Abstract:Objective: To analysis the cardiac structural changes of patients with primary aldosterone (PA) and the evolution after treatment with spironolactone in idopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). The association between cardiac structutal changes and aldosteronism levels and treatment with spironolactone is also investigated. Methods: 172 patients with PA were enrolled and 100 patients with essential hypertension (EH) served as control group. All the clinical data of these patients were collected. At baseline, biochemical, hormones and echocardiographic parameters of PA group were compared with those of patients with EH. During follow-up, 38 patiens with idopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) who were given spironolactone underwent biochemical, plasma aldosterone level and echocardiographic assements. The clinical data including blood pressure, aldosteronism levels and echocardiographic parameters after follow-up were compared with those data on baseline in those patients for analyzing. Results: Ventricular volumes，wall thickness and left ventricle mass index (LVMI) were greater in patients with EH than PA (P<0.01) and positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (P<0.05). LVMI decreased significantly in patients with IHA after follow-up (P<0.01), and the major influence factor was the plasma aldoterone level lowing. Conclusion: Cardiac structural changes greater in PA group compared with EH group and positively correlated with systolic blood pressure. Treatment with spironolactone would ameliorate the cardiac structural changes especially the cardiac hypertrophy in patients with IHA.

Abstract:Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of β-arrestin1 in newly-diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods One hundred and fifty-five newly-diagnosed childhood ALL patients were enrolled in this study. Fifty-one sex- and age-matched patients without malignant hematological diseases were used as the control. The bone marrow samples were collected, then mononuclear cells of these samples were isolated. The mRNA expression of β-arrestin1 were detected by using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and the protein expression were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. The Spearman Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the correlations between β-arrestin1 expression and ALL patients’s clinical and biological features. Results The expression of β-arrestin1 was significantly up-regulated in ALL patients compared with that in controls (P<0.01). β-arrestin1 expression was significantly higher in high risk (HR) group and medium risk (MR) group than that in standard risk (SR) group of ALL, as well as β-arrestin1 expression was higher in HR group than that in MR group. Moreover, β-arrestin1 expression was positively correlated with WBC count and risk classification of ALL with Spearman correlation analysis. Conclusion β-arrestin1 expression is correlated with the risk classfication of ALL, which could be a useful marker for the diagnosis, therapy strategy and prognosis.

Abstract:Objectives: To predict the CAD in patients undergoing operation for mitral valve regurgitation, some logistic regression models have been established for the patients suffered from degenerative valve disease. In patients with rheumatic heart valve disease(RHVD), the risk of coexistent CAD is low and therefore the models might not be applicable for prediction. In this article, we sought to develop a logistic model that estimates the risk of significant CAD in elder patients undergoing operations for RHVD. Methods: A total of 585 elder patients who underwent routine coronary angiography before heart valve operations for RHVD between 1998 and 2009 were analyzed. A bootstrap logistic regression model on the basis of clinical risk factors was developed to identify low-risk (＜5%) patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare discrimination. Results: Independent predictors of coronary artery disease include age, male sex, angina, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. According to the logistic model, 155 patients were designated as low risk. Of these patients, only 4 (2.6%) had single-vessel disease, and none had multivessel disease. The model showed better discrimination than those established ones, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.793. Conclusion: Our model can reliably estimate the prevalence of significant CAD in elder patients before heart valve operations for RHVD. Low-risk patients can be identified in whom routine preoperative angiography may be safely avoided.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the change of serum testosterone (T)、serum corticosterone (C) and T/C of in SD rats which have been trained in different hypoxic concentration, and provide a eligible experiment evidence for hypoxia training. Methods: 60 SD rats(8-week-old) were randomly divided into 6 groups which denominated with control (C), exercise(E), 15% control (15C), 15% exercise(15E), 11% control(11C), and 11% exercise(11E) group, the way of exercise is treadmill running , and the level of serum T and C were checked by ELISA. Results: (1) the level of T in group 11C is lower than in group C（P<0.05）; the level of T in group 11E is lower than in group E（P<0.01）; (2) the level of C in group E is higher than in group C（P<0.05）; the level of C in group 11E and 15E are lower than in group E（P<0.05）; (3) the ratio of T/C in group 11C is lower than in group C（P<0.05）. Conclusion: The 11% oxygen concentration may cause negative effects on the T/C balance, but exercise may compensate the negative effect to some extent; the 15% oxygen concentration not yet influence the T/C balance.

