and carotid artery at three different level (low level: 1cm above supraclavicular fossa; middle level: junction of the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; high level: middle point of anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle) were measured by ultrasound machine and it was done after inserting laryngeal mask. Punctures of the internal jugular vein in control group were performed by traditional technique, whereas punctures in another group were performed under the way of real-time ultrasound-guided. Results ①after inserting laryngeal mask, low level: diameters of the internal jugular vein and the carotid artery do not change (p>0.05); carotid artery is pushed closer to internal jugular vein (0.39±0.53, p<0.05); partial overlap rate between them increases to 75% (60/80, p<0.05); complete overlap rate between them increases to 25% (20/80, p<0.01). middle level: diameter of the internal jugular vein becomes shorter (0.72±0.15, p<0.01), but that of the carotid artery does not change (p>0.05); complete overlap rate between them reach to 100% (80/80, p<0.01). high level: diameter of the internal jugular vein becomes shorter (0.88±0.10, p<0.05), and that of the carotid artery does not change (p>0.05); the distance between them become shorter (0.25±0.39, p<0.01); partial overlap rate between them is 30% (24/80, p>0.05); complete overlap rate between them reach to 70% (56/80, p<0.01). ②in ultrasound-guided group, 38 cases were succeeded at first attempt (95%, p<0.05), the time of cannulation last shorter [(3.4±1.3)min, p<0.05] and complication of puncture occurs lower(5%, p<0.05). whereas in control group, they are not the same ( 60%, 24/40; 7.2±3.1; 37.5%, 15/40) . Conclusion Diameter of the internal jugular vein, location of the carotid artery and the overlap between them have an obvious change after inserting laryngeal mask. At the same time, real-time ultrasound-guided technique for internal jugular vein catheterization is an more effective and safer method.

Abstract:【ABSTRACT】： Objective : To establish a SYBR Green quantitative real-time PCR method to monitor the dynamics for NF-κB mRNA and IκB mRNA of opened abdominal injury with seawater immersion in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group(n=7), the opened abdominal injury groups(n=28, all rats were randomly divided into four groups separately , which groups were 12h, ,24h, 48h ,and 72h after wounded) and opened abdominal injury with seawater immersion groups(n=28,a all rats were randomly divided into four groups separately , which groups were 12h, ,24h, 48h ,and 72h after wounded).The dynamics for the express of NF-κB mRNA and IκB mRNA of small intestine tissues was detected in every groups by real-time PCR method.. Results: NF-κB mRNA level was rise obviously after 72h in the opened abdominal injury with seawater immersion groups than other groups in same time point（P＜0.01）.The expression of IκB mRNA level was rise obviously after 48h in the opened abdominal injury with seawater immersion groups compared with the opened abdominal injury groups after 48h（P＜0.01）. Conclusions: The NF-κB signal pathways was activated and magnified in latter periods of the opened abdominal injury with seawater immersion（＞72h）, Which led to the development of continued inflammatory course ultimately.

Abstract:目的：探讨下调miR-21表达对抑制乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231增殖能力的效果和机制。方法：通过脂质体介导转染反义寡聚核苷酸(ASO-miR-21)下调乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231中miR-21的表达。使用荧光定量PCR检测转染后MDA-MB-231细胞miR-21表达水平下调；CCK-8法评价ASO-miR-21对 MDA-MB-231细胞生长效果的抑制；Hoechst33258染色检测转染后MDA-MB-231细胞细胞凋亡情况；采用RT-PCR及western blot评价转染后MDA-MB-231细胞中的肿瘤发育相关基因(Bcl-2、TPM1，和Caspase3)表达的改变。结果：实时定量PCR法：ASO-miR-21转染组miR-21表达较对照组下调；CCK-8结果显示ASO-miR-21转染组肿瘤细胞生长速度小于对照组与无义寡核苷酸组； Hoechst33258染色检测细胞凋亡可见ASO-miR-21转染组细胞凋亡程度高于对照组与无义寡核苷酸组；RT-PCR及western blot表明ASO-miR-21治疗后MDA-MB-231细胞Bcl-2下调、TPM1，Caspase3表达不同程度上调。结论：以miR-21作为靶点抑制MDA-MB-231生长具有可行性，miR-21可以作为乳腺癌基因治疗的候选靶点。

Abstract:Objective To investigate clinical therapeutic effect and complication applying autogenous iliac bone combined with allogeneic cortical bone reconstructing the collapse of the tibial plateau fracture. Method June 2007 ~ December 2008 combined with autogenous iliac bone allograft reconstruction of tibial plateau bone collapse in 27 cases. According to Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures, Ⅱ fracture in 19 cases, Ⅲ fracture in 8 cases, all patients underwent preoperative lateral radiograph line is, CT scan and reconstruction, in order to accurately understand the extent of fractures and fracture collapse and crush Flip the direction of debris. Where the fracture collapse> 5mm, and no joint degeneration before injury who are treated as indications of the surgical method. Results 27 patients received more than 1 year follow-up after an average follow-up of 1.5 years (1 ~ 2.5), the fractures healed, no postoperative infection, no wound edge skin necrosis, no necrosis of fracture fragments. Conclusion Applying autogenous iliac bone combined with allogeneic cortical bone reconstructing the collapse of the tibial plateau fracture may compensate for the lack of allogeneic cortical bone, and enhance fracture healing.

Abstract:Obiective To compare the effects of nanometer artificial bone versus iliac autograft in treatment of unstable C type collapse distal radius fracture. Method Between June 2006 and June 2008, 65 patients suffered unstable C type collapse distal radius fracture were involved in this study, including 35 patients with nanometer artificial bone treatment and 30patients with iliac autograft bone. Operation time, blood loss, drainage and wound healing were compared in each group. X-ray was took in1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after operation. Results Two groups of patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years, an average of 2.2 years. For operation time and blood loss, the nanometer artificial bone group was significantly less than the iliac autogenous group (P<0.05). There was no difference in days of hospitalization, level of serum calcium and phosphorus levels between the two groups. According to Gartland and Werley score, there were excellent in 8 cases, good in 12 cases, general in 3 cases and 4 poor cases for the group of nanometer artificial bone treatment,excellent and good rate was 85.7%.In the other group, there were excellent in 17 cases, good in 9 cases, general in 2 cases and 1 poor cases,excellent and good rate was 86.7%. Conclusion The combination of nanometer artificial bone with plate fixation for treatment of unstable C type collapse distal radius fracture can prevent bone loss after fracture reduction effectively. As a bone graft substitute, nanometer artificial bone has a good prospect for clinical application.