Abstract:Objective: To find the genes correlated with the metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by detecting the specimens of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: 80 specimens of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ，including 17 cases of tongue, 13 cases of oral, 14 cases of oropharynx and 36 cases of hypopharynx, were detected by single nucleotide polymorphism chip.In the follow-up period,as the test group 39 patients occurs distant metastasis,as the control group 41 patients did not occur distant metastasis.Results: The results of single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP） showed a distinct peak of frequent genomic gain at 11q13. Using Cox analysis of the array data, we found relative risk of T allele of rs9651738 as the snp probe of SHANK2 gene was 3.61（P=0.003）, relative risk of T allele of rs4980690 as the snp probe of FGF4 gene was 3.63（P=0.003）, relative risk of T allele of rs7929885 as the snp probe of ANO1 gene was 4.35（P=0.008）, relative risk of T allele of rs687660 as the snp probe of PPFIA1 gene was 4.24(P=0.011) , relative risk of T allele of rs6606651 as the snp probe of ORAOV1 gene was 3.04(P=0.013), relative risk of T allele of rs592412 as the snp probe of CCND1 gene was 4.07(P=0.013). Conclusion: These genes at 11q13 can increase the risk of metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and possibly become the therapeutic target.These genes include T allele of rs9651738 in SHANK2, T allele of rs4980690 in FGF4 , T allele of rs7929885 in ANO1 , T allele of rs687660 in PPFIA1 , T allele of rs6606651 in ORAOV1 and T allele of rs592412 in CCND1.

Abstract:[ABSTRACT] Objective: To observe the effect of andrographolide on the expression of tumor necrosis factor -alpha and interleukin-12 in activated macrophages. Methods: Mouse peritoneal macrophages were harvested from mice that had been injected i.p. earlier with thioglycollate,were then cultured in media with andrographolide, lipopolysaccharide was then added to the media.Tumor necrosis factor -alpha , interleukin-12a and interleukin-12b mRNA of the macrophages were detected by RT-PCR. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 protein in the supernatants were detected by ELISA. Results：Andrographolide inhibit tumor necrosis factor -alpha , interleukin-12a and interleukin-12b mRNA as detected by RT-PCR in activated macrophages. Andrographolide inhibit both tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 protein in a concentration-dependent manner as detected by ELISA. 1ug/ml andrographolide partially suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, and 1ug/ml andrographolide significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha production. 1ug/ml andrographolide significantly inhibited nterleukin-12 production.. Conclusion: Andrographolide can inhibit the expression of both tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-12.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effects of edaravone on the physiopathology and cytokine levels, such as tumor necosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), after HS in rats. Methods: 24 rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: the sham-operated control group (Sham), the haemorrhage shock goup (I/R), and the haemorrhage shock with edaravone injection (I/R-ED). Rats in the latter two groups were bled from a femoral artery catheter in 10 minutes with MAP maintained within the range of 35 to 45 mmHg for 60 minutes and resuscitaton was induced by reinjecting 60% autologous blood and 2 times shed blood Ringer’s. At the initiation and ending of resuscitation, I/R group and I/R-ED group were given the same dose (2ml/kg) of saline and edaravone, respectively. Two hours and 24 hours after the ending of resuscitation, plasma TNF-α, IL-6, ALT, AST, LDH, CK, BUN and Cr were measured separately. Results: The three groups of plasma TNF-α, IL-6, ALT, AST, LDH, CK, BUN levels is different (p<0.01) in the trend of variation with time. At 24h after resuscitation, compared with I/R group, plasma TNF-α, IL-6, GPT, GOT, LDH, CK, BUN and Cr were significantly lower in I/R-ED group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that edaravone could effectively protect vital organs from reperfusion injury caused by free radicals following haemorrhage shock by reducing plama levels of TNF-α and IL-6.

Abstract:［ABSTRACT］ Objective To examine The impact of alanyl-glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability in patients after abdominal operation . Methods Two hundrus and sixteen patients undergone abdominal surgery were randomly divided into three groups and received conventional alanyl-glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition (GLN group), enteral nutrition (EN group) and parenteral nutrition(PN group) with isonitrogenic(0.2gN•kg-1•d-1) and isocarloric(125.4kJ•kg-1.d-1) support from postoperative day (POD) 3 to POD 11.On the day before operation POD 7and POD 12, 10g of lactulose and 5g of mannitol were given ,and 6-hour urine after administration was collected for detecting lactulose / mannitol (L/M)ratio. Results Elevated lactulose/ Mannitol (L/M) ratios were found in all the patients at POD7 as compared to POD l. The elevated ratio returned to control level in EN group and GLN group by day 12, but still remained high in PN group patients at POD12. Conclusions L/M ratio increases in the early period after surgical trauma. Enteral nutrition can provide a better protection against intestinal permeability. And alanyl-glutamine-enriched can improve such protection against intestinal permeability.

Abstract:【Abstract】Objective To characterize the electrodiagnostic features of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies（HNPP）. Methods Eight patients from three families with HNPP and their relatives underwent routine nerve conduction studies, and contrasted with 30 healthy subjects. Routine electrodiagnostic tests included median, ulnar, radial, tibial and proneal motor and sensory nerve conduction study. Results 76 motor nerve and 58 sensory nerve conduction velocity of the patients were tested. ①It showed broad and diffuse nerve conduction abnormalities，superimposed by conduction block, ulnar nerves at the elbow were more common than proneal nerves at the fibular head.②Distal motor latencies were significantly prolonged in 92.1% of the nerves, All the median and peroneal nerves with both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were prolonged.③The abnormal rate of motor nerve conduction slowing was 63.2%, the most common affected nerves were median and peroneal nerve.④The abnormal rate of sensory nerve conduction slowing was 89.6%, with sural and median nerve affected more.Conclusion Neurophysiological examination is crucial to diagnose clinically suspected HNPP patients. It is useful to screen the family members of HNPP patients, as well as early detection, early prevention.②HNPP is characterized electrophysiologically by a generalized neuropathy, superimposed by focal conduction block, prolonged distal motor latency, obvious in median and proenal nerves. The slowing of sensory conduction was more severe than motor conduction.

Abstract:【Abstract】Objective To report short-term follow-up on 8 patients with obliterative urethral stricture treated with the antegrade—retrograde via flexible cystoscopy urethrotomy with a cold knife． Methods From September 2007 to April 2010， 8 cases of obliterative urethral stricture underwent antegrade-retrograde via flexible cystoscopy endoscopic urethrotomy with a cold knife．The obliterative stricture was 0．8 to 2．0cm．Results The strictures of all patients were non－passable when using conventional retrograde urethrotomy．The antegrade—retrograde via flexible cystoscopy urethrotomy with a cold knife were successful in all cases.Mean operation time were 20 mins.Urethral catheter (F20-F22)was left in situ for 4-6 weeks．All patients were followed for 6-24 months (mean 1 8 months)．During the follow—up of 8 patients,3 patients had no stricture recurrence．Further intermittent urethral dilations(6-16 procedures) for 4 cases and second endoscopic urethrotomy for 1 case as stricture recurred 3 months after first treatment were mandated．Conclusions The antegrade—retrograde urethrotomy via flexible cystoscopy with a cold knife could be a viable and effective option for gaining access across strictures when traditional methods fail．Although all patients could be spared open surgery on first stage treatment，the long-term successful rate of this technique remains to be evaluated

Abstract:［Abstract］ Objectives: To explore the effect of the combined application of total parenteral nutrition(TPN)and enteral nutrition (EN) in severe acute pancreatitis（SAP）. Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients with SAP were randomized either to treat with TPN support(TPN group, n=42)or with EN support(EN group, n=42) and with TPN+ EN support(TPN+ EN group, n=42) ,Peptisorb type of enteral nutrition were chosen during the jejunal nutrition ，The chang of clin data were observed. Results During observation, APACHE-Ⅱ scores, Ranson score, the curative rate, the mortality rate and the nutritional state of body There were no significantly differences in 3 group befere nutritional support（P>0.05）. The incidences of complications and the average hospital stay significantly decreased in TPN+EN group after treatment compared with TPN group and EN group. The incidences of complications were significantly lower than those in EN group after treatment Compared with TPN（P<0.05）. Conclusions: The combined application of total parenteral nutrition(TPN)and enteral nutrition (EN) can effectively reduced the incidences of complications, the average hospital stay and improve the nutrition conditions in （SAP）.Therefore ,it provides the most reasonable way in nutrition therapy of SAP.

Abstract:Objective To predict the medical expenses and distribution of different payment for urban residents who entering the medical insurance scheme. Methods The article created a static micro simulation model for predicting and evaluating the medical insurance scheme in urban areas for the period of 2008-2010. The main datasets used in constructing the model include: a 0.1 per cent population sample dataset from the 2000 Census for all individuals; and a dataset of employees and retirees under the social medical insurance scheme. The other information used in the model involves the aggregated results of the 1 per cent population survey of Kunming conducted in 2005. Results Based on the population model 2005-2010, the updated Census dataset was statistically matched with the individual dataset of insured employees and retirees. The model provided information on incomes, hospital services usage and medical expenses. Medical expenses of general hospital services as well as serious illness clinic services were provided and the different kinds of payments could be forecasted. Conclusion The results from this research are essential in making the challenging policy decisions when considering the long-term financial sustainability of the medical insurance scheme.

Abstract:To establish the three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary first premolar by using simple and effective method,which providing mathematic model for biomechanic research.Methods: Micro-CT was used to scan the extracted, intact maxillary first premolar .Collecting the point data images of enamel, dentin, and pulp by Mimics 10.0 software, which were imported into Imageware12.0 software to deal with point cloud data and inverse algorithm of curve. After surface fitting, the tooth solid model was accomplished by Ansys 11.0 software. Then, enamel, dentin, and pulp were integrated through Boolean operation in Ansys 11.0,while the solid model of periodontium and alveolar bone were constructed, and the 3D meshes were created respectively. At the same time,the model was undered loading.Result: This study established a fine three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary first premolar including pulp, periodontium and alveolar bone. After 3D meshing, the enamel had 26, 685 tetrahedral elements, the dentin had 114,082 tetrahedral elements, the pulp had 11,843 tetrahedral elements, the periodontium had 22,004 tetrahedral elements,the alveolar bone had 66,767 tetrahedral elements. In total, the model had 241,381 10-node-tetrahedral elements. The accuracy of the model was very high. It is real reflected the figure of the tooth and the curvilinear shape of enamelo-cemental junction. Conclusions: By using and combining the Micro-CT technology and reverse-engineering software, this study established a three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary first premolar. This model has favourable geometric and mechanical comparability, which imitating the stress distribution of loading.

Abstract:Objective: To study the anti-tumor constituents from the roots of Actinidia valvata Dunn. Methods: Column chromatographic techniques were used for the isolation and purification of chemical constituents of the plant and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxic activity was tested by MTT methods. Results: Ten triterpenoids: 2, 3, 24 – trihydroxyurs – 12 – en – 28 – oic acid (1), asiatic acid (2), corosolic acid (3), 2, 3, 23, 24 – tetrahydroxyurs – 12 – en – 28 – oic acid (4), 2, 3, 13, 24 – tetrahydroxyurs – 11 – en – 28 - oic acid – 13 – lactone (5), 2, 3, 24 – trihydroxyolean – 12 – en – 28 – oic acid (6), 2, 3, 19, 24 – tetrahydroxyurs – 12 – en – 28 – oic acid (7), 2, 3, 24 – trihydroxyurs – 12, 20 (30) – dien – 28 - oic acid (8), 2, 3, 24 – trihydroxyurs – 12 – en – 28 – oic acid (9), olean acid (10), and  – sitosterol (11) were isolated from the CHCl3 fraction of this plant, respectively. The cytotoxic activity of five compounds (1, 2, 3, 4, 7) against A549, LOVO and HepG2 cell lines were evaluated. Conclusion: Compounds 3-8 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2 and 3 showed weakly cytotoxic activity against LOVO and HepG2 cell lines, compared to DOX as a positive control.

Abstract:Objective: To study the antifungal activity of triazole alcohols by introduction of n-butyl and triazole as side chain. Methods: sixteen 1-(1H-1, 2, 4-Triazole-1-yl)-2-(2, 4-Difluorophenyl)-3-Substituted-2-Propanol were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and LC-MS．The MICs of the compounds were determined by in vitro test in eight human pathogenic fungi．Results: The title compounds exhibited potent antifungal activities against nearly all fungi tested. Conclusion: The title compounds with n-butyl and triazole side chain have antifungal activities.

Abstract:Objective：To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Rutin, Hyperoside, Isoquercitrin, Quercetin in the hebal of Apocynum venetum from different places．Methods：The separation was performed on a Shiseido C18(3μm，30㎜×100㎜) column by gradient elution with acetonitrile：methanol=10:1 as the mobile phase A 一0．1％ formic acid as the mobile phase B （0-4min，5%A→16%A；4-15min，16%→23%A；15-20min，23%A→35%A;20-22min，35%A→55%A）at a flow rate of 0.6 mL•min-1．The detection wave length of DAD was set at 360 nm，and the column temperature was 30 ℃．The injection volumn was 5μl。Results： Four flavonoids(Rutin, Hyperoside, Isoquercitrin, Quercetin) were separated at base line within 22 min with good linearity (r=0．9999) .The result of intra-day and inter-day precisions ,limits of detection and quantitation were all within the normal range. The recovery rates (n=3)were Rutin 102.0%，96.40%，103.8%；Hyperoside 98.50%，101.0%，102.9%；Isoquercitrin 98.40%，100.4%，101.4%；Quercetin 104.4%，103.1%，103.5%。respectively．The contents of four flavonoids in the hebal of Apocynum venetum from 9 different places were determined.Conclusion：The developed method is rapid，simple，accurate，reliable，and is helpful to control the quality of Apocynum venetum．

Abstract:Abstract : Objective：To study the preparation methods of glycyrrhetinic acid ethosomes hydrogel patch and evaluate the laws and characteristics of transdermal drug delivery in vitro. Method： Glycyrrhetinic acid ethosomes was prepared by ethanol infusion method. Its entrapment efficiency, size and surface potential were investigated, and it was then used to prepare the hydrogel patch. The amount of penetrated glycyrrhetinic acid was determined by HPLC on modified Franz diffusion cells, and then the laws and characteristics of glycyrrhetinic acid ethosomes hydrogel patch transdermal drug delivery in vitro were evaluated. Results: Glycyrrhetinic acid ethosome has an appearance of spherical or ellipsoidal, and with a layered structure; its encapsulation efficiency for glycyrrhetinic acid was 75.63 ± 1.86%, particle size was 106.2 ± 20.54nm, and the surface potential was - 41.3 ± 2.8mV. The percutaneous rate and accumulative infiltration quantity of glycyrrhetinic acid ethosomes hydro gel patch are significantly higher than glycyrrhetinic acid hydro gel patch. The accumulative infiltration quantity of glycyrrhetinic acid ethosomes hdrogel is 5.5 times larger than that of glycyrrhetinic acid hydrogel patch, which shows an extremely significant (t-test, P﹤0.05). Conclusion：Glycyrrhetinic acid ethosomes can significantly improve hydrogel patch transdermal delivery effects, and show that ethosomes hydrogel patch is a new ideal form of transdermal for glycyrrhetinic acid. Keyword： Glycyrrhetinic acid； Ethosome；Hydrogel patch； Transdermal drug delivery

Abstract:Abstract: Objective To study the characteristics and mechanism of solid silicon microneedle arrays deliver sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) transport across hairless rat skin. Methods The amount of SH was determined by HPLC system. Hairless rat skin pretreated with microneedle arrays by hand. The side-by-side diffusion cells were used to investigate the effects of needlepoint shape, different insertion force, retention time and number of microneedles on the SH transdermal drug delivery. Histological examination of skin samples after piercing by microneedles was conducted on paraffin sections and then viewed by brightfield microscopy. Results The skin pretreated with microneedle arrays resulted in a remarkable enhancement of SH transport compared with passive difussion, the flat tipped microneedles were better than sharp tipped microneedles for enhancing skin permeability. The permeated SH increased with the enhancement of insertion force; however, as the insertion force exceeded 5.0 N the permeated SH didn’t increase obviously any more. The skin permeability enhanced with the increase of retention time, as the retention time exceeded 1.0 min, the retention time would not significantly affect the transport ability of the skin. Although skin permeation increased as the microneedles number increased, yet there was no linear correlation between them. The micro-conduits created in skin by microneedles piercing were validated by histological examination. Conclusion The microneedles were able to pierce into skin and form conduits, the formed conduits in skin greatly increased the skin permeability of SH. These results showed that the microneedle arrays may be an efficient and promising technology for transdermal drug delivery of SH.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective: To preparation exenatide loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolicacid) (PLGA) microspheres and to evaluate its release behavior in vitro. Methods: Exenatide PLGA microspheres were prepared by W/O/O method. The content and in vitro cumulative release was determined by a HPLC method, the physical and chemical characteristics of microspheres, including the mean diameter, morphology, drug entrapment efficiency and loading efficiency were evaluated. Results: The prepared microspheres were well-shaped, with mean diameter of (51.2±1.97)μm. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were (4.50±0.13)% and (88.6±0.73)%, respectively. The first day burst release was (13.19±1.39)%. The cumulative in vitro release was up to (88.6±0.73)% in 28 day. Conclusion: The exenatide can encapsulated in microspheres to yield a one-month continuous release using biodegradable polymers PLGA as the carrier material and the process is stable and reproducible.

Abstract:Objective:To compare the autophagy-related gene stimulated by ischemical reperfusion (IR) injury. Methods: The SD rats (250-300 g) were divided randomly into 2 group：A: (Control group) the rat underwent thoracotomy without left anterior descending coronary (LAD) ligated；B: (Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury group the left anterior descending coronary was ligated for 45min, followed by reperfusion for 2 h. The mRNA expression levels of Beclin1 and Atg5 were examined with RT-PCR method, and the protein of LC3 was determined with Western-blot method. Results: The relative amount of the mRNA expression level of Beclin1and Atg5 was enhanced by IR to 2.45 and 1.6 times, respectively. The LC3-Ⅱprotein increased, which increased the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ（IR group, 1.4; Con group, 0.2）. Conclusion: Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury may induce cardiomyocytes autophagy, which contribute to cell death, by increasing the expression of the Atg family.

Abstract:[Abstract] 0bjective To investigate the preparation method of dispersible tablets of isoflavonoids from Rhizoma belamcandae. Methods The formula of isoflavonoid dispersible tablets was optimized by orthogonal experiment with disintegrating time as index and influential factors were observed. According to the optimum prescription we made three batch samples and had quality evaluation such as disintegration time, dissolution rate et. Results The optimized formula was A2B2C2. The contents of crospovidone, gelling starch and gum arabic were 12%，14 %and 3% respectively. As crospovidone and gelling starch，the ratios of before granulation to after pre-compress all were 2:1. The products formulated with the optimum techniques which disintegrated in 30s and dissolved in 45mins met the quality specification of dispersed tablet. Conclusion The dispersible tablets showed good distribution homogeneity and higher dissolution rate. The preparation process is simpler，feasible，and adapt to industrial production.

Abstract:Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is the most undoubted growth factors in the induction of Osteogenesis. They firstly combine to the cell surface receptors of target cells, and then activate a series of intracellular Smad proteins. Mediated by Smad proteins, the signals are conducted into the nucleus and then start the osteogenic gene expression under a series of cofactors. The endogenous Smurf1 plays an inhibitory effect on this whole process. In this paper, based on the latest developments at home and abroad, we reviewed the effect of Smurf1 in the bone morphogenetic protein-induced bone formation.

Abstract:Demyelination disables saltatory conduction and leads to loss of neural functions. Remyelination is mediated by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are widely distributed throughout the adult CNS. A better understanding of oligodendrocyte biology, myelination, and maintenance of myelin sheaths, and the failure of remyelination in the CNS, which has been associated with the limited availability, migratory capacity and myelinating ability of endogenous OPCs, is necessary to improve remyelination strategies in a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS).

Abstract:Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is considered to be longer than 200 nucleotides with little or no protein-coding capacity. LncRNAs regulate gene expression at Epigenetic level, transcription as well as post-transcription level, and they are involved in various physiological and pathological processes in organisms. However, very few lncRNAs has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the functions and mechanism of lncRNA are still unclear. In this review, we mainly discussed the recent study progress of LncRNA and its roles in clinical diseases.

Abstract:[abstract] It is well known that glutamate-induced excitatory toxicity could damage nerve cells. Previous study indicated that neural cell injury from glutamate excitotoxicity may play a important role in the pathogenesis of several nervous system diseases, Nevetheless, estrogen has protective effects on neural cell injury induced by glutamate excitotoxicity and these effects may be mediated by estrogen receptor(ER).which is essentical for estrogen biological function. We reviewed some recent papers regarding to protective effects of estrogen and its receptors in neural cell injury induced by glumate. [Key words] Estrogen; Estrogen receptor; Glutamate; Neural cell injury

Abstract:A prospective cohort study on “Ye’s benefit Qi and soften hardness Decoction” in the treatment of stage-IV diabetic nephropathy GAI yun ZHANG tong YANG xiao-ping Department of TCM, The People’s Hospital of Seventh Abstract: Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of “Ye’s benefit Qi and soften hardness Decoction” in the treatment of stage2Ⅳ diabetic nephropathy. Methods A prospective cohort study method was utilized in this clinical trial. A total of 60 cases were divided into groups, treatment group 30 cases and control group 30 cases.The subjects in the control group 30 cases were given the standard treatment by following the clinical guide of diabetic nephropathy, while the subjects in the treatment group was orally given “ye’s benefit Qi and soften hardness decoction” plus the standard treatment, with a course of 12 weeks. 24 hours urinary protein , serum creatinine. blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride, cholesterol were analyzed for evaluation before and after treatment. Results Before the treatment, the difference of the mean total score of symptom and the score of every main symptoms between two groups is inappreciable. After the treatment, compared with the control group, the mean total score of symptom of treatment group is obviously lower than control group(P<0.01). The total effective rates for western medicine were 81.2 % and 51.6% in the treatment group and control group, with significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05);and there were great differences in 24 hour urinary protein About creatinine and BUN, there was no significant change in the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Ye’s benefit Qi and soften hardness Decoction can effectively decrease the urinary protein. Key words: Stage-Ⅳ diabetic nephropathy; integrative Chinese and western medicine; “Ye’s benefit Qi and soften hardness Decoction”

Abstract:【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effects of EPO on EBA expression and BBB permeability after ischemia reperfusion injury in rat.Methods 20 male SD rats were randomly divided into EPO treatment group、ischemia reperfusion group .The model of focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was established by occluding middle cerebral artery(MCA) for 2h and reperfusing for 24h.EPO treatment group received rHu-EPO at 3000U/Kg of bodyweight,while ischemia reperfusion group received the same dose of normal saline,just before the beginning of reperfusion. The rat prefrontal cortex was removed 24h after reperfusion. the expression of EBA and fibrinogen were observed using immunohistology.Results By IHC method,the number of EBA positive microvessels was 10.60±0.93 in EPO treatment group,5.30±1.24 in ischemia reperfusion group. the number of EBA was significantly increased in EPO treatment group compared with those in ischemia reperfusion group(P<0.01);The expression of fibrinogen was 5.50±2.56 in EPO treatment group,8.60±3.12 in ischemia reperfusion group. the number of fibrinogen was significantly decreased in EPO treatment group compared with those in ischemia reperfusion group (P<0.01).Conclusions EPO treatment could increase EBA expression and reduce fibrinogen expression after ischemia reperfusion injury.EPO may exert BBB protective effect through enhancing the content of EBA ,inhibiting BBB permeability.

Abstract:Route choice of beside emergency temporary cardiac pacing 　　Abstract: Objective To explore route choice of beside emergency temporary cardiac pacing. Method The documents of beside emergency temporary cardiac pacing are collected and analyzed during Dec 12,2002 to Dec 12, 2009. Result 28 patients underwent 32 times heart pacing. Pacing site is 16 times in right supraclavicular vein, 15 times in right femoral vein, and 11 times in left subclavicular vein. Compared with the other sites, there are shorter time consuming and higher success rates for establishing heart pacing in is shorter, and success rates right supraclavicular vein. Conclusion Right supraclavicular vein is an optimal pacing site for beside emergency temporary cardiac pacing.

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract: